1. Here is some information for visitors to New York City. Fill in the missing words. Use one word only in each space. In some gaps you will have to use “be allowed to” and “be supposed to”.

Before you travel to the USA, you must find out what documents you need. British people do not (1) … to get visa, but there are different rules for different nationalities. For example, you (2) … need to show that you have enough money with you. But there’s one rule you can be sure about: everyone (3) … to show their passport. The roads in New York are very busy, but don’t worry – you (4) … get around cheaply and easily by subway. Remember that you are not (5) … to smoke on public transport or in shops. And don’t forget either that you are (6) … to tip taxi drivers and waiters. New York is not the most dangerous city in the US, but you really (7) … not walk along empty streets at night. And it is safer if you are (8) … to travel in a group.

2. Write a second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first. Use the word in brackets.

1. Perhaps Susan knows the address. (may)

2. I managed to finish all my work. (able)

3. The report must be on my desk tomorrow morning. (has)

4. It is possible that Joanne did not receive my message. (might)

5. It was not necessary for Nancy to fill in this form. (didn't)

6. The best thing for you to do is to check all the figures. (better)

7. I’m sure she discussed this problem with the manager. (must)

8. It’s not necessary for you to promise – I know I can trust you. (need)

9. Persuading Adrian to order these goods was a bad thing to do. (should)

10. We should consult an expert before we make a decision. (better)

FOCUS ON FUNCTION

Discovering similarities and differences

Comparison and contrast are ways of looking at objects and thinking about how they are alike and different. In comparison and contrast, transition words show that a speaker is changing from talking about one item to the other.

1. Study the language of comparing information:

• ... compared to ...

• Similarly / moreover / likewise / on the contrary / conversely / however

• On the one hand / on the other hand …

• Both … and …

• If you compare ... and ...

• ... I consider it to be greatly inferior / superior to ...

• I don’t consider ... to be in any way more complicated / attractive than ...

• All in all, ... / By and large, ...

• On the whole, ...

• I don’t see how you can talk about ... and ... in the same way.

• You just can’t compare ... and ...

• There’s absolutely no comparison between ... and ...

• ... is incomparably more interesting than ...

• ... is less valuable than ...

2. Study the tables containing the results of the survey of mobile phones (models A and B). Then compare the models using expressions from task I.

E. g. Both models have a colour display screen.

Model A Model B

	good	satisfactory	poor			good	satisfactory	poor
Price / quality ratio		V			Price / quality ratio			V
WAP service	V				WAP service			V
Voice mail service		V			Voice mail service	V
Battery life			V		Battery life		V
Colour display screen		V			Colour display screen		V
Digital camera	V				Digital camera			V
Voice recorder		V			Voice recorder	V
Text messages		V			Text messages		V

3. Perform a comparative analysis of the state structure of the USA, the UK and Belarus, make use of the functional vocabulary.