Find English equivalents to the following words and word-combinations:

1. придавать уверенности

2. не доставлять никаких хлопот

3. выводить из себя

4. забавный, занимательный

5. предоставлять свободу

6. чувство ответственности

7. управлять кафе, быть владельцем

8. жаловаться на что-то

9. ей было свойственно совершать красивые поступки

10. ужасный вкус

11. отвратительный, страшный

12. отправиться в путешествие

13. увидеть кого-либо

14. мгновенно понять

• Summarize the text.

ENGLISH IN USE:

• Insert the proper prepositions.

1. Martin was attracted …………. Mary, but it was a long time before he managed to ask her ……………. .

2. Tom fell …………… love …………. Anna the moment he met her.

3. Frank’s engaged ………….. Veronica.

4. Charles has been married ……………. Henrietta for ten years.

5. James’s parents don’t approve ……………. his relationship with Caroline.

6. Andrew and Jean are related …………….. marriage.

7. Sally broke ………….. her engagement …………… Arthur.

8. Tim and Eileen have split …………….. .

9. Alison is very fond …………….. all her children.

10. Barbara and Joe are related ……………… each other.

• Read the text below and look carefully at each line. Some of the lines are correct, and some have a word which should not be there. Tick the correct lines and underline the wrong words in the incorrect lines.

EXAMPLE: 0 √

00 years

The Roberts Family

0 00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

For the last five years, Alex Roberts has brought up her daughters Kim, who’s twelve years, and Tina, aged 10, on her own. She says: ‘In the beginning, it was very difficult for all us but that’s the past and we are really happy now. We spend a lot of time talking together. The girls like to talk about clothes, how they’ve spent the day, what they’re going to watch out on TV. We feel very much close but we all have our own opinions so there is the occasional row.’ ‘If you love with people,’ says Kim, ‘of course you are disagree. No-one is to blame for, and Mum makes sure that afterwards we kiss and make up.’ The family doesn’t have much of money, so they must to save up for special treats. What they like best is giving up supper parties for friends. They go shopping for a special food and then prepare everything together. Alex worries about her children but says: ‘We’re OK, I think.’ Tina and Kim would agree that.

Weddings

A Church of England Wedding

When Jonathan and Sarah Gibbs were married, the couple never considered anything other than a church wedding. ‘Getting married in a register office just wouldn’t have had the same sense of occasion.’ Neither is a regular church-goer. Sarah, who wore a lace and silk dress, agrees that pleasing her parents as a big factor in opting for a traditional do. The 20-minute ceremony at the church was followed by champagne on the lawn of an Elizabethan manor, a receiving line, and a three-course sit-down meal for 100, followed by dancing into the night. The couple were waved off to a honeymoon on safari in Kenia and Tanzania. Most of the cost was borne by Sarah’s father. ‘It was an awful lot of money but worth it,’ she says. ‘I mean, you only get one chance to have a really big do like that, don’t you?’

A Muslim Wedding

Five hundred guests and four days of festivities marked the marriage of Naila and Rizwan Minhas. Theirs was a winter wedding, last December: Naila veiled in the traditional Punjabi wedding outfit of beaded red lace, remembers shivering in the snow as she was taken from one venue to the next. ‘An Asian wedding is a really big deal and people travel miles to go to them – we had guests from Hong Kong, Pakistan and the United States at ours,’ says Naila. Naila and Rizwan both grew up in Glasgow where their parents have been friends for years. ‘It wasn’t exactly an arranged marriage,’ says Rizwan, ‘ but you could say there was a fair amount of parental persuasion. We wouldn’t have done it if we hadn’t both been very happy with one another, though.’

The wedding celebrations started when 250 guests gathered to welcome Naila and mark her hands with henna, the traditional greeting for a bride. The following evening there was a similar ceremony for Rizwan. The actual marriage took place at Eastwood Hall in Glasgow and the couple arrived separately to the serenade of a kilted piper. ‘I feel very Scottish as well as Asian,’ explains Rizwan. During the ceremony itself, the couple were in different rooms – the priest went first to the bridegroom and then to the bride to ask whether they had consented to the marriage. A ring ceremony followed, in which Rizwan’s mother placed a gold ring on Naila’s finger and Naila’s mother placed one on Rizwan’s. ‘Wearing rings is a western custom which we’ve started following too,’ says Rizwan. A sit-down meal of traditional Pakistani dishes was followed by speeches. Naila, now officially part of Rizwan’s family, left with him for his family home where music and dancing continued into the night. The newly-weds stayed with Rizwan’s parents for a few days before leaving for a honeymoon in Tunisia.

A Modern Wedding in Las Vegas

Bryony Mander married Jake Peck in Las Vegas last January part-way through a touring holiday of the States. On arrival in Vegas the couple spent an afternoon checking out the numerous wedding chapels and eventually decided on the Little White Chapel. Bryony had brought her own dress with her, emerald green and shocking pink taffeta, but Jake hired a western-style tuxedo with flared nylon trousers. They were collected from their hotel in the complimentary limo and driven to the County Court House to obtain their licence, then on to the chapel itself. ‘The ceremony was actually quite pleasant,’ said Bryony. ‘We had a female minister and we chose to have the civil ceremony.’ After the ceremony, the real business started. ‘The lady behind the counter tried to sell us the video that we’d said we didn’t want in the first place, a cassette recording of our vows and a white leather-bound photo album. Under pressure we gave way on the latter.’ There were more extras to come. Bryony and Jake were handed an envelope which read ‘Minister’s donation: between $40 and $100’ and in the limo a sign stated that the driver worked only for gratuities and would accept tips over $25. ‘Looking back, it was a great laugh,’ says Bryony. ‘A big church wedding seemed too much and a registry office not enough, so this was the perfect alternative.’

A Humanist Wedding

‘We’d been coming to Lulworth Cove for years and thought it would be a brilliant place to get married,’ says Debbie. ‘Neither of us had been brought up with any formal religious belief and we felt it would be hypocritical to go to church just to get married. A friend told us about humanist ceremonies.’ Humanist ceremonies have no standing in law, so Debbie and Nick had to go along to Hammersmith register office the previous day to be legally wed. For the ceremony at Lulworth, the bride wore an ankle-length white dress and a veil and walked the quarter of a mile up the hill from the car park on her father’s arm. A hundred friends had gathered on top of the hill to hear Nick and Debbie recite vows they had written themselves, in which they promised to recognize each other as equals and to ‘love, honour and tenderly care’ for each other in the years ahead.

After the formalities, everyone walked the mile back into the village for an afternoon of festivities, followed by dancing to the sound of a Cajun band. Hiring the hall cost just £6 and the overall costs were split between both sets of parents and the bridal couple themselves. ‘We were a bit worried about whether our parents would approve,’ says Debbie. ‘But they loved it. I think they were quite proud of us for being creative and doing something else.’

* The Church of England - people married in religious ceremonies recognized by law do not have to have an additional ceremony in a registry office

a traditional do - a traditional / big party

a receiving line – the married couple and their relatives stand in a line and talk to each of their guests in turn as they walk past

an arranged marriage – the traditional arrangement in certain cultures of the parents choosing the marriage partner for their children

a complimentary limo – a limousine provided free for the occasion

Lulworth Cove – a beautiful part of the coast in Dorset, in the south of England

a Cajun band – a band performing music typical of the Cajuns, people of French-Canadian origin who settled down in Louisiana, USA

• Match the details of the wedding to the couple. Support your answer with the information from the text.

1. Jonathan and Sarah

2. Naila and Rizwan

3. Bryony and Jake

4. Debbie and Nick

1. went abroad for the ceremony

2. had guests from around the world

3. say they didn’t think a register office was the appropriate place for the ceremony

4. got married in the open air

5. had dancing after the ceremony

6. were encouraged after the ceremony to spend more

7. took account of what their parents might think

8. left for a trip abroad shortly after the ceremony

• Find English equivalents to the following words and word-combinations:

1. церковное бракосочетание

2. бюро записей актов гражданского состояния

3. ощущение праздника, события

4. выбирать традиционную форму проведения свадьбы (приема)

5. танцевать до ночи

6. нести затраты

7. празднества, торжества

8. свадебный наряд, облачение

9. место сбора, встречи

10. брак по договоренности, устроенный брак

11. долгие родительские убеждения

12. соглашаться на что-либо

13. получить свидетельство о браке

14. дар, денежное пожертвование

15. работать за вознаграждение

16. лицемерный, обманчивый

17. иметь вес, законную силу

18. признавать равноправие друг друга

19. общая стоимость

20. одобрять

• Summarize the text.

• Retell the text.

Why should adoption agencies observe strict rules in their activity?

What kind of problem may arise when one of the parents remarries?

Would you want to bring your children similarly to the way your parents brought you up?

Would you like your marriage to be arranged? Do you see any advantages in it?

What problems do old people face? Who should pay the costs involved in looking after the old?

Vocabulary

ROMANCE

• Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage.

date	approve	mature	attracted	romantic
keen	break off	go out	relationship	drift apart

Ann was a very (a) ____________ girl who often dreamed of love and marriage. She was especially (b) ____________ to a young man called Michael, who worked in the same office as she did, and he was very (c) ____________ on her too. They became friendly and one day Michael asked her to go out with him. Their first (d) ____________ was a visit to the cinema, and they both enjoyed the evening so much that they decided to (e) ____________ together regularly. Michael was a bit untidy and rather young, and Ann’s parents didn’t (f) ____________ of him at first, but Ann was a sensible, (g) _____________ girl and they had confidence in her. For a year or so everything went well, but then somehow they slowly began to (h) ___________, until finally they decided to (i) ______________ their (j) _____________.

MARRIAGE

• Put each of the following words in its correct place in the passage.

bride	engaged	bridegroom	consent	wedding
civil	reception	honeymoon	propose	toast

One evening, although he was nervous, Joe decided to (a) _____________ to his girlfriend, Linda. She accepted his proposal, they became (b) _____________ and he gave her a ring. After a year they had saved enough money to get married (they were both over 18 so they didn’t need their parents’ (c) ____________ ). Some people have a religious ceremony with a priest, but Joe and Linda decided on a (d) ______________ ceremony in a registry office. On the day of the (e) ______________ Linda, the (f) _____________, was very calm, but Joe, the (g) _______________, was very nervous. Afterwards, at the (h) ______________, speeches were made and the guests drank a (i) _______________ to the happy couple, who finally left for a (j) _______________ in Spain.

• Put one of the following words in each space in the sentences below.

in

with

out

to

of

1. Bob and Leanne are going _______ together.

2. Bob is going _______ _______ Leanne.

3. He was too nervous to ask her _______.

4. She’s very fond _______ him.

5. We drank a toast _______ their future happiness.

6. He fell _______ love _______ her at once.

7. He’s getting married _______ Liz next month.

8. She’s engaged _______ a policeman.

9. His parents don’t approve _______her.

10. Have confidence _______ me!

The UK family: In statistics

Families are changing shape and facing up to new lifestyle challenges. The facts and figures below give an idea of what the typical UK family looks like in the early 21st century.

WHAT IS A 'TYPICAL' FAMILY?

T here were 17.1 million families in the UK in 2006 - up from 16.5 million in 1996. Most were still headed by a married couple (71%), although the proportion of cohabiting couple families had increased to 14%, from 9% 10 years earlier. Although two children remains the most common family size, the average number of children per family in the UK has dropped - from 2.0 in 1971 to 1.8.

WHERE FAMILIES LIVE

More young people are living at home for longer. In 2006, 58% of men and 39% of women aged 20-24 in England still lived at home with their parents.

There is a large concentration of single people living in London, whereas married couples and families tend to be concentrated in the centre of the country and around the outskirts of major cities, according to research by Professor Danny Dorling of Sheffield University.

His map is based on data drawn from the 85 constituencies used for the European parliamentary elections in 1999, each containing roughly half a million people over the age of 18 in a similar geographical area. Figures were not available for Northern Ireland.

WORK-LIFE BALANCE

In most families with dependent children, the father is still the main wage earner and the mother often works part-time. According to the BBC/ICM poll, 33% of women still do the bulk of household chores, but 35% of respondents said both parents shared childcare duties.

SPENDING HABITS

The average family income is £32,779 before tax. According to ONS figures, an average household - made up of 3.9 people - spends £601.20 a week, compared with a couple's average spend of £527.30. In other words, the household spends £155.60 per head, compared with a couple's spend of £263.60 per head.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7071611.stm 06 Nov 2007

How much is family life changing?

By Mark Easton BBC home editor

A BBC poll suggests that three-quarters of Britons are optimistic about their family's future - a much higher figure than when people were asked more than 40 years ago.

Family life is changing in the UK - but not in the way we might expect.

When the BBC commissioned its survey of families in Britain, I think our expectation was that we would be measuring the extent to which people's closest relationships were suffering as a result of the decline in traditional family structures. When the results came in, we had a surprise.

Compared with historical polling, people are more optimistic about their family's future, more people describe their family as close and they are more likely to say their parents did their best for them.

Despite all the changes, we remain remarkable happy with family life - 93% of us describing it as fairly or very happy.

The results don't seem to make sense when we look at academic data which links looser family structures to poorer health and happiness.

Marriage levels in Britain are at an all-time low. For every three weddings there are now two divorces - the highest rate in Europe.

Cohabitation has risen 64% in a decade, with almost half of children now born outside wedlock.

Lone parenting

We also have by far the highest proportion of lone parents in Europe - a quarter of children now live with a single mum.

Academic studies consistently find that such children do less well at school and at work than the offspring of cohabiting or married couples.

So how does one explain this apparent contradiction?

It may be that our expectations of family life have changed, that we are content with arrangements that would have dissatisfied our forebears.

Perhaps our optimism reflects contemporary affluence and stability rather than a confidence in the strength of family structures.

After all, increasing numbers of people - now seven out of 10 - believe that family life is generally becoming less successful, even if they are optimistic about their own.

Technology's role

Another possible factor is technology. Most people have access to a car or good public transport making increased distance between family members less problematic than it would have been 50 years ago.

The ubiquitous nature of telephony - particularly mobile phones - has made family contact easier, although the internet has not yet become a major method of family communication.

In the poll less than a third of internet users said they used it to contact their family every week and only 8% made contact every day.

Perhaps the most intriguing explanation for the up-beat view of family life discovered in this poll is that it reflects the increasing importance we place upon it.

The global fascination with genealogy and family trees may stem from the same psychological need to understand who we are in a world where identities can easily become blurred.

Despite the changing nature of family life, perhaps we value those ties more than ever.

Story from BBC NEWS: http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/uk_news/7078004.stm 05 Nov 2007

• Summarize the article.

I’m serving a sentence too

While Sakina Fitzpatrick knows her husband deserves to pay for his crime, she is also suffering. So often, it’s prisoner’s families who become innocent victims.

She thought he’d gone to borrow some money from a friend. The hours passed and he didn’t return. Then the police knocked at the door. She stood there while they said her husband, Patrick, had been arrested and would be charged with armed robbery. ‘It’s hard to explain what goes through your head at a time like that. I knew my husband had been in trouble in the past, before I met him, but he had been so good with me and he loved our children. But he was out of work and I think he just got desperate.’

Patrick was sentenced to eight years and nine months. Sakina has remained loyal to him, visiting him regularly with their three children, Gemma, James and Paul. Like many prisoners’ wives, Sakina is a typical loving, law-abiding mother and housewife. Far from moaning about the sentence, she says: ‘In a way, Patrick was lucky not to get longer. He did wrong and he’s paying for it.’

Sakina is now 26 and her life revolves around her family. Money is very short and her council flat is tidy but threadbare. She has a god for protection but says: ‘I do feel defenceless, especially in the middle of the night, but I must be strong and cope because of the children. Gemma’s always been a daddy’s girl. Patrick watched her being born and they’ve got this very close bond. Now Gemma only sees her dad twice a month, in jail. I always take the kids.’ Sakina can spend up to 90 minutes with Patrick in a large visiting room. They’re allowed to hold hands during the visit and the children can sit on his lap. ‘We’re all excited when we go and miserable when we leave,’ she says.

One of Sakina’s biggest problems is money. She admits: ‘I’m in a lot of debt because I put bills off in order to feed the children properly. Patrick’s always saying I should go out more but you get used to being alone and I don’t want to mix. I can’t afford to go out anyway. I can’t really afford to live.’

‘Being a prisoner’s wife is worse than being a widow because then you have to accept your husband has gone and get on with your life.’ Of course, people ask why she stays with Patrick. ‘They don’t usually come straight out with it. Most people say they don’t know how I cope after all he’s done. You’ve got to have a very strong relationship to stick it out but I’ve told him I won’t put up with it or put the children through it again.’

She often wonders what the future will hold for her family. A prison record inevitably means finding work is harder. ‘We’ve both changed a lot too. I’ve got to cope with the bills and children while he doesn’t have to worry where he lives or what he earns. I really can’t wait for him to come out but I know we’ll both have to adjust a lot.’

• Which of the following provides the best explanation of these words and phrases that appear in the text?

1. to pay for his crime

1. to pay a sum of money to a court

2. to be punished

3. to give help to those he injured

2. arrested

1. stopped by the police

2. put in prison

3. noticed

3. law-abiding

1. breaking the law

2. consulting lawyers

3. respecting the law

4. moaning

1. making a noise

2. being angry

3. complaining

5. They’ve got this very close bond

1. they depend on each other

2. they feel great affection for each other

3. they have a tense relationship

6. a prison record

1. the maximum time spent in prison

2. a song describing life in prison

3. being known as a person who’s been in prison

• Answer the following questions.

1. When the police knocked on Sakina’s door, did she have any reason to suspect her husband?

2. How does Sakina justify her husband’s action?

3. Does she agree with what he did?

4. Why does Sakina keep a dog?

5. How often do the children see their father?

6. What is Sakina’s financial situation like?

7. What do most people think about Sakina staying with Patrick?

8. What is Sakina’s view if Patrick breaks the law again?

9. Does Sakina anticipate any difficulties when her husband gets out of prison?

• Find English equivalents to the following words and word-combinations:

1. расплачиваться за преступление

2. невинные жертвы

3. обвинить в вооруженном ограблении

4. быть без работы

5. был доведен до отчаяния

6. приговорить к восьми годам

7. остаться преданным кому-либо

8. законопослушный

9. совершил правонарушение

10. ее жизнь сосредоточена на семье / вращается вокруг семьи

11. сидеть на коленях

12. отложить оплату счетов

13. говорить прямо (напрямик)

14. мириться с чем-либо

15. судимость

16. что ожидает их в будущем

• Summarize the text.

• Retell the text.

• Write a composition on the theme “The importance of family life” (about 100 words). Use the Active and Core Vocabulary, and Word Combinations.

Make use of the following points:

• different views on family life

• advantages and disadvantages of family life

• roles of family members, their responsibilities

• problems that may have bad influence on family life

• society and a family

• characteristics common to all family forms

Vocabulary of the unit

CORE VOCABULARY

Single – unmarried – bachelor – eligible

Single, unmarried adj одинокий, холостой, незамужняя; to remain single

Bachelor n a man who has never been married; холостяк

Eligible adj rich, attractive, and not married, and very desirable as a husband or wife; желательный, подходящий, приемлемый

Wife – husband – spouse – partner

Spouse n a legal or official word for the man or woman that someone is married to (n); муж, супруг; жена, супруга

Partner n the man or woman that someone is married to or having a sexual relationship with; супруг(а)

To be engaged (to smb), to get engaged (to smb) v a man and a woman formally agree to get married; быть помолвленным; обручать(ся)

Engagement n ; to announce ~ - ; break off ~

Marry smb v 1) жениться (на ком-л.) или выходить замуж (за кого-л.); обручаться, бракосочетаться, вступать в брак (c кем-л)

Get married (to smb) v выходить замуж (за кого-л.); жениться (на ком-л.); пожениться

Remarry v вступить в новый брак

Fiancé/fiancée n the person you are going to marry; жених/ невеста

Bride-to-be/ husband-to-be n a woman or man who is soon going to be married, used especially when you are talking about the plans for the wedding ceremony; невеста/ жених

Bride n a woman at the time she gets married or just after she is married; невеста; новобрачная

Groom/bridegroom n a man at the time he gets married; жених, новобрачный

Marriage n 1)the relationship that two people have together when they are married; 2) the ceremony at which people are legally married; it may be religious or not; 1) брак, супружество; замужество; женитьба; 2) бракосочетание, свадьба; arranged marriage – a marriage in which the parents choose a husband or wife for their child

Wedding n an official ceremony at which two people get married, especially one with a religious service and a party or meal afterwards; свадьба; венчание, бракосочетание; to perform a wedding — устроить свадьбу

Couple n two people who are married to each other; пара; муж и жена, жених и невеста;

Newlyweds n a man and woman who have recently married; новобрачные, молодожены

Man and wife n a formal expression meaning a married couple;

To wed v а) жениться; выходить замуж; вступать в брак б) выдать замуж; женить; сочетать браком; to be (legally) wed;

Widow n вдова; Widower – вдовец; Widowed – овдовевший; одинокий

In-laws n (plural) an informal expression meaning the family of your husband or wife, especially their parents; родня со стороны мужа/жены

Stepmother/stepfather etc n someone who becomes your mother, sister, son etc when the person you are related to marries for the second time; мачеха, отчим, сводная сестра, брат

Half-brother/ half-sister n единокровный или единоутробный брат (сестра), брат (сестра) по одному из родителей

Related adj connected by a family relationship: I am related to her by marriage. Она моя родственница по браку (Мы связаны родством)

Relative n родственник My uncle is my close/ closest/ nearest/ distant relative.

Child – kid – youngster – toddler

Child n a young person from the time they are born until they are aged about 14 or 15

Kid n an informal word meaning a child

Youngster n a word used especially by adults meaning a young person of around ten years and older; мальчик, юноша; юнец

Toddler n a small child who is just learning to walk; ребенок, начинающий ходить

Orphan /’o:f n/ n a child whose parents have died; сирота

To bring (smb) up v an expression used especially in Britian English meaning to look after children until they have grown up; воспитывать; be well brought up – быть хорошо воспитанным; upbringing – воспитание

To grow up v to become an adult; расти, вырастать; становиться взрослым

Old – elderly – aged – ageing/aging – be getting on

Old adj no longer young; the old = old people; старый, старческий, опытный, давнишний, старинный

Elderly adj a polite word meaning old; пожилой, почтенный;

Aged adj very old; пожилой, в возрасте, достигший такого-то возраста, старческий

Ageing/aging adj ageing rock star/movie star/hippy/romeo etc (one who is becoming old, especially in an unattractive way, and seems too old to be a rock star, film star etc.); /adj. only before noun/ стареющий

Be getting on v an informal expression meaning to be fairly old; Now that my uncle is getting on a bit he doesn’t play golf anymore. Стареть, стариться

Have a (good) relationship with smb, organization, country, to each other (phrase not in progressive) иметь отношения с кем-либо, к друг другу

Get on/ get along with smb ; get along/on well, all right; get along/on together – уживаться, ладить

Separate - split up – break up

Separate v to live apart from a husband or wife that you used to live with; разлучаться, расходиться, расставаться

Split up v if two people split up, they stop having a relationship with each other; прекращать отношения

Break up v people a in family separate so that they are no longer together; распадаться, разваливаться (о семье и т. п.)

Get divorced v legally end your marriage; divorce smb /di’vo:s/ расторгать брак, разводиться; get a divorce (from smb) получить развод; be divorced

Ex-husband/ex-wife v бывшая жена, бывший муж

Festivity n happiness and festive activity also festivities pl. a festive event; e.g. Christmas festivities; 1) веселье, веселость; праздничность, праздник; 2) мн. празднества; торжества; Syn: celebration

Ceremony n a traditional event or action that is performed in order to mark an important religious, civil or social occasion; обряд, ритуал; церемониал, церемония; to conduct, hold, perform a ceremony осуществлять церемонию, совершать обряд; marriage ceremony, the wedding ceremony свадьба, венчание

To be in one’s thirties, eighties быть в каком-либо возрасте (за 30, за 40)

Playtime время игр и развлечений, время отдыха

ACTIVE VOCABULARY

Occasion n событие (торжественное, печальное и т.п.); случай, повод, подходящий момент; a great (happy, sad, particular, fitting, proper, special, etc) occasion; Did he mark the occasion? This is not an occasion for laughter (joking, etc). on (for) this occasion по этому случаю; The suit will do for all occasions. I met him on several occasions. Phr on the occasion of (one’s birthday, graduation, smb’s arrival, etc) по случаю, в честь (дня рождения и т.п.); on occasion n, occasional adj = happening from time to time, not regular; случающийся время от времени, при случае, иногда; an occasional visitor редкий гость, occasional letter случайное(редкое) письмо, occasional rain кратковременные дожди; occasionally adv время от времени, изредка They met but occasionally.

Sense n 1. Чувство, ощущение The five senses are sight (зрение), hearing (слух), smell (обоняние), taste (вкус), and touch (осязание); the sixth sense - “шестое чувство”, интуиция; Phr a sense of duty (humour, proportion, etc) чувство долга (юмора, меры и т.п.); 2. Смысл, значение, благоразумие to have the (good) sense to do; There is much (little, no, etc) sense in his words (in what he says; in discussing the question now, etc); What’s the sense of doing that? The telegram did not make sense. Phr common sense здравый смысл She showed a lot of common sense; talk sense говорить по существу дела; You’d better listen to him, he is talking sense; sensible adj благоразумный, здравый, практичный, удобный (об одежде); a sensible man (idea, suggestion, solution, etc); sensible advice (words, etc); senseless adj неблагоразумный, бессмысленный, бесчувственный sense of occasion n /S/ ощущение события, общее настроение события

Depend v (on, upon) 1) (not in progressive) зависеть, находиться в зависимости от кого-л., чего-л. The amount I earn depends on the kind of work I’m doing. “Can you give me a lift? – It depends where you are going.; 2) depend on smb; depend on smb to do smth; depend on smb for smth положиться на кого-то, доверять кому-то (в свершении чего-либо); It’s good to know I can depend on you any time I need help. You can depend on Alice to arrive in time. ; That (all) depends/It (all) depends — как сказать!, поживем увидим; depending on в зависимости от; исходя из; dependent adj (on) The size of the crowd is largely dependent on the crowd. a) Зависящий (от обстоятельств), обусловленный; b)be dependent on smb for support - материально зависеть от кого-либо; c) зависимый, подвластный, подневольный, подчиненный; independent; dependency n зависимость; подчиненное положение; зависимая страна, зависимая территория

Complain v выражать недовольство; жаловаться; complain of (a) headache; complain to smb about/of difficulties (hard work, late delivery of the goods, etc); The work was hard but he never complained; complaint n (about, against) недовольство; жалоба make a complaint against smb подать на кого-либо жалобу

Taste n (lit & fig) вкус The dish has a pleasant taste. She has good (poor, etc) taste in books (cloths, etc) The joke was in bad taste. The apple is bitter to the taste. In smb’s taste в чьем-либо вкусе; to smb’s taste по чьему-либо вкусу; tasty adj вкусный (о еде); tasteless adj безвкусный; taste v 1. Пробовать (на вкус) 2. Иметь вкус The fruit tastes good (sweet, bitter, etc)

Cost v (cost) 1) а) стоить (о цене, выраженной в денежном эквиваленте) б) требовать (усилий, страданий и т.д.); обходиться; “How much do these shoes cost?” – “They cost $30”; The mistake cost him his job; The cost if living has gone up 5% in the last year Cost n 1. цена, стоимость (тж. перен.); As housing costs rise, more and more families have to move out of the city into cheaper areas; 2) а) расход (времени); расходование; б) затраты, издержки (по доставке, транспортировке товаров); High production costs lead to high prices in the shops; overall costs - затраты в целом; to know (to learn) to one's own cost — знать (узнать) по горькому опыту; at any cost — любой ценой; во что бы то ни стало; at the cost of — ценою чего-л. He saved the children from the fire at the cost of his own life (=but he died); to bear the most of the cost нести основную тяжесть расходов; costly adj дорогой, дорогостоящий; богатый, пышный, роскошный; It was a costly mistake. Эта ошибка обошлась (нам) дорого.

Support n 1) поддержка; помощь full (wholehearted, financial, military) support (for; in); Your support has meant a lot to me during this difficult time; get, win support for — завоевать чью-л. поддержку, чье-л. одобрение; to have the support of — иметь чью-л. поддержку; in support of (the workers’ demands) 2) а) прям. и перен. опора; основание; б) перен. кормилец (семьи) He was the sole support of his father. — Он был единственным кормильцем своего отца; 3) а) средства к существованию; б) содержание, материальное обеспечение She had a large family for support. — У нее на содержании была большая семья.

To support v 1. поддерживать; содержать (материально); обеспечивать; He has a wife and two children to support. Он содержит жену и двух детей. 2. поддерживать (морально); помогать, содействовать, способствовать; support a theory (claim, view); 3. выносить, выдерживать; сносить I cannot support even the idea of it. — Я не могу выносить одну мысль об этом. Syn. Put up with.

Be supportive (of) = be willing to help someone emotionally; My husband has always been very supportive of everything that I do.

WORD COMBINATIONS

Benefit from doing извлекать пользу, выгоду из чего-либо

For the sake of smb ради кого-либо

Allow smb freedom предоставлять кому-либо свободу

Cope with smth справиться с чем-либо

What will the future hold for her family Что будущее готовит для ее семьи?

In my day в свое время

To run a café, a house управлять кафе, вести домашнее хозяйство

Set eyes on smb обратить внимание, положить глаз на кого-либо

Put up with smth мириться с чем-либо

Put smb through заставить кого-либо пройти через что-либо (испытание)

Come straight out with (a question) спросить напрямую

To give smb confidence вселять в кого-либо уверенность, придавать кому-либо уверенности

To be no trouble (to smb) Не доставлять хлопот, неприятностей

Stick smth out терпеть, держаться до конца

Work out (problems, difficult situations) решить проблемы, разрешить сложные ситуации

Have a do an informal British word meaning a large party, usually to celebrate something; After the wedding there was a big do at the Savoy. Развлечение, вечеринка, представление

Opt for smth выбирать, предпочитать что-либо

Vocabulary exercises

1. Fill in the blanks with suitable words from Active Vocabulary in the correct form. Translate the sentences.

1. He had the (good) ... to go by train rather than drive after hearing the forecast of icy conditions.

2. I’m afraid I haven’t got a very good ... of direction, so I easily get lost.

3. I don’t know why, but I had this ... that someone was in the room with me.

4. ... alone tells us that his story could not possibly be true.

5. I know my aunt can be annoying, but this time I think she’s talking ... .

6. The street was silent except for the ... burst of laughter from one of the workmen.

7. The country ... heavily on its tourist trade.

8. The price of a shirt ... the amount of material and labour involved in making it.

9. Our neighbour said that if we made more noise he would ... to the police.

10. The government has got to do something about the high ... of living.

11. The holiday ... $600 per person, including hotel accommodation, meals and transport.

12. His jokes about the President’s illness were in poor ... .

13. Whatever she wears, you can be sure it will be in good ..., and just right for the ... .

14. It was an ugly room with ... decorations and shabby furniture.

15. All day the airline’s switchboard has been jammed with ... from angry travelers about flight delays.

16. Unless sales increase dramatically, the advertising campaign will have been a ... and ... exercise.

17. An organization has been set up to ... children whose parents are getting divorced.

18. On numerous ... he had ... artistic exhibitions with his own money.

2. Paraphrase the following, using words and word combinations from Active Vocabulary.

1. You should have had good practical understanding and judgment to turn off the electricity supply before disconnecting the wires.

2. The incident left me with a feeling that I am helpless at all.

3. No matter how hard I tried to read it, the sentence didn’t produce any clear meaning.

4. It was very reasonable of you to bring your umbrella.

5. She is not in the habit of wasting money. (Change the whole structure)

6. Don’t ask me what to do – use your ability to make practical decisions.

7. This is hardly a suitable time for a family argument.

8. You can’t have confidence in John – he nearly always arrives late.

9. He said that the room was too hot in an unhappy, dissatisfied way.

10. As I know from my own unpleasant experience when I was ill in New York, you should always take out medical insurance before you go abroad.

11. What kind of music do you like? (Change the structure)

12. Their house has not been decorated in a way I like, but it is very luxurious.

13. He lives in San Francisco now, so we only see him sometimes, not regularly.

14. The relatives are not allowed to visit the prisoners regularly. (Start with: The prisoners are allowed ...)

15. You are the only person who can fly this plane, so we’re all relying on you.

16. I couldn’t have written this book without help and approval of my family and friends.

17. We'll be doing a lot of walking, you'd better bring some comfortable and strong shoes with you.

3. Translate into English using words and word combinations from Active Vocabulary.

1. Бессмысленно сердиться по поводу его отсутствия.

2. Какой смысл плыть морем, когда лететь самолетом стоит не дороже, а доберемся быстрее.

3. Она обладает хорошим деловым чутьем, поэтому дела компании пойдут хорошо в ее руках.

4. Имеет смысл позаботиться о своем здоровье.

5. Церемония открытия Олимпиады 1992 года была памятным событием.

6. Открытие новой школы – всегда большое событие.

7. Я ношу галстуки только по особым случаям.

8. Она иногда делает ошибки, но чувство меры у нее присутствует.

9. Эта страна находится в большой зависимости от иностранной помощи.

10. Инфляция растет и снижается в зависимости от состояния экономики.

11. Вечно она жалуется.

12. Ученики составили список жалоб по поводу школьных завтраков.

13. Продажа дома может оказаться дорогим и хлопотным делом.

14. Я простудился и я не чувствую вкус еды.

15. У этих апельсинов чудесный вкус. (Use the verb in the translation).

16. Наше чувство вкуса тесно связано с чувством обоняния.

17. Они всегда отзывчивы на доброту и сочувствие.

18. Я был почти без чувств от страха.

19. У меня не было возможности поговорить с ними.

20. Моим родителям не нужно было меня содержать , когда я учился в колледже, так как я получил стипендию (grant).

21. Мнение о том, что женщины водят машину хуже, чем мужчины, не подтверждается фактами.

22. На работе должен был состояться вечер, и Мери сшила новое платье по этому случаю.

4. Make up situations according to the Model: say what there is no sense in doing and why.

Model: There is no sense in spending too much on baby clothes – they grow out of them so quickly.

• go back to work before the doctor advised

• wait for the train

• make fuss about the broken plates

• try to escape from prison

• talk to smb about art and sculpture

• water the lawn

• complain about students’ behaviour

5. Translate a newspaper interview titled the battle of the sexes

А: Так как американские женщины более зависимы от мужчин, они и не пытаются командовать в семье, не так ли?

С: Когда-то нас воспитывали, чтобы потом мы вышли замуж, стали женами и вырастили детей. Сегодня некоторые женщины также думают о карьере, но брак, по-прежнему, важен. Мы мечтаем о нашем дне свадьбы. Мы хотим, чтобы он был особым. И мы уверены, что наша замужняя жизнь тоже будет особой. И так как бессмысленно сравнивать наши возможности в карьерном росте с возможностями мужчины, именно они содержат нас и поэтому, мы не возражаем, если они принимают решения в семье.

А: Но, когда оба стараются быть независимыми, не разбивает ли это семью?

С: Развод зачастую находится в прямой зависимости от денежных проблем в семье.

А: Легко ли расторгнуть брак? Вы можете развестись с мужем, если вам наскучил ваш брак?

С: Да, если муж согласен. Но это стоит дорого и занимает почти год. Сначала вам нужно заплатить адвокатам, чтобы они составили документы. Нужно решить вопросы разделения собственности (the division of property) – кто получает дом, машину, получит ли жена материальное обеспечение, кто получит детей, и какое содержание будет назначено на детей.

А: А если муж не согласен?

С: Тогда вы идете в суд, но это может быть еще дороже и сложнее из-за всех разногласий.

А: Чью сторону занимают родственники со стороны мужа? Могут ли они послужить причиной развода?

С: Позиция родственников по большей части разумна. Они пытаются помочь как-то разрешить проблемы. Несмотря на их положительные старания семьи распадаются.

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