8. Translate these passages in writing:

a) There are many different types of switches and networks. Switches that provide a separate connection for each node in a company's internal network are called LAN switches. Essentially, a LAN switch creates a series of instant networks that contain only the two devices communicating with each other at that particular moment.

b) Information sent from a node travels along the backbone until it reaches its destination node. Each end of a bus network must be terminated with a resistor to keep the signal that is sent by a node across the network from bouncing back when it reaches the end of the cable.

c) In a ring network, each node takes a turn sending and receiving information through the use of a token. The token, along with any data, is sent from the first node to the second node, which extracts the data addressed to it and adds any data it wishes to send.

9. Answer the following questions using the information from parts 1, 2 and 3 of the text.

1. What elements does a typical network consist of? 2. What are the functions of switches? 3. What is a LAN switch? 4. What is a segment? 5. What can you say about the backbone of a network? 6. What is the difference between LAN and WAN? 7. Through what equipment is every computer connected to a network? 8. What is the physical address of any device on the network? How long is it? 9. What do the terms “unicast”, “multicast” and “broadcast” mean? 10. What are the most common topologies in use today? 11. Please, describe a bus topology. 12. What can you say about a ring topology? 13. Could you tell some words about star topology? 14. What does a star bus topology combine?

10. Decide whether the following statements are true (t) or false (f) in the relation to the information in parts 1, 2 and 3 of the text. If you think a statement is false, change it to make it true.

1.	□	A typical network consists of nodes, a connecting medium and specialized network equipment like routers or hubs.
2.	□	Switches are unimportant part of any networks because they slow things down.
3.	□	LAN switches provide a separate connection for each node in a company`s internal network.
4.	□	The backbone is not the main cabling of a network that two or three nodes connect to.
5.	□	Topology is the specification of a switch used on the network.
6.	□	Every computer (and most other devices) is connected to a network through a USB.
7.	□	The MAC address, which is made up of two equal parts, is 6 bytes long.
8.	□	Multicast is a transmission from one node addressed to all other nodes on the network.
9.	□	In a bus network, information sent from a node travels along the backbone until it reaches its destination.
10.	□	In a star network, a hub performs all types of filtering and routing of traffic.

11. Make summary of parts 1, 2 and 3 of the text.

12. Open the brackets, putting the verbs in the correct tense-aspect form. Be careful with non-finite forms.

a) Give synonyms to the words in bold type.

b) Single out the main points of this text and sum up its content.