- •In every school system there are pupils who deviate from so-called "normal children" and require special education.
- •In this way all abnormal children are given the opportunity to develop, study, acquire a trade and become adapted to social living.
- •Speech development
- •The classification of hearing losses
- •Simultaneous method.
- •It is important to speak natural and with careful enunciation.
Speech development
A child with normal hearing begins to speak in one word sentence, then he goes on to phrases and later to very simple sentences. He acquires mastery of speech during this development.
A deaf child must have a great deal of practice. These children must have constant drills, otherwise they seem to acquire the characteristic monotone of voice so prevalent in the congenitally deaf child.
The word-pairs for contrast feeling are useful with deaf children.
Girls acquire language faster than boys.
Most teachers not only promote the communication needed for carrying on the academic work of the classroom, but they also promote those oral language activities that give the children creative experiences. This includes dramatic, oral reading, telling of stories.
Dramatic reading is valuable in several ways:
1. The child learns to accept responsibility for membership in a group.
2. His ability to produce a work of thought and imagination increase.
3. But what is perhaps most important creative dramatic helps the child to develop emotionality.
I. TERMS AND WORD COMBINATIONS:
to develop; speech development; to hear; congenital; congenitally deaf children; to promote; oral language activities; dramatic; emotionality; valuable.
II. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
1. How does speech development of a child with normal hearing begin?
2. Why must deaf children have constant speech drills?
3. What do oral language activities include?
4. Why is dramatic especially valuable?
III. SPEAK ON:
1. Different stages of speech development.
2. The problem of speech development with deaf children.
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THE HEARING MECHANISM
The hearing mechanism consists of 3 parts : 1)the outer; 2)middle and 3) inner ear chambers.
Deafness is typed by the doctors according to the part of the mechanism involved.
Air conduction deafness means that the outer and middle ear chambers are not functioning normally, whereas perceptive or nerve deafness indicates that the cochlear section (inner ear) is at fault.
There are two mechanisms to be considered in the physiology of hearings
The sound conducting mechanism;
The sound perceiving mechanism.
The outer ear mechanism consists of the auricle and the external auditory canal. The auricle reflects the sound waves into the auditory canal.
One of the most difficult problems is that of abnormality of development of the auricle and the external ear canal. In complete absence of the ear canal there is about 50 db hearing loss.
The middle ear is air filled, and connected with the throat by the Eustachian tube. Its purpose is to provide ventilations and drainage for the middle ear and to equalize air pressure on both sides of the drum.
When we yawn or swallow, the Bustachian tube opens and the air pressure on both sides of the drum is equalized again.
There are 3 bones in the middle ears the hammer, the anvil, the stirrup. They serve as a protection against damage to the ear from very loud sounds.
I. TERMS AND WORD COMBINATIONS:
hearing mechanism; consist (of); outer ear chamber; middle ear chamber; inner ear chamber; deafness; involve; air conduction deafness; mean; function; perceptive (nerve) deafness; indicate; cochlear section; consider; physiology of hearing; sound conducting mechanism; sound perceiving mechanism; auricle membrane; ear drum; sound waves; perform; external auditory canal; reflect; hearing loss; fill; connect; throat; Eustachian tube; provide; ventilations; drainage; equalize; air pressure; yawn; swallow; bone; hammer; anvil; stirrup; serve; damage.
II. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
1. How many parts does the hearing mechanism consist of?
What are they?
2. What does air conduction deafness mean?
3. What does perceptive deafness indicate?
4. What does the outer ear mechanism consist of?
5. What is the middle ear filled with?
6. What is the middle ear connected with the throat by?
7. What bones are there in the middle ear?
8. What do three bones serve against?
9. What does the inner ear consist of?
10. What is the inner ear filled with?
11. What is the function of the middle ear?
12. What is loss of hearing commonly caused by?
III. SPEAK ON:
1. Different types of deafness and the role of the hearing mechanism in it.
2. Parts of the hearing mechanism and their function.
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