- •English For it Students
- •Предисловие
- •Vocabulary:
- •Central Processing Unit (cpu)
- •Vocabulary:
- •Unit 2. Programming
- •Creating Computer Programs
- •Vocabulary:
- •Structured and Object-Oriented Programming
- •Vocabulary:
- •Unit 3. Databases Text 7 Databases and Database Management Systems
- •Database Structures
- •Unit 4. Networks
- •Network Structures
- •Vocabulary:
- •A(an) __________ is a way to connect computers so that they can communicate, exchange information, and share resources in real time.
- •Network Topologies
- •Internet
- •Vocabulary:
- •Unit 5. Information Systems
- •Building Information Systems
- •Vocabulary:
- •Part II
- •Unit 1. Computers around Us
- •Importance of Computer Literacy
- •Shapes of Computers Today
- •Technical Documentation
- •Types of Documentation
- •Computing Issues That Affect Us All Computer Crime
- •Computer Viruses
- •Unit 2. Input, Output, Storage Devices
- •The Mouse
- •Variants of the Mouse
- •Alternative Methods of Input Devices for the Hand
- •Optical Input Devices
- •Audiovisual Input Devices
- •Monitors and Sound Systems Monitors
- •Pc Projectors
- •Sound Systems
- •Printers
- •Types of Storage Devices
- •Magnetic Storage Devices
- •Unit 3. Operating System
- •Types of Operating Systems
- •Windows xp
- •Brief History of Linux
- •Unit 4. Application Software
- •Word Processing Software
- •Desktop Publishing Software
- •Spreadsheet Software
- •Database Management System
- •Presentation Programs
- •Managing the Small or Home Office
- •Working With Images Computer Platforms Used for Graphics
- •Types of Graphics Files
- •Getting Images Into Your Computer
- •Graphics Software
- •Digital Photography
- •Photography the Old Way
- •Multimedia
- •Creating and Distributing New Media Content
- •Technologies That Support New Media
- •Distributing New Media Content
- •Virtual Reality
- •Uses for Virtual Reality
- •Vr Hardware and Software
- •Pc As an Entertainment Center
- •Utility Software
- •Unit 5. Processor and Memory cpUs Used in Personal Computers
- •Universal Serial Bus (usb)
- •Musical Computers
- •Flash Memory and Cache Memory Flash Memory
- •Cache Memory
- •Memory and Computing Power
- •Unit 6. Programming
- •Visual Programming
- •Fourth-generation Programming Languages
- •Artificial Intelligence
- •Some Examples of ai Techniques
- •Building an Artificial Brain
- •Unit 7. Networks and the Internet Networking at Home and Around the World Data Communications Over Standard Telephone Lines
- •Networks in the Home
- •Isdn, t1, and t3
- •Dsl Technologies
- •Avoiding a Tangled Mess
- •From the History of the Internet
- •Getting Online, Working Online Accessing the Internet
- •Connecting a pc to the Internet
- •Commerce on the World Wide Web
- •Getting Published on the Internet
- •Minding Your Manners Online
- •Graphics Piracy on the Internet
- •Ignorance Is No Excuse
- •Staying Out of Trouble
- •Freebies on the Web
- •Personal Web Pages
- •Unit 8. Information Security Protecting Your Online Privacy
- •Macro Viruses
- •Viruses That Do Not Require Attachments
- •Protecting Yourself
- •Vocabulary
- •Литература:
- •Содержание Part I Computer Basics
The Mouse
The mouse is a pointing device that lets you control the position of a graphical pointer on the screen without using the keyboard. Using the mouse involves five techniques: pointing, clicking, double-clicking, dragging, and right-clicking.
Variants of the Mouse
A trackball is like a mouse turned upside-down. It provides the functionality of a mouse – but takes less space on the desktop.
A trackpad is a touch-sensitive pad that may be built into the keyboard or added to the PC as a separate unit. It provides the same functionality as a mouse. To use a trackpad, you glide your finger across its surface.
Many notebook computers provide a joystick-like pointing device built into the keyboard. You control the pointer by moving the joystick. On IBM systems, this device is called a TrackPoint. Generically, it is called an integrated pointing device.
Brief History of the Mouse
The mouse's history actually goes back to the early 1960s and a group of scientists and engineers at the Stanford Research Institute (SRI) in California. One of those scientists – Doug Engelbart – part of a team charged with developing ways to "augment human intellect." Specifically, Engelbart's group was looking for ways to use computer systems to help people solve complex problems.
In his vision of this problem-solving system, Engelbart saw the need for a device that would enable the computer user to input data more efficiently than could be done using other standard input devices of the time, such as keyboards, light pens, and joysticks. With funding from NASA, Engelbart's team developed a series of simple tests to determine which input device enabled users to move a cursor around the screen in the least amount of time and with the least effort. In those tests, all the other devices were outdone by a simple wooden gadget – the mouse – that Engelbart had created with fellow scientist Bill English.
The first mouse was a small wooden box. Rather than the hard rubber ball used in modern mice, Engelbart's mouse actually used two small wheels, placed perpendicular to one another on the mouse's underside. The user could move the mouse only up and down or side to side (moving diagonally was a problem), but the device worked well nonetheless and served as a prototype for the mouse we know today.
The mouse was not noticed immediately by industry titans. In fact, few people, including leaders at SRI and Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), saw the mouse's value. Many did not see much of a future for computers in general, except for use by the military and some large businesses.
This lack of vision, however, did not stop (or even slow) the visionary Engelbart. Throughout his career, he has described or developed technology that was considered to be ahead of its time. His discoveries and inventions in the fields of networking, hypertext, user interface technologies, and other computing disciplines continue to affect everyday computer users. Although the mouse did not make him rich, it helped launch one of the most brilliant and innovative careers in the history of computing science.