- •Table of Contents
- •Cisco Switching Black Book
- •Introduction
- •Overview
- •Is This Book for You?
- •How to Use This Book
- •The Black Book Philosophy
- •Chapter 1: Network Switching Fundamentals
- •In Depth
- •Physical Media and Switching Types
- •A Bit of History
- •Networking Architectures
- •The Pieces of Technology
- •Repeaters
- •Hubs
- •Bridges
- •Routers
- •Switches
- •Network Design
- •Collision Domains
- •Broadcast Domains
- •Why Upgrade to Switches?
- •Switched Forwarding
- •Switched Network Bottlenecks
- •The Rule of the Network Road
- •Switched Ethernet Innovations
- •Fast Ethernet
- •Gigabit Ethernet
- •The Cisco IOS
- •Connecting to the Switch
- •Powering Up the Switch
- •The Challenges
- •Entering and Exiting Privileged EXEC Mode
- •Entering and Exiting Global Configuration Mode
- •Entering and Exiting Interface Configuration Mode
- •Entering and Exiting Subinterface Configuration Mode
- •Saving Configuration Changes
- •Chapter 2: Basic Switch Configuration
- •In Depth
- •Campus Hierarchical Switching Model
- •Access Layer
- •Distribution Layer
- •Core Layer
- •Remote Network Monitoring
- •Connecting to the Console Port
- •Console Cable Pinouts
- •Console Connectors
- •Switch IOSs
- •The IOS Configuration Modes
- •Limiting Telnet Access
- •Implementing Privilege Levels
- •Setting the Login Passwords
- •Setting Privilege Levels
- •Assigning Allowable Commands
- •Configuring the Hostname
- •Configuring the Date and Time
- •Configuring an IP Address and Netmask
- •Configuring a Default Route and Gateway
- •Configuring Port Speed and Duplex
- •Enabling SNMP Contact
- •Logging On to a Switch
- •Setting the Login and Enable Passwords
- •Changing the Console Prompt
- •Entering a Contact Name and Location Information
- •Configuring System and Time Information
- •Configuring an IP Address and Netmask
- •Configuring a Default Route and Gateway
- •Viewing the Default Routes
- •Configuring Port Speed and Duplex
- •Enabling SNMP
- •Configuring Trap Message Targets
- •Configuring the Console Port
- •Configuring Telnet
- •Configuring the Password
- •Configuring an IP Address and Default Gateway
- •Configuring SNMP
- •Configuring ROM
- •Entering ROM Configuration Mode
- •Booting ROM Mode from a Flash Device
- •Configuring SNMP
- •Configuring RMON
- •Using Set/Clear Command Set Recall Key Sequences
- •Chapter 3: WAN Switching
- •In Depth
- •WAN Transmission Media
- •Synchronous Transport Signal (STS)
- •Cisco WAN Switches
- •MGX 8200 Series
- •IGX 8400 Series
- •WAN Switch Hardware Overview
- •Cisco WAN Switch Network Topologies
- •Network Management
- •WAN Manager
- •Accessing and Setting Up IGX and BPX Switches
- •Adding New Users
- •Using the History Command
- •Displaying a Summary of All Card Modules
- •Displaying Detailed Information for a Card Module
- •Displaying the Power and Temperature of a Switch
- •Displaying the ASM Statistics for BPX
- •Configuring the ASM Setting for BPX
- •Logging Out
- •Resetting the Switch
- •Displaying Other Switches
- •Setting the Switch Name
- •Setting the Time Zone
- •Configuring the Time and Date
- •Configuring the Control and Auxiliary Ports
- •Modifying the Functions of the Control and Auxiliary Ports
- •Configuring the Printing Function
- •Configuring the LAN Interface
- •Accessing the MGX 8850 and 8220
- •Adding New Users
- •Changing Passwords
- •Assigning a Switch Hostname
- •Displaying a Summary of All Modules
- •Displaying Detailed Information for the Current Card
- •Changing the Time and Date
- •Displaying the Configuration of the Maintenance and Control Ports
- •Displaying the IP Address
- •Configuring the IP Interface
- •Displaying the Alarm Level of the Switch
- •Chapter 4: LAN Switch Architectures
- •In Depth
- •The Catalyst Crescendo Architecture
- •ASICs
- •The Crescendo Processors
- •Crescendo Logic Units
- •Other Cisco Switch Processors, Buses, ASICs, and Logic Units
- •AXIS Bus
- •CEF ASIC
- •Phoenix ASIC
- •SAGE ASIC
- •QTP ASIC
- •QMAC
- •Bridging Types
- •Source Route Bridging
- •Source Route Transparent Bridging
- •Source Route Translational Bridging
- •Transparent Bridging
- •Source Route Switching
- •Switching Paths
- •Process Switching
- •Fast Switching
- •Autonomous Switching
- •Silicon Switching
- •Optimum Switching
- •Distributed Switching
- •NetFlow Switching
- •System Message Logging
- •Loading an Image on the Supervisor Engine III
- •Booting the Supervisor Engine III from Flash
- •Setting the Boot Configuration Register
- •Configuring Cisco Express Forwarding
- •Enabling CEF
- •Disabling CEF
- •Enabling dCEF
- •Disabling dCEF
- •Disabling CEF on an Individual Interface
- •Configuring CEF Load Balancing
- •Disabling CEF Load Balancing
- •Enabling Network Accounting for CEF
- •Setting Network Accounting for CEF to Collect Packet Numbers
- •Viewing Network Accounting for CEF Statistics
- •Viewing the Adjacency Table on the 8500 GSR
- •Clearing the Adjacency Table on the 8500 GSR
- •Clearing the Server Logging Table
- •Disabling Server Logging
- •Displaying the Logging Configuration
- •Displaying System Logging Messages
- •Chapter 5: Virtual Local Area Networks
- •In Depth
- •The Flat Network of Yesterday
- •Why Use VLANs?
- •VLAN Basics
- •A Properly Switched Network
- •Switched Internetwork Security
- •Scaling with VLANs
- •VLAN Boundaries
- •VLAN Membership Types
- •Traffic Patterns Flowing through the Network
- •VLAN Trunking
- •Trunk Types
- •LAN Emulation (LANE)
- •VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)
- •VTP Versions
- •VTP Advertisements
- •VTP Switch Modes
- •Methods for VLAN Identification
- •Dynamic Trunking Protocol
- •InterVLAN Routing
- •Internal Route Processors
- •How InterVLAN Routing Works
- •Configuring a Static VLAN on a Catalyst 5000 Series Switch
- •Configuring Multiple VLANs on a Catalyst 5000 Series Switch
- •Creating VLANs on a Catalyst 1900EN Series
- •Assigning a Static VLAN to an Interface on a 1900EN Series
- •Viewing the VLAN Configuration on a 1900 Series
- •Viewing an Individual VLAN Configuration on a 1900 Series
- •Configuring a Trunk Port on a Cisco 5000 Series
- •Mapping VLANs to a Trunk Port
- •Configuring a Trunk Port on a Cisco 1900EN Series
- •Clearing VLANs from Trunk Links on a Cisco 5000 Series
- •Clearing VLANs from Trunk Links on a Cisco 1900EN Series
- •Verifying a Trunk Link Configuration on a 5000 Series
- •Verifying a Trunk Link Configuration on a 1900EN Series
- •Configuring the VTP Version on a Catalyst 5000 Switch
- •Configuring a VTP Domain on a Catalyst 1900 Switch
- •Setting a VTP Domain Password on a Catalyst Switch
- •Configuring a Catalyst 1900 Switch as a VTP Server
- •Configuring a Catalyst 1900 Switch as a VTP Client
- •Configuring a Catalyst 1900 Switch for Transparent Mode
- •Configuring VTP Pruning on a Catalyst 1900 Switch
- •Configuring VTP on a Set/Clear CLI Switch
- •Configuring VTP on a 1900 Cisco IOS CLI Switch
- •Verifying the VTP Configuration on a Set/Clear CLI
- •Displaying VTP Statistics
- •Configuring VTP Pruning on a Set/Clear CLI Switch
- •Disabling Pruning for Unwanted VLANs
- •Configuring IP InterVLAN Routing on an External Cisco Router
- •Configuring IPX InterVLAN Routing on an External Router
- •In Depth
- •Internal Route Processors
- •Available Route Processors
- •Routing Protocol Assignment
- •Supervisor Engine Modules
- •Supervisor Engines I and II
- •Supervisor Engine III
- •Using the Supervisor Engine
- •Etherport Modules
- •Port Security
- •Manually Configured MAC Addresses
- •Determining the Slot Number in Which a Module Resides
- •Accessing the Internal Route Processor from the Switch
- •Configuring a Hostname on the RSM
- •Assigning an IP Address and Encapsulation Type to an Ethernet Interface
- •Setting the Port Speed and Port Name on an Ethernet Interface
- •Configuring a Default Gateway on a Catalyst 5000
- •Verifying the IP Configuration on a Catalyst 5000
- •Enabling RIP on an RSM
- •Configuring InterVLAN Routing on an RSM
- •Configuring IPX InterVLAN Routing on the RSM
- •Configuring AppleTalk InterVLAN Routing on an RSM
- •Viewing the RSM Configuration
- •Assigning a MAC Address to a VLAN
- •Viewing the MAC Addresses
- •Configuring Filtering on an Ethernet Interface
- •Configuring Port Security on an Ethernet Module
- •Clearing MAC Addresses
- •Configuring the Catalyst 5000 Supervisor Engine Module
- •Changing the Management VLAN on a Supervisor Engine
- •Viewing the Supervisor Engine Configuration
- •Configuring the Cisco 2621 External Router for ISL Trunking
- •Configuring Redundancy Using HSRP
- •Chapter 7: IP Multicast
- •In Depth
- •IP Multicasting Overview
- •Broadcast
- •Unicast
- •Multicast
- •IP Multicasting Addresses
- •The Multicast IP Structure
- •Delivery of Multicast Datagrams
- •Multicast Distribution Tree
- •Multicast Forwarding
- •IGMP Protocols
- •Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)
- •IGMPv1
- •IGMPv2
- •Time to Live
- •Multicast at Layer 2
- •IGMP Snooping
- •Cisco Group Management Protocol
- •Router Group Management Protocol
- •GARP Multicast Registration Protocol
- •Configuring IP Multicast Routing
- •Disabling IP Multicast Routing
- •Enabling PIM on an Interface
- •Disabling PIM on an Interface
- •Configuring the Rendezvous Point
- •Adding a Router to a Multicast Group
- •Configuring a Router to Be a Static Multicast Group Member
- •Restricting Access to a Multicast Group
- •Changing the IGMP Version
- •Configuring Multicast Groups
- •Removing Multicast Groups
- •Configuring Multicast Router Ports
- •Displaying Multicast Routers
- •Removing the Multicast Router
- •Configuring IGMP Snooping
- •Disabling IGMP Snooping
- •Displaying IGMP Statistics
- •Displaying Multicast Routers Learned from IGMP
- •Displaying IGMP Multicast Groups
- •Configuring CGMP
- •Disabling CGMP
- •Displaying CGMP Statistics
- •Configuring RGMP on the Switch
- •Disabling RGMP on the Switch
- •Configuring RGMP on the Router
- •Disabling RGMP on the Router
- •Displaying RGMP Groups
- •Displaying RGMP VLAN Statistics
- •Configuring GMRP
- •Disabling GMRP
- •Enabling GMRP on Individual Ports
- •Disabling GMRP on Individual Ports
- •Configuring GMRP Registration
- •Displaying the GMRP Configuration
- •Setting GMRP Timers
- •Displaying GMRP Timers
- •Disabling Multicast Suppression
- •Chapter 8: WAN Cell Switching
- •In Depth
- •ATM Overview
- •LANE
- •ATM Protocols
- •ATM Circuit Switching
- •ATM Cells
- •The ATM Switch and ATM Endpoints
- •The ATM Reference Model
- •Specifying ATM Connections
- •ATM Addressing
- •Local Area Network Emulation (LANE)
- •LANE Components
- •Integrated Local Management Interface (ILMI)
- •LANE Communication
- •LANE Configuration Guidelines
- •How LANE Works
- •Implementing LANE
- •Configuring ATM on the 5000 Switch
- •Connecting in an ATM Network
- •Monitoring and Maintaining LANE
- •Accessing the ATM LANE Module
- •Displaying the Selector Field
- •Configuring the LES/BUS
- •Verifying the LES/BUS Configuration
- •Configuring a LEC for an ELAN
- •Verifying a LEC Configuration on an ELAN
- •Configuring the LECS
- •Viewing the LANE Database
- •Binding the LECS Address to an Interface
- •Verifying the LECS Configuration
- •Chapter 9: LightStream Switches
- •In Depth
- •LightStream 100
- •LightStream 1010
- •LightStream 2020
- •Neighborhood Discovery Function
- •Virtual Path Connections
- •LightStream Troubleshooting Tools
- •LightStream Boot Process
- •Supported Troubleshooting Protocols
- •Snooping Mechanisms
- •Multiprotocol Over ATM
- •Configuring the Hostname
- •Configuring an Enable Password
- •Configuring the Processor Card Ethernet Interface
- •Configuring Virtual Private Tunnels
- •Verifying an ATM Interface Connection Status
- •Viewing the Configured Virtual Connections
- •Configuring the LECS ATM Address on a LightStream 1010 Switch
- •Configuring the Advertised LECS Address
- •Viewing the LANE Configuration
- •Viewing the Installed Modules
- •Configuring the MPC
- •Configuring the MPS
- •Changing the MPS Variables
- •Monitoring the MPS
- •Enabling ILMI Autoconfiguration
- •Configuring LANE on a LightStream 1010
- •Powering on the LightStream 100 ATM Switch
- •Configuring the LS100 Switch
- •Recovering a Lost Password
- •Chapter 10: Layer 2 Redundant Links
- •In Depth
- •Layer 2 Switching Overview
- •Frames
- •Broadcast and Multicast Frames
- •Unknown Unicasts
- •Layer 2 Network Loops
- •Danger! Data Loops!
- •STP Root Bridges
- •Bridge Protocol Data Units
- •Root Bridge Selection
- •Spanning Tree Convergence Time
- •STP Port States
- •EtherChannel
- •Link Failure
- •Port Aggregation Protocol
- •Fast Convergence Components of STP
- •PortFast
- •UplinkFast
- •BackboneFast
- •Viewing the STP Configuration on a Command Line Switch
- •Configuring the STP Root Switch
- •Configuring the STP Secondary Root Switch
- •Verifying the VLAN Priority Settings
- •Preparing to Enable EtherChannel
- •Verifying the EtherChannel Configuration
- •Defining an EtherChannel Administrative Group
- •Viewing an EtherChannel Administrative Group
- •Identifying the Template Port
- •Verifying the EtherChannel Configuration on a Command Line Interface IOS
- •Verifying the PortFast Configuration
- •Verifying the UplinkFast Configuration
- •Viewing the BackboneFast Configuration
- •Chapter 11: Multilayer Switching
- •In Depth
- •How MLS Works
- •MLS Components
- •MLS Flows
- •Access List Flow Masks
- •MLS Troubleshooting Notes
- •Configuring MLS
- •MLS Cache
- •Aging Timers
- •VLAN ID
- •VTP Domain
- •Management Interfaces
- •Configuring an External MLS Route Processor
- •Assigning a VLAN ID
- •Adding an MLS Interface to a VTP Domain
- •Enabling MLS on an Individual Interface
- •Disabling MLS on an External Router Interface
- •Configuring the MLS Switch Engine
- •Disabling MLS on a Catalyst 6000
- •Disabling MLS on a Catalyst 5000
- •Configuring the MLS Cache on the Catalyst 5000
- •Configuring Fast Aging on a Catalyst 5000
- •Configuring Fast Aging on a Catalyst 6000
- •Disabling Fast Aging on a Catalyst 6000
- •Configuring Long Aging on the Catalyst 6000
- •Disabling Long Aging on the Catalyst 6000
- •Configuring Normal Aging on the Catalyst 6000
- •Disabling Normal Aging on the Catalyst 6000
- •Assigning MLS Management to an Interface on the Catalyst 5000
- •Disabling MLS Management on an Interface on the Catalyst 5000
- •Monitoring and Viewing the MLS Configuration
- •Viewing the MLS Aging Configuration on a Catalyst 6000
- •Displaying the IP MLS Configuration
- •Displaying MLS VTP Domain Information
- •Viewing the MLS VLAN Interface Information
- •Viewing MLS Statistics on the Catalyst 5000
- •Viewing MLS Statistics on the Catalyst 6000
- •Viewing MLS Entries
- •Chapter 12: Hot Standby Routing Protocol
- •In Depth
- •Routing Problems
- •Routing Information Protocol
- •Proxy ARP
- •ICMP Router Discovery Protocol
- •The Solution
- •HSRP Message Format
- •The HSRP States
- •HSRP Configuration
- •HSRP Interface Tracking
- •Opening a Session on an Internal Route Processor
- •Entering Configuration Mode on an RSM
- •Enabling HSRP and Assigning an IP Address to a Standby Group
- •Assigning an HSRP Interface Priority
- •Assigning a Preempt Delay to a Standby Group
- •Removing a Preempt Delay from a Standby Group
- •Setting the HSRP Hello and Hold Timers
- •Removing the HSRP Hello and Hold Timers
- •Configuring Two RSFC Interfaces as One HSRP Group
- •Enabling Interface Tracking
- •Using the show standby Command
- •Using the debug Command
- •Chapter 13: Policy Networking
- •In Depth
- •Access Security Policies
- •Core Layer Policies
- •Distribution Layer Policies
- •Security at the Access Layer
- •Configuring Passwords
- •Limiting Telnet Access
- •Implementing Privilege Levels
- •Configuring Banner Messages
- •Physical Device Security
- •Port Security
- •VLAN Management
- •Creating a Standard Access List
- •Creating an Extended Access List
- •Implementing Privilege Levels on a 1900EN
- •Configuring Banner Messages
- •Enabling HTTP Access
- •Enabling Port Security
- •Displaying the MAC Address Table
- •Chapter 14: Web Management
- •In Depth
- •Standard and Enterprise Edition CVSM
- •CVSM Client Requirements
- •CVSM Access Levels
- •CVSM Default Home Page
- •The Switch Image
- •Configuring the Switch with an IP Address and Setting the Default Web Administration Port
- •Connecting to the Web Management Console
- •Configuring the Switch Port Analyzer
- •Chapter 15: The Standard Edition IOS
- •In Depth
- •The 1900 and 2820 Series Switches
- •Main Menu Choices
- •[C] Console Settings
- •[A] Port Addressing
- •[R] Multicast Registration
- •Configuring Network Settings on the 1900 and 2820 Series
- •Configuring Broadcast Storm Control on Switch Ports
- •Configuring SNMP on the 1900 Series
- •Configuring Port Monitoring on the Standard Edition IOS
- •Configuring VLANs on the Standard Edition IOS
- •Configuring Spanning Tree Protocol
- •Chapter 16: Switch Troubleshooting
- •In Depth
- •Hardware Troubleshooting
- •No Power
- •POST
- •Indicator Lights
- •Switch Cabling
- •Cable Problems
- •Switch Troubleshooting Tools
- •CiscoWorks for Switched Internetworks
- •IOS Software Troubleshooting Commands
- •Viewing the Set/Clear IOS Configuration
- •Viewing the VTP Domain Configuration on a Set/Clear IOS
- •Viewing Port Statistics on a Set/Clear IOS
- •Launching the Diagnostic Console on a Cisco 1900 or 2820 Series Switch
- •Using the Diagnostic Console to Upgrade the Firmware on a Cisco 1900 or 2820 Series Switch
- •Using the Diagnostic Console for Debugging the Firmware and Hardware
- •Appendix A: Study Resources
- •Books
- •Cisco Group Study and Users Groups
- •Online Resources
- •Asynchronous Transfer Mode
- •Cisco IOS
- •Hot Standby Router Protocol
- •IP Multicast
- •Multilayer Switching
- •Quality of Service
- •Spanning Tree Protocol
- •TACACS+
- •VLANs
- •Standards Organizations
- •Cisco Job Search Sites
- •Overview
- •Appendix C: The Cisco Consultant
- •Overview
- •Establishing Credibility
- •Come Off As an Expert
- •Designing a Solution
- •Estimating the Cost
- •Presenting the Final Proposal and Creating Expectations
- •Contracting
- •Document, Document, Document
- •The Way to Fail
- •Failing to Be There When Promised, or Rushing through the Job
- •Failing to Manage Your Time
- •Assuming You Know What the Customer Needs
- •Failing to Take Responsibility
- •Conclusion
- •Required Equipment
- •Lab Objectives
- •Possible Solution
- •The 1912 Basic Configuration
- •The Catalyst 5000 Basic Configuration
- •Configuring the Cisco 2621 Interface for ISL Trunking
- •Appendix E: Switch Features
- •Access Layer Switches
- •Cisco Catalyst 1900
- •Cisco Catalyst 2820
- •Cisco Catalyst 2900
- •Cisco Catalyst 3000
- •Cisco Catalyst 3500 Series XL
- •Cisco Catalyst 3900 Series
- •Distribution Layer Switches
- •Cisco Catalyst 4000 Series
- •Catalyst 5000 Series
- •Catalyst 6000 Series
- •Core Layer/WAN Switches
- •Cisco Catalyst 8400 Series
- •Cisco Catalyst 8500 Series
- •BPX 8600 Series
- •MGX 8800 Series
- •12000 Series Gigabit Switch Routers
Table of Contents |
|
Cisco Switching Black Book............................................................................................................................... |
1 |
Introduction......................................................................................................................................................... |
4 |
Overview.................................................................................................................................................. |
4 |
Is This Book for You?.............................................................................................................................. |
4 |
How to Use This Book............................................................................................................................. |
4 |
The Black Book Philosophy.................................................................................................................... |
5 |
Chapter 1: Network Switching Fundamentals................................................................................................. |
6 |
In Depth................................................................................................................................................... |
6 |
Physical Media and Switching Types...................................................................................................... |
6 |
A Bit of History....................................................................................................................................... |
7 |
Networking Architectures................................................................................................................. |
7 |
The Pieces of Technology........................................................................................................................ |
9 |
Repeaters......................................................................................................................................... |
10 |
Hubs................................................................................................................................................. |
10 |
Bridges............................................................................................................................................. |
11 |
Routers............................................................................................................................................. |
13 |
Switches........................................................................................................................................... |
13 |
Network Design..................................................................................................................................... |
14 |
Collision Domains........................................................................................................................... |
15 |
Broadcast Domains.......................................................................................................................... |
16 |
Why Upgrade to Switches?............................................................................................................. |
16 |
Switched Forwarding...................................................................................................................... |
19 |
Switched Network Bottlenecks....................................................................................................... |
20 |
The Rule of the Network Road........................................................................................................ |
22 |
Switched Ethernet Innovations.............................................................................................................. |
23 |
Full−Duplex Ethernet...................................................................................................................... |
23 |
Fast Ethernet.................................................................................................................................... |
23 |
Gigabit Ethernet.............................................................................................................................. |
24 |
The Cisco IOS........................................................................................................................................ |
24 |
Connecting to the Switch................................................................................................................ |
25 |
Powering Up the Switch.................................................................................................................. |
25 |
The Challenges....................................................................................................................................... |
27 |
Today’s Trend........................................................................................................................................ |
27 |
Entering and Exiting Privileged EXEC Mode....................................................................................... |
28 |
Entering and Exiting Global Configuration Mode................................................................................. |
28 |
Entering and Exiting Interface Configuration Mode............................................................................. |
28 |
Entering and Exiting Subinterface Configuration Mode....................................................................... |
28 |
Saving Configuration Changes.............................................................................................................. |
29 |
Chapter 2: Basic Switch Configuration.......................................................................................................... |
30 |
In Depth................................................................................................................................................. |
30 |
Command−Line Interfaces.................................................................................................................... |
30 |
Campus Hierarchical Switching Model................................................................................................. |
31 |
Access Layer................................................................................................................................... |
32 |
Distribution Layer........................................................................................................................... |
32 |
Core Layer....................................................................................................................................... |
33 |
Remote Network Monitoring................................................................................................................. |
33 |
Connecting to the Console Port............................................................................................................. |
34 |
Console Cable Pinouts..................................................................................................................... |
35 |
Console Connectors......................................................................................................................... |
36 |
i
Table of Contents |
|
Chapter 2: Basic Switch Configuration |
|
The RJ−45−to−AUX Port Console Connector Pinouts................................................................... |
36 |
Switch IOSs........................................................................................................................................... |
38 |
The IOS Configuration Modes........................................................................................................ |
38 |
Limiting Telnet Access.......................................................................................................................... |
39 |
Implementing Privilege Levels.............................................................................................................. |
39 |
Configuring an IOS−Based CLI Switch................................................................................................ |
39 |
Setting the Login Passwords........................................................................................................... |
40 |
Setting Privilege Levels................................................................................................................... |
40 |
Assigning Allowable Commands.................................................................................................... |
40 |
Setting the Console Port Time−out Value....................................................................................... |
40 |
Configuring the Telnet Time−out Value......................................................................................... |
41 |
Configuring the Hostname.............................................................................................................. |
41 |
Configuring the Date and Time....................................................................................................... |
41 |
Configuring an IP Address and Netmask........................................................................................ |
41 |
Configuring a Default Route and Gateway..................................................................................... |
41 |
Configuring Port Speed and Duplex............................................................................................... |
42 |
Enabling SNMP Contact................................................................................................................. |
42 |
Configuring a Set/Clear−Based CLI Switch.......................................................................................... |
42 |
Logging On to a Switch................................................................................................................... |
42 |
Setting the Login and Enable Passwords........................................................................................ |
43 |
Changing the Console Prompt......................................................................................................... |
43 |
Entering a Contact Name and Location Information...................................................................... |
44 |
Configuring System and Time Information.................................................................................... |
44 |
Configuring an IP Address and Netmask........................................................................................ |
44 |
Configuring a Default Route and Gateway..................................................................................... |
45 |
Viewing the Default Routes............................................................................................................ |
45 |
Configuring Port Speed and Duplex............................................................................................... |
45 |
Enabling SNMP............................................................................................................................... |
46 |
Configuring Trap Message Targets................................................................................................. |
46 |
Configuring a Menu−Driven IOS.......................................................................................................... |
47 |
Configuring the Console Port.......................................................................................................... |
48 |
Configuring Telnet.......................................................................................................................... |
48 |
Configuring the Password............................................................................................................... |
48 |
Configuring an IP Address and Default Gateway........................................................................... |
48 |
Configuring SNMP.......................................................................................................................... |
49 |
Configuring ROM.................................................................................................................................. |
50 |
Entering ROM Configuration Mode............................................................................................... |
50 |
Booting ROM Mode from a Flash Device...................................................................................... |
50 |
Configuring SNMP.......................................................................................................................... |
51 |
Configuring RMON........................................................................................................................ |
51 |
Configuring RMON on a Set/Clear−Based Interface..................................................................... |
51 |
Using Set/Clear Command Set Recall Key Sequences.......................................................................... |
52 |
Using IOS−Based Command Editing Keys and Functions................................................................... |
52 |
Chapter 3: WAN Switching............................................................................................................................. |
54 |
In Depth................................................................................................................................................. |
54 |
WAN Transmission Media.................................................................................................................... |
55 |
Synchronous Transport Signal (STS).............................................................................................. |
56 |
Cisco WAN Switches............................................................................................................................ |
57 |
MGX 8200 Series............................................................................................................................ |
57 |
IGX 8400 Series.............................................................................................................................. |
58 |
ii
Table of Contents |
|
Chapter 3: WAN Switching |
|
BPX 8600 Series Wide−Area Switches.......................................................................................... |
58 |
MGX 8800 Series Wide−Area Edge Switches............................................................................... |
59 |
WAN Switch Hardware Overview........................................................................................................ |
59 |
Cisco WAN Switch Network Topologies.............................................................................................. |
60 |
Network Management............................................................................................................................ |
61 |
The CLI........................................................................................................................................... |
61 |
WAN Manager................................................................................................................................ |
61 |
Accessing and Setting Up IGX and BPX Switches............................................................................... |
62 |
Adding New Users.......................................................................................................................... |
62 |
Displaying a User’s Password......................................................................................................... |
62 |
Changing a User’s Password........................................................................................................... |
62 |
Using the History Command........................................................................................................... |
63 |
Displaying a Summary of All Card Modules.................................................................................. |
63 |
Displaying Detailed Information for a Card Module...................................................................... |
63 |
Displaying the Power and Temperature of a Switch....................................................................... |
63 |
Displaying the ASM Statistics for BPX.......................................................................................... |
63 |
Configuring the ASM Setting for BPX........................................................................................... |
63 |
Logging Out.................................................................................................................................... |
63 |
Resetting the Switch........................................................................................................................ |
63 |
Displaying Other Switches.............................................................................................................. |
64 |
Setting the Switch Name................................................................................................................. |
64 |
Setting the Time Zone..................................................................................................................... |
64 |
Configuring the Time and Date....................................................................................................... |
64 |
Configuring the Control and Auxiliary Ports.................................................................................. |
64 |
Modifying the Functions of the Control and Auxiliary Ports......................................................... |
64 |
Configuring the Printing Function.................................................................................................. |
64 |
Configuring the LAN Interface....................................................................................................... |
64 |
Accessing the MGX 8850 and 8220...................................................................................................... |
65 |
Adding New Users.......................................................................................................................... |
65 |
Changing Passwords........................................................................................................................ |
65 |
Assigning a Switch Hostname......................................................................................................... |
65 |
Displaying a Summary of All Modules........................................................................................... |
66 |
Displaying Detailed Information for the Current Card................................................................... |
66 |
Changing the Time and Date........................................................................................................... |
66 |
Displaying the Configuration of the Maintenance and Control Ports............................................. |
66 |
Displaying the IP Address............................................................................................................... |
66 |
Configuring the IP Interface............................................................................................................ |
67 |
Displaying the Alarm Level of the Switch...................................................................................... |
67 |
Chapter 4: LAN Switch Architectures............................................................................................................ |
68 |
In Depth................................................................................................................................................. |
68 |
The Catalyst Crescendo Architecture.................................................................................................... |
68 |
BUS................................................................................................................................................. |
68 |
ASICs.............................................................................................................................................. |
69 |
The Crescendo Processors............................................................................................................... |
71 |
Crescendo Logic Units.................................................................................................................... |
71 |
Other Cisco Switch Processors, Buses, ASICs, and Logic Units.......................................................... |
72 |
CAM................................................................................................................................................ |
72 |
AXIS Bus........................................................................................................................................ |
72 |
CEF ASIC........................................................................................................................................ |
73 |
Phoenix ASIC.................................................................................................................................. |
75 |
iii
Table of Contents |
|
Chapter 4: LAN Switch Architectures |
|
LCP.................................................................................................................................................. |
75 |
SAGE ASIC.................................................................................................................................... |
75 |
QTP ASIC....................................................................................................................................... |
75 |
QMAC............................................................................................................................................. |
76 |
Bridging Types...................................................................................................................................... |
76 |
Source Route Bridging.................................................................................................................... |
76 |
Source Route Transparent Bridging................................................................................................ |
77 |
Source Route Translational Bridging.............................................................................................. |
77 |
Transparent Bridging....................................................................................................................... |
77 |
Source Route Switching.................................................................................................................. |
77 |
Switching Paths...................................................................................................................................... |
78 |
Process Switching............................................................................................................................ |
78 |
Fast Switching................................................................................................................................. |
78 |
Autonomous Switching................................................................................................................... |
79 |
Silicon Switching............................................................................................................................ |
79 |
Optimum Switching........................................................................................................................ |
79 |
Distributed Switching...................................................................................................................... |
79 |
NetFlow Switching.......................................................................................................................... |
79 |
System Message Logging...................................................................................................................... |
80 |
Loading an Image on the Supervisor Engine III.................................................................................... |
80 |
Booting the Supervisor Engine III from Flash....................................................................................... |
81 |
Setting the Boot Configuration Register................................................................................................ |
81 |
Configuring Cisco Express Forwarding................................................................................................. |
81 |
Enabling CEF.................................................................................................................................. |
81 |
Disabling CEF................................................................................................................................. |
81 |
Enabling dCEF................................................................................................................................ |
82 |
Disabling dCEF............................................................................................................................... |
82 |
Disabling CEF on an Individual Interface....................................................................................... |
82 |
Configuring CEF Load Balancing................................................................................................... |
82 |
Disabling CEF Load Balancing....................................................................................................... |
82 |
Enabling Network Accounting for CEF.......................................................................................... |
82 |
Setting Network Accounting for CEF to Collect Packet Numbers................................................. |
82 |
Viewing Network Accounting for CEF Statistics........................................................................... |
82 |
Viewing CEF Packet−Dropped Statistics....................................................................................... |
83 |
Viewing Non−CEF Path Packets.................................................................................................... |
83 |
Disabling Per−Destination Load Sharing.............................................................................................. |
83 |
Viewing the Adjacency Table on the 8500 GSR................................................................................... |
83 |
Clearing the Adjacency Table on the 8500 GSR................................................................................... |
83 |
Enabling Console Session Logging on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS.......................................... |
83 |
Enabling Telnet Session Logging on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS............................................. |
84 |
Disabling Console Session Logging on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS......................................... |
84 |
Disabling Telnet Session Logging on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS............................................ |
84 |
Setting the System Message Severity Levels on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS............................ |
84 |
Enabling the Logging Time Stamp on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch...................................... |
84 |
Disabling the Logging Time Stamp on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch..................................... |
85 |
Configuring the Logging Buffer Size on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch................................... |
85 |
Clearing the Server Logging Table........................................................................................................ |
85 |
Disabling Server Logging...................................................................................................................... |
85 |
Displaying the Logging Configuration.................................................................................................. |
86 |
Displaying System Logging Messages.................................................................................................. |
86 |
iv
Table of Contents |
|
Chapter 5: Virtual Local Area Networks....................................................................................................... |
88 |
In Depth................................................................................................................................................. |
88 |
The Flat Network of Yesterday.............................................................................................................. |
88 |
Why Use VLANs?................................................................................................................................. |
89 |
VLAN Basics.................................................................................................................................. |
90 |
A Properly Switched Network........................................................................................................ |
90 |
Switched Internetwork Security...................................................................................................... |
91 |
Scaling with VLANs.............................................................................................................................. |
92 |
VLAN Boundaries........................................................................................................................... |
92 |
VLAN Membership Types.............................................................................................................. |
93 |
Traffic Patterns Flowing through the Network............................................................................... |
93 |
Cisco’s VLAN Recommendations.................................................................................................. |
93 |
VLAN Trunking..................................................................................................................................... |
94 |
Trunk Types.................................................................................................................................... |
94 |
LAN Emulation (LANE)................................................................................................................. |
97 |
VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)........................................................................................................... |
97 |
VTP Versions.................................................................................................................................. |
98 |
VTP Advertisements....................................................................................................................... |
98 |
VTP Switch Modes....................................................................................................................... |
100 |
Methods for VLAN Identification................................................................................................. |
101 |
Dynamic Trunking Protocol.......................................................................................................... |
101 |
InterVLAN Routing............................................................................................................................. |
101 |
Internal Route Processors.............................................................................................................. |
102 |
How InterVLAN Routing Works.................................................................................................. |
102 |
Configuring a Static VLAN on a Catalyst 5000 Series Switch........................................................... |
103 |
Configuring Multiple VLANs on a Catalyst 5000 Series Switch........................................................ |
103 |
Creating VLANs on a Catalyst 1900EN Series................................................................................... |
103 |
Assigning a Static VLAN to an Interface on a 1900EN Series........................................................... |
104 |
Viewing the VLAN Configuration on a 1900 Series........................................................................... |
105 |
Viewing an Individual VLAN Configuration on a 1900 Series.......................................................... |
105 |
Configuring a Trunk Port on a Cisco 5000 Series............................................................................... |
105 |
Mapping VLANs to a Trunk Port........................................................................................................ |
107 |
Configuring a Trunk Port on a Cisco 1900EN Series.......................................................................... |
107 |
Clearing VLANs from Trunk Links on a Cisco 5000 Series............................................................... |
107 |
Clearing VLANs from Trunk Links on a Cisco 1900EN Series......................................................... |
107 |
Verifying a Trunk Link Configuration on a 5000 Series..................................................................... |
108 |
Verifying a Trunk Link Configuration on a 1900EN Series................................................................ |
108 |
Configuring the VTP Version on a Catalyst 5000 Switch................................................................... |
108 |
Configuring a VTP Domain on a Catalyst 1900 Switch...................................................................... |
109 |
Setting a VTP Domain Password on a Catalyst Switch....................................................................... |
109 |
Configuring a Catalyst 1900 Switch as a VTP Server......................................................................... |
109 |
Configuring a Catalyst 1900 Switch as a VTP Client......................................................................... |
109 |
Configuring a Catalyst 1900 Switch for Transparent Mode................................................................ |
109 |
Configuring VTP Pruning on a Catalyst 1900 Switch......................................................................... |
110 |
Configuring VTP on a Set/Clear CLI Switch...................................................................................... |
110 |
Configuring VTP on a 1900 Cisco IOS CLI Switch........................................................................... |
110 |
Verifying the VTP Configuration on a Set/Clear CLI......................................................................... |
111 |
Displaying VTP Statistics.................................................................................................................... |
111 |
Configuring VTP Pruning on a Set/Clear CLI Switch........................................................................ |
112 |
Disabling Pruning for Unwanted VLANs............................................................................................ |
112 |
Configuring IP InterVLAN Routing on an External Cisco Router...................................................... |
112 |
Configuring IPX InterVLAN Routing on an External Router............................................................. |
113 |
v
Table of Contents |
|
Chapter 6: InterVLAN and Basic Module Configuration.......................................................................... |
114 |
In Depth............................................................................................................................................... |
114 |
Internal Route Processors.................................................................................................................... |
114 |
Available Route Processors........................................................................................................... |
116 |
Routing Protocol Assignment....................................................................................................... |
120 |
Supervisor Engine Modules................................................................................................................. |
120 |
Supervisor Engines I and II........................................................................................................... |
120 |
Supervisor Engine III.................................................................................................................... |
121 |
Using the Supervisor Engine......................................................................................................... |
122 |
Etherport Modules............................................................................................................................... |
122 |
Port Security.................................................................................................................................. |
123 |
Manually Configured MAC Addresses......................................................................................... |
123 |
Determining the Slot Number in Which a Module Resides................................................................ |
123 |
Accessing the Internal Route Processor from the Switch.................................................................... |
124 |
Configuring a Hostname on the RSM.................................................................................................. |
124 |
Assigning an IP Address and Encapsulation Type to an Ethernet Interface........................................ |
125 |
Setting the Port Speed and Port Name on an Ethernet Interface......................................................... |
125 |
Configuring a Default Gateway on a Catalyst 5000............................................................................ |
126 |
Verifying the IP Configuration on a Catalyst 5000............................................................................. |
126 |
Enabling RIP on an RSM..................................................................................................................... |
126 |
Viewing the RSM’s Running Configuration....................................................................................... |
127 |
Configuring InterVLAN Routing on an RSM..................................................................................... |
127 |
Configuring IPX InterVLAN Routing on the RSM............................................................................. |
128 |
Configuring AppleTalk InterVLAN Routing on an RSM................................................................... |
128 |
Viewing the RSM Configuration......................................................................................................... |
129 |
Assigning a MAC Address to a VLAN............................................................................................... |
129 |
Viewing the MAC Addresses.............................................................................................................. |
129 |
Configuring Filtering on an Ethernet Interface.................................................................................... |
130 |
Configuring Port Security on an Ethernet Module.............................................................................. |
130 |
Clearing MAC Addresses.................................................................................................................... |
131 |
Configuring the Catalyst 5000 Supervisor Engine Module................................................................. |
131 |
Setting the boot config−register on the Supervisor Engine Module.................................................... |
132 |
Changing the Management VLAN on a Supervisor Engine................................................................ |
133 |
Viewing the Supervisor Engine Configuration.................................................................................... |
133 |
Configuring the Cisco 2621 External Router for ISL Trunking.......................................................... |
134 |
Configuring Redundancy Using HSRP............................................................................................... |
135 |
Chapter 7: IP Multicast.................................................................................................................................. |
137 |
In Depth............................................................................................................................................... |
137 |
IP Multicasting Overview.................................................................................................................... |
137 |
Broadcast....................................................................................................................................... |
138 |
Unicast........................................................................................................................................... |
138 |
Multicast........................................................................................................................................ |
139 |
IP Multicasting Addresses................................................................................................................... |
140 |
The Multicast IP Structure............................................................................................................ |
140 |
Delivery of Multicast Datagrams.................................................................................................. |
142 |
Multicast Distribution Tree........................................................................................................... |
142 |
Multicast Forwarding.................................................................................................................... |
143 |
IGMP Protocols............................................................................................................................. |
143 |
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP).................................................................................... |
145 |
IGMPv1......................................................................................................................................... |
145 |
IGMPv2......................................................................................................................................... |
146 |
vi
Table of Contents |
|
Chapter 7: IP Multicast |
|
Time to Live.................................................................................................................................. |
147 |
Multicast at Layer 2............................................................................................................................. |
147 |
IGMP Snooping............................................................................................................................. |
147 |
Cisco Group Management Protocol.............................................................................................. |
148 |
Router Group Management Protocol............................................................................................ |
148 |
GARP Multicast Registration Protocol......................................................................................... |
149 |
Configuring IP Multicast Routing....................................................................................................... |
149 |
Disabling IP Multicast Routing..................................................................................................... |
149 |
Enabling PIM on an Interface....................................................................................................... |
149 |
Disabling PIM on an Interface...................................................................................................... |
149 |
Configuring the Rendezvous Point................................................................................................ |
150 |
Adding a Router to a Multicast Group................................................................................................. |
150 |
Configuring a Router to Be a Static Multicast Group Member.................................................... |
150 |
Restricting Access to a Multicast Group....................................................................................... |
150 |
Changing the IGMP Version............................................................................................................... |
150 |
Changing the IGMP Host−Query Message Interval............................................................................ |
151 |
Configuring Multicast Groups............................................................................................................. |
151 |
Removing Multicast Groups................................................................................................................ |
151 |
Configuring Multicast Router Ports..................................................................................................... |
151 |
Displaying Multicast Routers........................................................................................................ |
151 |
Removing the Multicast Router.................................................................................................... |
152 |
Configuring IGMP Snooping............................................................................................................... |
152 |
Disabling IGMP Snooping............................................................................................................ |
152 |
Configuring IGMP Fast−Leave Processing......................................................................................... |
152 |
Disabling IGMP Fast−Leave Processing...................................................................................... |
152 |
Displaying IGMP Statistics................................................................................................................. |
153 |
Displaying Multicast Routers Learned from IGMP............................................................................. |
153 |
Displaying IGMP Multicast Groups.................................................................................................... |
153 |
Configuring CGMP.............................................................................................................................. |
154 |
Disabling CGMP........................................................................................................................... |
154 |
Enabling CGMP Fast−Leave Processing...................................................................................... |
154 |
Disabling CGMP Fast−Leave Processing..................................................................................... |
154 |
Displaying CGMP Statistics.......................................................................................................... |
154 |
Configuring RGMP on the Switch....................................................................................................... |
155 |
Disabling RGMP on the Switch.................................................................................................... |
155 |
Configuring RGMP on the Router....................................................................................................... |
155 |
Disabling RGMP on the Router.................................................................................................... |
155 |
Displaying RGMP Groups................................................................................................................... |
155 |
Displaying RGMP−Capable Router Ports........................................................................................... |
156 |
Displaying RGMP VLAN Statistics.................................................................................................... |
156 |
Configuring GMRP.............................................................................................................................. |
156 |
Disabling GMRP........................................................................................................................... |
157 |
Enabling GMRP on Individual Ports............................................................................................. |
157 |
Disabling GMRP on Individual Ports........................................................................................... |
157 |
Enabling GMRP Forward−All ...................................................................................................... |
157 |
Disabling GMRP Forward−All ..................................................................................................... |
157 |
Configuring GMRP Registration................................................................................................... |
157 |
Displaying the GMRP Configuration............................................................................................ |
158 |
Setting GMRP Timers................................................................................................................... |
158 |
Displaying GMRP Timers............................................................................................................. |
158 |
Configuring Bandwidth−Based Suppression....................................................................................... |
159 |
vii
Table of Contents |
|
Chapter 7: IP Multicast |
|
Configuring Packet−Based Suppression.............................................................................................. |
159 |
Disabling Multicast Suppression......................................................................................................... |
159 |
Chapter 8: WAN Cell Switching................................................................................................................... |
160 |
In Depth............................................................................................................................................... |
160 |
ATM Overview.................................................................................................................................... |
160 |
LANE............................................................................................................................................ |
161 |
ATM Protocols.............................................................................................................................. |
162 |
ATM Circuit Switching................................................................................................................. |
162 |
ATM Cells..................................................................................................................................... |
162 |
The ATM Switch and ATM Endpoints......................................................................................... |
164 |
The ATM Reference Model.......................................................................................................... |
164 |
Specifying ATM Connections....................................................................................................... |
166 |
ATM Addressing........................................................................................................................... |
167 |
Local Area Network Emulation (LANE)............................................................................................. |
167 |
LANE Components....................................................................................................................... |
168 |
Integrated Local Management Interface (ILMI)........................................................................... |
172 |
LANE Communication.................................................................................................................. |
172 |
LANE Configuration Guidelines................................................................................................... |
174 |
How LANE Works........................................................................................................................ |
174 |
Implementing LANE..................................................................................................................... |
175 |
Configuring ATM on the 5000 Switch.......................................................................................... |
175 |
Connecting in an ATM Network................................................................................................... |
177 |
Monitoring and Maintaining LANE.................................................................................................... |
178 |
Accessing the ATM LANE Module.................................................................................................... |
178 |
Displaying the Selector Field............................................................................................................... |
178 |
Configuring the LES/BUS................................................................................................................... |
179 |
Verifying the LES/BUS Configuration......................................................................................... |
179 |
Configuring a LEC for an ELAN......................................................................................................... |
179 |
Verifying a LEC Configuration on an ELAN............................................................................... |
180 |
Configuring the LECS................................................................................................................... |
181 |
Viewing the LANE Database........................................................................................................ |
181 |
Binding the LECS Address to an Interface................................................................................... |
181 |
Verifying the LECS Configuration............................................................................................... |
182 |
Chapter 9: LightStream Switches................................................................................................................. |
183 |
In Depth............................................................................................................................................... |
183 |
LightStream 100.................................................................................................................................. |
183 |
LightStream 1010................................................................................................................................ |
184 |
LightStream 2020................................................................................................................................ |
185 |
Neighborhood Discovery Function............................................................................................... |
186 |
Virtual Path Connections..................................................................................................................... |
186 |
LightStream Troubleshooting Tools.................................................................................................... |
187 |
LightStream Boot Process............................................................................................................. |
187 |
Supported Troubleshooting Protocols........................................................................................... |
188 |
Snooping Mechanisms.................................................................................................................. |
188 |
Multiprotocol Over ATM.............................................................................................................. |
188 |
Configuring the Hostname................................................................................................................... |
189 |
Configuring an Enable Password......................................................................................................... |
189 |
Configuring the Processor Card Ethernet Interface............................................................................. |
189 |
Configuring Virtual Private Tunnels................................................................................................... |
190 |
viii
Table of Contents |
|
Chapter 9: LightStream Switches |
|
Verifying an ATM Interface Connection Status.................................................................................. |
190 |
Viewing the Configured Virtual Connections..................................................................................... |
191 |
Configuring the LECS ATM Address on a LightStream 1010 Switch............................................... |
191 |
Configuring the Advertised LECS Address......................................................................................... |
191 |
Viewing the LANE Configuration....................................................................................................... |
191 |
Viewing the Installed Modules............................................................................................................ |
192 |
Configuring the MPC........................................................................................................................... |
193 |
Configuring the MPS........................................................................................................................... |
193 |
Changing the MPS Variables........................................................................................................ |
193 |
Monitoring the MPS...................................................................................................................... |
194 |
Enabling ILMI Autoconfiguration....................................................................................................... |
194 |
Configuring LANE on a LightStream 1010......................................................................................... |
194 |
Powering on the LightStream 100 ATM Switch................................................................................. |
195 |
Configuring the LS100 Switch............................................................................................................ |
195 |
Recovering a Lost Password................................................................................................................ |
196 |
Chapter 10: Layer 2 Redundant Links......................................................................................................... |
199 |
In Depth............................................................................................................................................... |
199 |
Layer 2 Switching Overview............................................................................................................... |
199 |
Frames.................................................................................................................................................. |
199 |
Broadcast and Multicast Frames................................................................................................... |
200 |
Unknown Unicasts........................................................................................................................ |
200 |
Layer 2 Network Loops....................................................................................................................... |
200 |
Danger! Data Loops!..................................................................................................................... |
201 |
Edsger Dijkstra’s Graph Theory.................................................................................................... |
201 |
STP Root Bridges.......................................................................................................................... |
202 |
Bridge Protocol Data Units........................................................................................................... |
203 |
Root Bridge Selection................................................................................................................... |
205 |
Spanning Tree Convergence Time................................................................................................ |
207 |
STP Port States.............................................................................................................................. |
208 |
Per−VLAN Spanning Tree............................................................................................................ |
209 |
EtherChannel........................................................................................................................................ |
209 |
Link Failure................................................................................................................................... |
210 |
Port Aggregation Protocol............................................................................................................. |
210 |
Fast Convergence Components of STP............................................................................................... |
211 |
PortFast.......................................................................................................................................... |
211 |
UplinkFast..................................................................................................................................... |
211 |
BackboneFast................................................................................................................................ |
212 |
Enabling STP on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch...................................................................... |
212 |
Enabling STP on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch for All VLANs............................................ |
213 |
Disabling STP on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch..................................................................... |
213 |
Disabling STP on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch by VLAN................................................... |
213 |
Viewing the STP Configuration on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch......................................... |
213 |
Configuring STP on an IOS Command−Based Switch....................................................................... |
214 |
Disabling STP on an IOS Command−Based Switch........................................................................... |
214 |
Viewing the STP Configuration on a Command Line Switch............................................................. |
215 |
Configuring the STP Root Switch....................................................................................................... |
215 |
Configuring the STP Secondary Root Switch..................................................................................... |
215 |
Setting the Root Bridge for More than One VLAN on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch........... |
216 |
Assigning a Port Cost to a Port Using the Set/Clear Command−Based IOS...................................... |
216 |
Assigning a Port Cost to a Port Using a CLI−Based Switch............................................................... |
216 |
ix
Table of Contents |
|
Chapter 10: Layer 2 Redundant Links |
|
Verifying the Port Cost Configuration on Both a Set/Clear Command− and CLI−Based Interface... |
217 |
Configuring the Port Priority on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS.................................................. |
217 |
Configuring the Port Priority on a CLI−Based IOS............................................................................ |
217 |
Verifying the STP Port Priority on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch.......................................... |
218 |
Verifying the VLAN Priority Settings................................................................................................. |
218 |
Adjusting the FwdDelay Timer on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS............................................... |
218 |
Adjusting the Hello Timer on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS...................................................... |
218 |
Adjusting the MaxAge Timer on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS................................................. |
219 |
Preparing to Enable EtherChannel....................................................................................................... |
219 |
Viewing the Port Setting for EtherChannel on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch........................ |
219 |
Creating an EtherChannel on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch.................................................. |
220 |
Verifying the EtherChannel Configuration.......................................................................................... |
221 |
Defining an EtherChannel Administrative Group............................................................................... |
221 |
Viewing an EtherChannel Administrative Group................................................................................ |
221 |
Configuring EtherChannel on an IOS−Based Switch.......................................................................... |
222 |
Identifying the Template Port.............................................................................................................. |
222 |
Verifying the EtherChannel Configuration on a Command Line Interface IOS................................. |
222 |
Enabling PortFast on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch............................................................... |
223 |
Disabling PortFast on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch.............................................................. |
223 |
Enabling PortFast on a CLI−Based IOS Switch.................................................................................. |
223 |
Disabling PortFast on a CLI−Based IOS Switch................................................................................. |
224 |
Verifying the PortFast Configuration.................................................................................................. |
224 |
Enabling UplinkFast on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch........................................................... |
224 |
Disabling UplinkFast on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch.......................................................... |
224 |
Verifying the UplinkFast Configuration.............................................................................................. |
225 |
Enabling UplinkFast on a Cisco IOS Command−Based Switch......................................................... |
225 |
Disabling UplinkFast on a Cisco IOS Command−Based Switch........................................................ |
225 |
Viewing the UplinkFast Configuration on an IOS−Based Switch...................................................... |
226 |
Viewing UplinkFast Statistics on an IOS−Based Switch.................................................................... |
226 |
Enabling BackboneFast on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch...................................................... |
226 |
Disabling BackboneFast on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch..................................................... |
226 |
Viewing the BackboneFast Configuration........................................................................................... |
226 |
Chapter 11: Multilayer Switching................................................................................................................. |
227 |
In Depth............................................................................................................................................... |
227 |
How MLS Works................................................................................................................................. |
227 |
MLS Components.......................................................................................................................... |
228 |
MLS Flows.................................................................................................................................... |
230 |
Access List Flow Masks................................................................................................................ |
231 |
MLS Troubleshooting Notes............................................................................................................... |
232 |
Configuring MLS................................................................................................................................. |
233 |
MLS Cache.................................................................................................................................... |
234 |
Aging Timers................................................................................................................................. |
234 |
VLAN ID....................................................................................................................................... |
235 |
VTP Domain.................................................................................................................................. |
235 |
Management Interfaces................................................................................................................. |
235 |
Configuring an External MLS Route Processor.................................................................................. |
235 |
Enabling MLSP on an MLS−RP for IP......................................................................................... |
236 |
Disabling MLSP on an MLS−RP for IP........................................................................................ |
236 |
Enabling MLSP on an MLS−RP for IPX...................................................................................... |
236 |
Disabling MLSP on an MLS−RP for IPX..................................................................................... |
236 |
x
Table of Contents |
|
Chapter 11: Multilayer Switching |
|
Assigning a VLAN ID................................................................................................................... |
236 |
Adding an MLS Interface to a VTP Domain................................................................................ |
236 |
Enabling MLS on an Individual Interface..................................................................................... |
237 |
Disabling MLS on an External Router Interface........................................................................... |
237 |
Configuring the MLS Switch Engine.................................................................................................. |
237 |
Re−enabling MLS on a Catalyst 6000.......................................................................................... |
237 |
Re−enabling MLS on a Catalyst 5000.......................................................................................... |
238 |
Disabling MLS on a Catalyst 6000............................................................................................... |
238 |
Disabling MLS on a Catalyst 5000............................................................................................... |
238 |
Configuring the MLS Cache on the Catalyst 5000....................................................................... |
238 |
Configuring Fast Aging on a Catalyst 5000.................................................................................. |
238 |
Configuring Fast Aging on a Catalyst 6000.................................................................................. |
238 |
Disabling Fast Aging on a Catalyst 6000...................................................................................... |
238 |
Configuring Long Aging on the Catalyst 6000............................................................................. |
239 |
Disabling Long Aging on the Catalyst 6000................................................................................. |
239 |
Configuring Normal Aging on the Catalyst 6000......................................................................... |
239 |
Disabling Normal Aging on the Catalyst 6000............................................................................. |
239 |
Assigning MLS Management to an Interface on the Catalyst 5000.............................................. |
239 |
Disabling MLS Management on an Interface on the Catalyst 5000............................................. |
239 |
Monitoring and Viewing the MLS Configuration............................................................................... |
240 |
Viewing the MLS Aging Configuration on a Catalyst 6000......................................................... |
240 |
Displaying the IP MLS Configuration.......................................................................................... |
240 |
Viewing MLS−RPs ....................................................................................................................... |
240 |
Viewing MLS−RP Specifics......................................................................................................... |
240 |
Displaying MLS VTP Domain Information.................................................................................. |
241 |
Viewing the MLS VLAN Interface Information........................................................................... |
241 |
Viewing MLS Statistics on the Catalyst 5000............................................................................... |
241 |
Viewing MLS Statistics on the Catalyst 6000............................................................................... |
242 |
Viewing MLS Entries.................................................................................................................... |
242 |
Chapter 12: Hot Standby Routing Protocol................................................................................................. |
243 |
In Depth............................................................................................................................................... |
243 |
Routing Problems................................................................................................................................ |
243 |
Routing Information Protocol....................................................................................................... |
244 |
Proxy ARP..................................................................................................................................... |
244 |
ICMP Router Discovery Protocol................................................................................................. |
244 |
The Solution......................................................................................................................................... |
245 |
HSRP Message Format................................................................................................................. |
247 |
The HSRP States........................................................................................................................... |
247 |
HSRP Configuration............................................................................................................................ |
248 |
HSRP Interface Tracking..................................................................................................................... |
248 |
Opening a Session on an Internal Route Processor............................................................................. |
249 |
Entering Configuration Mode on an RSM........................................................................................... |
249 |
Enabling HSRP and Assigning an IP Address to a Standby Group.................................................... |
249 |
Assigning an HSRP Interface Priority................................................................................................. |
250 |
Assigning a Preempt Delay to a Standby Group................................................................................. |
250 |
Removing a Preempt Delay from a Standby Group............................................................................ |
250 |
Setting the HSRP Hello and Hold Timers........................................................................................... |
250 |
Removing the HSRP Hello and Hold Timers...................................................................................... |
251 |
Configuring a Clear−Text Password for HSRP Authentication.......................................................... |
251 |
Configuring Two RSFC Interfaces as One HSRP Group.................................................................... |
251 |
xi
Table of Contents |
|
Chapter 12: Hot Standby Routing Protocol |
|
Enabling Interface Tracking................................................................................................................ |
252 |
Using the show standby Command..................................................................................................... |
252 |
Using the debug Command.................................................................................................................. |
253 |
Chapter 13: Policy Networking..................................................................................................................... |
254 |
In Depth............................................................................................................................................... |
254 |
Access Security Policies...................................................................................................................... |
254 |
Core Layer Policies....................................................................................................................... |
255 |
Distribution Layer Policies............................................................................................................ |
255 |
Security at the Access Layer................................................................................................................ |
261 |
Configuring Passwords.................................................................................................................. |
261 |
Limiting Telnet Access................................................................................................................. |
261 |
Implementing Privilege Levels..................................................................................................... |
261 |
Configuring Banner Messages...................................................................................................... |
262 |
Physical Device Security............................................................................................................... |
262 |
Port Security.................................................................................................................................. |
262 |
VLAN Management...................................................................................................................... |
263 |
Creating a Standard Access List.......................................................................................................... |
263 |
Creating an Extended Access List....................................................................................................... |
264 |
Applying Access Lists Using access−class ......................................................................................... |
266 |
Applying Access Lists Using distribute−list ....................................................................................... |
266 |
Configuring a Telnet Session Time−Out Value.................................................................................. |
267 |
Implementing Privilege Levels on a 1900EN...................................................................................... |
267 |
Configuring Line Console Time−Out Values...................................................................................... |
267 |
Configuring Banner Messages............................................................................................................. |
268 |
Enabling HTTP Access........................................................................................................................ |
268 |
Enabling Port Security......................................................................................................................... |
269 |
Displaying the MAC Address Table.................................................................................................... |
270 |
Chapter 14: Web Management...................................................................................................................... |
272 |
In Depth............................................................................................................................................... |
272 |
Standard and Enterprise Edition CVSM.............................................................................................. |
272 |
CVSM Client Requirements................................................................................................................ |
272 |
CVSM Access Levels.......................................................................................................................... |
273 |
CVSM Default Home Page.................................................................................................................. |
273 |
The Switch Image.......................................................................................................................... |
274 |
Configuring the Switch with an IP Address and Setting the Default Web Administration Port......... |
275 |
Connecting to the Web Management Console..................................................................................... |
276 |
Configuring the Switch Port Analyzer................................................................................................. |
281 |
Chapter 15: The Standard Edition IOS........................................................................................................ |
283 |
In Depth............................................................................................................................................... |
283 |
The 1900 and 2820 Series Switches.................................................................................................... |
283 |
Main Menu Choices...................................................................................................................... |
283 |
[C] Console Settings...................................................................................................................... |
284 |
[S] System Menu........................................................................................................................... |
285 |
[N] Network Management............................................................................................................. |
286 |
[P] Port Configuration................................................................................................................... |
289 |
[A] Port Addressing....................................................................................................................... |
292 |
[D] Port Statistics Detail................................................................................................................ |
293 |
[M] Monitor................................................................................................................................... |
293 |
xii
Table of Contents |
|
Chapter 15: The Standard Edition IOS |
|
[V] Virtual LAN............................................................................................................................ |
293 |
[R] Multicast Registration............................................................................................................. |
294 |
[F] Firmware.................................................................................................................................. |
294 |
[I] RS−232 Interface...................................................................................................................... |
295 |
[U] Usage Summaries................................................................................................................... |
296 |
Configuring Network Settings on the 1900 and 2820 Series............................................................... |
298 |
Configuring Broadcast Storm Control on Switch Ports....................................................................... |
299 |
Configuring SNMP on the 1900 Series............................................................................................... |
300 |
Configuring Port Monitoring on the Standard Edition IOS................................................................. |
303 |
Configuring VLANs on the Standard Edition IOS.............................................................................. |
304 |
Configuring Spanning Tree Protocol................................................................................................... |
307 |
Chapter 16: Switch Troubleshooting............................................................................................................ |
309 |
In Depth............................................................................................................................................... |
309 |
Hardware Troubleshooting.................................................................................................................. |
309 |
No Power....................................................................................................................................... |
309 |
POST............................................................................................................................................. |
309 |
Indicator Lights............................................................................................................................. |
310 |
Switch Cabling..................................................................................................................................... |
311 |
Cable Problems.............................................................................................................................. |
312 |
Cross−Over Cables........................................................................................................................ |
312 |
Switch Troubleshooting Tools............................................................................................................. |
312 |
CiscoWorks for Switched Internetworks...................................................................................... |
312 |
IOS Software Troubleshooting Commands.................................................................................. |
313 |
Viewing the Set/Clear IOS Configuration........................................................................................... |
316 |
Viewing the CLI−Based IOS Configuration....................................................................................... |
320 |
Viewing the Software Version on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS Module.................................. |
321 |
Viewing the IOS Version Information on a CLI−Based IOS.............................................................. |
321 |
Using the show flash Command on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS............................................. |
321 |
Testing the Supervisor Engine Hardware on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch........................... |
322 |
Testing External Module Hardware on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch................................... |
323 |
Viewing the System Configuration on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch.................................... |
323 |
Viewing the VTP Domain Configuration on a Set/Clear IOS............................................................. |
324 |
Viewing the VTP Domain Configuration on a CLI−Based IOS......................................................... |
324 |
Viewing the VLAN Configuration on a Set/Clear Command−Based Switch..................................... |
324 |
Viewing the VLAN Configuration on a CLI−Based IOS.................................................................... |
325 |
Viewing the Spanning Tree Configuration on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS............................. |
325 |
Viewing the Spanning Tree Configuration on a CLI−Based IOS....................................................... |
326 |
Viewing the CAM (MAC Address) Table on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS.............................. |
328 |
Viewing the CAM (MAC Address) Table on a CLI−Based IOS........................................................ |
328 |
Viewing the CDP Neighbors on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS................................................... |
329 |
Viewing the CDP Neighbors on a CLI−Based IOS............................................................................. |
329 |
Viewing Individual Port CAM Tables on a CLI−Based IOS.............................................................. |
330 |
Viewing Port Statistics on a Set/Clear IOS......................................................................................... |
330 |
Viewing Port Statistics on a CLI−Based IOS...................................................................................... |
332 |
Using the Port Configuration on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS.................................................. |
333 |
Using the show port Command on a CLI−Based IOS......................................................................... |
333 |
Using the show vlan Command on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS.............................................. |
334 |
Using the show vlan Command on a CLI−Based IOS........................................................................ |
334 |
Using the show interface Command on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS....................................... |
335 |
Using the show interface Command on a CLI−Based IOS................................................................. |
335 |
xiii
Table of Contents |
|
Chapter 16: Switch Troubleshooting |
|
Using the show log Command on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS................................................ |
336 |
Configuring SPAN for Port Monitoring on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS................................. |
337 |
Configuring SPAN for VLAN Monitoring on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS............................. |
337 |
Launching the Diagnostic Console on a Cisco 1900 or 2820 Series Switch....................................... |
337 |
Using the Diagnostic Console to Upgrade the Firmware on a Cisco 1900 or 2820 Series Switch..... |
338 |
Using the Diagnostic Console for Debugging the Firmware and Hardware....................................... |
339 |
Appendix A: Study Resources....................................................................................................................... |
341 |
Books................................................................................................................................................... |
341 |
Cisco Group Study and Users Groups................................................................................................. |
341 |
Live Cisco Training/Internet−Based Labs/Study Resources............................................................... |
341 |
Online Resources................................................................................................................................. |
342 |
Asynchronous Transfer Mode....................................................................................................... |
342 |
Cisco IOS...................................................................................................................................... |
342 |
Hot Standby Router Protocol........................................................................................................ |
342 |
Inter−Switch Link......................................................................................................................... |
342 |
IP Multicast................................................................................................................................... |
342 |
Multilayer Switching..................................................................................................................... |
342 |
Quality of Service.......................................................................................................................... |
343 |
Spanning Tree Protocol................................................................................................................. |
343 |
TACACS+..................................................................................................................................... |
343 |
VLANs.......................................................................................................................................... |
343 |
Standards Organizations...................................................................................................................... |
343 |
Cisco Job Search Sites......................................................................................................................... |
344 |
Appendix B: Basic IOS CLI−to−Set/Clear Commands.............................................................................. |
345 |
Overview.............................................................................................................................................. |
345 |
Appendix C: The Cisco Consultant............................................................................................................... |
347 |
Overview.............................................................................................................................................. |
347 |
Establishing Credibility....................................................................................................................... |
347 |
Come Off As an Expert................................................................................................................. |
348 |
Designing a Solution............................................................................................................................ |
348 |
Estimating the Cost....................................................................................................................... |
349 |
Presenting the Final Proposal and Creating Expectations............................................................. |
349 |
Contracting........................................................................................................................................... |
350 |
Document, Document, Document........................................................................................................ |
350 |
The Way to Fail................................................................................................................................... |
350 |
Failing to Be There When Promised, or Rushing through the Job................................................ |
350 |
Failing to Manage Your Time....................................................................................................... |
351 |
Assuming You Know What the Customer Needs......................................................................... |
351 |
Failing to Take Responsibility...................................................................................................... |
352 |
Conclusion........................................................................................................................................... |
352 |
Appendix D: Cisco 1912EN and Catalyst 5000 Configuration Practice Lab............................................ |
353 |
Required Equipment............................................................................................................................ |
353 |
Lab Objectives..................................................................................................................................... |
354 |
Possible Solution.................................................................................................................................. |
355 |
The 1912 Basic Configuration...................................................................................................... |
355 |
The Catalyst 5000 Basic Configuration........................................................................................ |
357 |
Configuring the Cisco 2621 Interface for ISL Trunking............................................................... |
358 |
xiv
Table of Contents |
|
Appendix E: Switch Features........................................................................................................................ |
359 |
Access Layer Switches........................................................................................................................ |
359 |
Cisco Catalyst 1900....................................................................................................................... |
359 |
Cisco Catalyst 2820....................................................................................................................... |
360 |
Cisco Catalyst 2900....................................................................................................................... |
360 |
Cisco Catalyst 3000....................................................................................................................... |
362 |
Cisco Catalyst 3500 Series XL...................................................................................................... |
362 |
Cisco Catalyst 3900 Series............................................................................................................ |
363 |
Distribution Layer Switches................................................................................................................ |
364 |
Cisco Catalyst 4000 Series............................................................................................................ |
365 |
Catalyst 5000 Series...................................................................................................................... |
365 |
Catalyst 6000 Series...................................................................................................................... |
366 |
Core Layer/WAN Switches................................................................................................................. |
367 |
Cisco Catalyst 8400 Series............................................................................................................ |
368 |
Cisco Catalyst 8500 Series............................................................................................................ |
369 |
BPX 8600 Series........................................................................................................................... |
370 |
MGX 8800 Series.......................................................................................................................... |
371 |
12000 Series Gigabit Switch Routers............................................................................................ |
372 |
A.................................................................................................................................................... |
373 |
B.................................................................................................................................................... |
375 |
C.................................................................................................................................................... |
376 |
D.................................................................................................................................................... |
378 |
E−F ................................................................................................................................................ |
380 |
G−I ................................................................................................................................................ |
382 |
K−L ............................................................................................................................................... |
385 |
M−N .............................................................................................................................................. |
386 |
O−P................................................................................................................................................ |
388 |
Q−R ............................................................................................................................................... |
390 |
S..................................................................................................................................................... |
391 |
T..................................................................................................................................................... |
393 |
U−X............................................................................................................................................... |
395 |
xv