INDEX

Access Test....................................................................................			520, 528, 556-558, 560-561, 563-564
Action ...................	22-28, 35-36, 39-42, 47, 49-55, 60-61, 63-64, 66, 179, 206, 218, 225, 239, 332, 405
Personal Action....................................................................................................			38, 40, 78, 332, 337
Real Action.............................................................................................			332, 337, 344, 352, 404, 405
Anticipatory Right (see also expectation right)			..............................................413, 417, 436, 481, 560
Anti-Commons...................................................................................................			443, 444, 450, 452, 562
Apartment
Ownership...............................................................................			176, 181 - 184, 208, 212, 227, 236, 464
Right..........................		105, 210, 270, 279, 286-288, 298, 387, 401, 420, 423, 427-428, 455, 460, 560
Bailment ......................................................................................			242, 334, 338, 373, 376, 379, 384, 391
Cassis de Dijon .....................................................			495, 510, 512 - 513, 515 - 516, 523, 529, 534, 541-542
Centros ........................................................................................................			518 -519, 521, 530, 535, 545
Chain Clause .............................................................................................................................			315, 329
Charge ...................	118, 126, 129, 151, 345, 354, 356, 365, 369, 371-372, 376, 379, 380-384, 386, 420,
			430, 432, 485, 492
Fixed Charge..................................................................................................................			381-383, 492
Floating Charge .............................................................................................			371372, 381-384, 492
Commercial Law................................................................................			333, 334, 337, 338, 372, 374, 400
Common Law.......................		9-12, 45, 58, 59, 78, 85, 117, 169, 266, 331-337, 339, 340, 343, 344-350,
		352-353, 356-359, 362, 365-368, 371, 373, 378, 380-381, 385-386,
		390-393, 395, 398, 403, 407, 411-412, 414-415, 417-419, 421,
		432-434, 449, 451, 454, 468, 473-474, 484-485, 487, 552
Commons............................................................................................			362, 442, 443, 444, 446, 450, 452
Concession Immobilière...........................................................................................................			154, 155
Construction Lease ....................................................................................................			135, 136, 142, 160
Co-Ownership...............		28-29, 49, 50, 88-89, 91, 99-105, 117, 119, 123, 131, 152, 163-164, 180-182,
		213, 260, 262, 277, 286, 333, 348, 349, 399, 407, 427, 438, 451, 471, 472, 478
Corpus Iuris Civilis	.........................	21-22, 45-47, 49-53, 55-57, 59, 60, 67, 69, 80, 83-85, 171, 404-405
Démembrement method		.............95, 98, 114-117, 126, 132, 144, 159-160, 165-166, 192-193, 195, 197,
		270-271, 281, 304, 309-310, 375, 413-417, 438, 451, 460, 481-483, 555, 561
			651

Index

Easement (see also servitude).............................			345, 359-365, 388, 395, 410, 423-425, 427, 433, 558
EC Treaty ................................		495, 497-500, 510, 513-521, 524, 526-530, 532-534, 536-538, 551, 559
Article 295.......................................................................................................................				523-524, 560
Article 95................................................................................................................................				498, 499
Emphyteusis .............	6, 36, 43, 52, 53, 61, 63, 65-66, 71-72, 74-75, 79-80, 132-136, 142, 160, 164-166,
	204, 269, 274, 280-284, 286-288, 299-300, 304, 308-311, 323, 401, 422-423,
				455, 460, 471, 486
Equity ....................	11-12, 29, 252, 334, 336, 338, 340, 342-346, 348-349, 351, 353, 358-359, 361-363,
	366-371, 373, 376, 378-381, 386, 388, 390-396, 411, 415-416, 419-421, 426, 430,
				432-434, 438, 454, 463, 484-486, 556
Equity of Redemption ...........................................			73, 367-371, 373, 376, 379-380, 419-420, 432, 463
Estate Contract .....................................................			358-359, 366-367, 371, 378, 392, 434, 455, 484, 549
Euro-Mortgage............................................................................				8, 15-16, 416, 467, 507-508, 537, 555
European Commission.............			7-8, 15-16, 252, 397, 416, 467, 494, 496-497, 500, 503-504, 506-507,
				541, 547-548, 555
European Property Law..............................			454, 489-490, 496, 523, 538-539, 542, 547, 550, 552, 560
Expectation Right (see also Anticipatory Rights)				......10, 28, 180, 214, 219, 221, 230, 236-237, 248,
				261, 407, 417, 419, 434-435, 455, 463
Expectation Rights...............................................................................				28, 214, 216, 230, 248, 400, 549
Fee Simple..........................	90, 114, 333-334, 344-353, 355-356, 364-365, 368-369, 388-389, 410-411,
				414, 418, 421, 432, 558
Fiducie .........................................................			88-89, 106, 112-116, 158-159, 266, 401, 419, 430, 456, 468
Finance-Ability..................................................................................................................................				453
Fragmentation .....................		28, 49, 88, 98, 100, 116, 174, 192, 235, 246, 260, 265-266, 268, 316, 336,
		343, 399, 410, 438, 442, 444-446, 450-451, 456, 461-463, 484, 499, 503
Free Movement of Capital ...............................................................................................				510, 525, 537
Free Movement of Goods.....		494-495, 497, 504, 510, 514, 516-520, 522, 526, 528, 536, 541-544, 562
Free Movement of Services...............................................................................................				516, 536-537
Freehold (see also fee simple)...........................................				333, 337, 344, 346, 350, 351, 362, 418, 482
French Revolution........................			6, 11-12, 21, 58, 67-70, 72, 74, 76-81, 83, 85, 89, 91, 117, 133, 170,
				221, 253, 299, 343, 406, 438, 456, 468, 486, 561
Grundschuld............................		186, 202, 210, 213, 219, 223, 228-230, 232-236, 248-250, 304, 431-432,
				455-456, 483, 486, 506-507, 555-556
Hypothec.......................	130, 137, 142, 147, 152, 186, 219, 228, 232, 289, 293, 431-433, 486, 507, 556
Life Rent Hypothec ..............................................................................................................				144, 507
Rechargeable Hypothec.......................................................................................................				143, 507
Inspire Art...................................................................................................................				519, 522, 535, 536
Ius Commune ............................................			19, 21, 56, 59-60, 66-72, 75, 77, 78-79, 81, 83, 343, 405, 459
Ius Proprium .......................................................................................................................................				58
Justinian ........................................................................				19, 21-22, 26, 30-31, 35, 43, 46-56, 60, 83, 404
Keck and Mithouard............................................................................				510-511, 514-516, 525, 526-528
Krantz..................................................................................................................				525, 528, 532-533, 545

652

				Index
Land Law ................		9, 11, 16, 331-335, 337-338, 343-347, 353, 357, 373, 388, 390, 417-419, 486, 559
Lease......................	3-4, 13, 48, 72, 89, 109, 114, 128, 132-136, 145, 155, 159-161, 207, 210, 224, 235,
		239-243, 248-249, 251, 264, 266-267, 284, 295, 300-303, 307-308, 313, 322, 325,
		328, 333-334, 338, 348, 350-358, 363-364, 369, 371, 377, 378-379, 387, 389, 390,
	394-395, 400, 409, 414-415, 421-423, 432, 434-435, 456, 466, 469-470, 474, 479, 485
Leasehold (see also term of years)				............................................................ 333-334, 350-353, 358, 423
Lesser Right ...........................			343, 412-417, 419-421, 423-424, 426, 428, 429-430, 433, 436, 451-453,
				458, 460-466, 474, 481-484, 486, 509, 554-558, 560-562
Lex Commissoria .......................................				42, 54, 110, 112, 139-140, 226, 232, 234, 295, 439, 503, 522
Lex Rei Sitae....................................			491-493, 496, 508, 512, 523, 526, 529-530, 534, 536, 543-544, 552
Lien ..............................................................................................................................				366, 385-386, 469
Limitation Method....................................................................................................................				270, 417
Marketability .............................................................................................................................				441, 453
Mortgage........................		8, 15-16, 111, 345, 350, 367-372, 376, 379-380, 416, 419-420, 432, 463, 476,
				506, 507-509, 537
Natural Law................................................................................................				58, 67, 70, 74, 133, 170, 253
Numerus Clausus...................			4-9, 11-12, 14,-17, 19-20, 22, 31, 33, 43-45, 55-56, 60, 67, 76-77, 80-81,
			89, 91, 112, 117-118, 152-153, 161-162, 167, 173-175, 204, 214, 244-247,
			255-256, 266, 271, 301, 318, 320, 328-329, 336, 346, 363, 387-388, 391,
			394-396, 400, 402-408, 410, 413-414, 416, 422, 424-425, 436-442, 444,
			445-446, 448-461, 463, 467-470, 472-474, 481-485, 487, 489-490, 496,
				508, 510, 535-537, 539, 544-545, 547-550, 553-555, 557564
Rule .................................			7, 19-20, 22, 43, 45, 55-56, 77, 89, 153, 167, 168, 323, 328-329, 391, 403,
				405-406, 439, 458-461, 463-465, 467, 482, 485, 544, 553, 562
Obligatoriserung.......................................................................................................................				248, 401
Old Property Rights...................................................................................................				235, 236, 299-300
Optimal Standardisation...........................................................................				447, 448, 450, 453, 550, 562
Option to Purchase		....................................................................		136, 252, 367, 392, 434, 435, 466, 481
Ownership .................		1, 6, 10-13, 19, 21-31, 34-35, 37-40, 42, 44-56, 60-66, 68-72, 74, 75-76, 7881,
		86-89, 91-120, 122, 124-127, 129-133, 135, 138, 144-145, 152, 154, 158-160,
		162-166, 168, 173-199, 205-206, 208, 210-220, 223-224, 226-227, 229, 234,
		236-237, 240-241, 243-247, 249-252, 256-274, 276-290, 293-294, 297, 301-307,
	309-310, 316-317, 319-322, 324-327, 333-334, 338, 342-343, 347-348, 350, 373-375,
		399-401, 403-405, 407, 409-414, 417-420, 422-423, 427-431, 434-435, 438, 443,
		449, 452, 455-457, 459, 461-466, 468-474, 476-479, 481, 483-484, 486, 491-493,
Dominium		501, 503, 523-525, 528, 531, 533, 540-541, 543, 545, 554, 557-558, 560, 563
		19, 25-27, 29, 35, 38, 44-45, 47-50, 52, 61-66, 70-72, 74, 76-77, 79-80, 133, 174,
	179, 192, 211, 252, 259, 343, 410, 413, 416-417, 437, 456, 460, 475-481, 486, 554-555
Praetorian Ownership........................................................................................................				27, 28, 45
Personal Property Law..................			9, 11, 16, 78, 331-334, 337-338, 347, 353, 373-374, 388, 391, 409,
				411, 417-419, 486

653

	Index
Personal Right ........................	2-4, 7, 12-13, 23, 33, 35-36, 65-67, 74, 77-79, 81, 86, 90, 109, 120-121,
	134, 149, 151, 153-156, 159-162, 172-173, 180, 186, 217, 219, 236,
	239-243, 249-251, 254-257, 261, 263, 266-267, 269-280, 298, 300-301,
	303, 317, 327, 329, 336, 351, 353, 366, 377, 391, 393, 394, 396, 401,
	409, 419, 423, 432, 435-436, 453, 456, 463, 465-466, 470-472, 475, 476,
		477-478, 480, 482, 486, 490, 547-548, 550, 553, 559
Personal Servitudes ...........	29, 31, 33-34, 43, 50-52, 118, 125, 129, 197, 205, 234, 272, 276, 456, 471
Pledge...........................	40-43, 54, 65, 75, 79, 91, 110, 112, 136-142, 145-146, 148, 152, 155-156, 158,
	165, 186-188, 190, 198, 207, 220, 223-228, 230, 239, 244, 250, 263-265, 271,
	289-296, 298, 305-306, 316-318, 321-325, 367-368, 377, 379, 382, 384-386,
	405, 411, 429-430, 433, 462, 471, 474, 492, 503, 540, 553, 554
Pre-Emptive Registration (Vormerkung)		............. 214-216, 219-220, 236-238, 249-250, 303, 435, 466
Primary Right................	412-421, 424, 427, 429-430, 434, 443, 451, 453, 456, 460-461, 463-464, 474,
		481-484, 486, 552, 554-558, 560-561
Priority Right.................................................		146-148, 152, 264-265, 298-299, 306, 324, 433, 471, 531
Privative Mandate .....................................................................................................		306-308, 325, 328
Profit à Prendre .................................................................................................................		361, 363, 427
Proportionality.............................................................................		513-514, 519-520, 530-532, 535, 537
Qualitative Duty ................................................................................................................		303, 311-315
Real Burden ...........................	186, 213-214, 221-224, 234, 248, 250, 426-427, 456, 466, 473, 476, 561
Real Obligation....................................................................................		122, 151-154, 167-168, 310, 400
Real Suretyship ..................................................................................................		156-158, 164, 167, 455
Rentcharge.................................................................................................................................		345, 365
Restrictive Covenant ..........................................		363-366, 373, 387, 392, 395, 400, 426, 455, 471, 484
Right of Retention.......................................................................		140, 149-151, 164, 385, 432, 469, 501
Security Servitude.............................................................................................................		202, 401, 425
Servitude....................	29-30, 32-35, 47, 50-52, 65, 72-73, 77, 79, 88, 106, 117-125, 134-135, 151-152,
154, 162-163, 165, 182, 196, 199-206, 209-211, 222, 234, 245, 272-274, 285, 305,
308-310, 313-314, 321, 323, 359, 401, 405, 410-411, 414, 423-427, 431, 451, 456,
		465-466, 474, 478-479, 554, 557, 558
South Africa..........................	7, 12, 67, 253, 413, 416, 435-437, 451, 460, 470, 473-476, 480-482, 485,
		548-549, 553-555, 562
Standardisation ............................	44-45, 55, 441, 445, 447-448, 450, 453-454, 468-469, 484, 550, 563
Superficies .......................	6, 36-37, 43, 53, 61, 63, 65-66, 75, 79, 130-134, 136, 142, 155, 164-166, 182,
	208, 211-215, 227, 236, 250, 269, 274, 282-288, 293, 299, 300, 310, 323, 401,
		422-423, 427, 455, 460, 462, 464, 471, 560
Suretyship...........................................................................................................................		156-157, 167

Term of Years (see also leasehold).... 334, 345, 351-352, 355, 357, 369, 376, 387, 395, 414, 421, 423

Title............................	14, 16, 24, 25, 26, 48, 87, 118, 121, 124, 130, 137, 157, 171, 174, 197, 260, 261,
	264, 287, 302, 303, 312-313, 319, 321, 334, 342-343, 347-348, 358, 363-364,
	368-369, 372-377, 379-381, 388, 390, 394, 411, 418-419, 438, 455, 467,
	475, 477-478, 491-492, 501, 503, 523, 525, 527, 538, 540, 554, 557-558
Tobacco Advertising	..................................................................................................499, 524, 551, 559
654

		Index
Tragedy of the commons ....................................................................		442-444, 446-447, 450-451, 562
Treuhand ..........................	184-186, 191, 234, 243-244, 247-249, 251-252, 401, 419, 431, 456, 464, 468
Treuhand Bank Account ................................................................................................		243-244, 248
Trust ....................................		12, 38, 89, 112-113, 158-159, 184, 232, 244, 264, 266, 268, 297-298, 306,
		318-320, 324, 326, 336, 338, 340-345, 348, 350-351, 353, 356-357, 366,
		368, 370, 381, 384-385, 392-393, 398, 411, 416, 419, 434, 462-463, 468,
		471, 478-479, 493-495, 529, 538, 541, 554
Überseering ...............................................................................................................................		520, 522
Usufruct ...........................	33-34, 43, 51-52, 71, 75, 79, 94, 106, 117, 125-130, 134, 142, 162-163, 165,
		198, 204-210, 234, 239, 244, 261, 269, 271, 274-280, 282, 292, 300-301,
		304, 308, 310, 323, 411, 421, 426-429, 452, 460, 465-466, 471, 554
Verdinglichung....................................................................................................................		249, 317, 401
Verification Rule ................................................................................................................		448-450, 452
Voluntary Harmonisation........................................................................................................		522, 550

655