новая папка 2 / 159295
.pdfкого рассчитан и т. д.), а также об объеме оригинала, качестве изложения, акту-
альности, обоснованности выводов и о других подобных моментах, характери-
зующих оригинал.
Как правильно подготовить резюме текста на английском языке.
Фразы для резюмирования текста
The article goes on to say that…
I’d like to speak about…
I’m going to speak about…
First of all, I’d like to tell you a few words about…
And now some words about…
It’s necessary to say that…
It should be noted / said / stressed that…
I’d also like to add that…
I think…
To my mind…
As you know…
In conclusion I can say that…
In conclusion it should be said that…
In conclusion I’d like to say that…
Берутся предложения, отражающие основное содержание текста и имеющие обобщающий смысл:
Horn
Automobiles are equipped with electric horns. The most popular type is the so-called double-diaphragm horn consisting of a body, a magnet, an armature, a diaphragm, a rod, a contact breaker, a tone disc, an adjusting screw, and a condenser. One end of the magnet winding is connected to power supply via the contact breaker, and the other end is earthed across the horn switch button on the
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steering column. The breaker contacts are protected against burning by a condenser or a resistor connected in parallel with these contacts.
The rod passing through a hole in the magnet carries the armature, the diaphragm, and the tone disc. The edge of the armature is located at the movable contact plate of the contact breaker. When the button closes the horn circuit, the current flows into the magnet winding, and the induced magnetic field attracts the armature. Moving together with the armature, the rod deflects the diaphragm, the armature presses the plate of the movable contact and opens the winding circuit. The core is demagnetized, after which the rod, armature, diaphragm and contact plate return to their initial positions; the contacts reclose and the current flows into the magnet winding. Thus, as long as the horn button is kept depressed, the contacts close and open incessantly, reciprocating the armature, rod, and diaphragm. The vibrations of
the diaphragm create sound. The sound produced by the horn can be regulated
by means of the adjusting screw which changes the clearance between the movable
contact plate and the armature and, consequently, the intensity of the diaphragm vibration.
The ГАЗ-21 Volga cars are equipped with two horns adjusted to produce sounds of different pitch. When actuated simultaneously, they produce a pleasant sound. Operation of two parallel-connected horns draws a considerable current and the horn switch button may get burnt. This is prevented by installing a special horn relay.
The horn relay consists of a core with winding, a magnetic circuit, an armature with contact, a bracket with contact, and a spring. The spring tends to hold the relay contacts open. The circuit of the relay winding is closed by the button switch located on the steering wheel, while the horn circuit is closed by the relay contacts. When the horn button is pressed, the current flowing into the relay winding magnetizes the core; overcoming the resistance of the spring, the armature moves towards the core and the relay contacts close the horn circuit. The relay
contacts are designed for heavy currents and are therefore not burnt in operation.
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When the button is released, the relay contacts open and the horns are switched
off.
Пример резюме текста “Horn”
This text is about horn. The author tells us that automobiles are equipped with electric horns. The author mentions that the most popular type is the so-called dou- ble-diaphragm horn consisting of a body, a magnet, an armature, a diaphragm, a rod, a contact breaker, a tone disc, an adjusting screw, and a condenser. The breaker contacts are protected against burning by a condenser or a resistor connected in parallel with these contacts.
The author informs us that the rod passing through a hole in the magnet carries the armature, the diaphragm, and the tone disc. The edge of the armature is located at the movable contact plate of the contact breaker. I agree with the author that the vibrations of the diaphragm create sound. The sound produced by the horn can be regulated by means of the adjusting screw which changes the intensity of the diaphragm vibration.
The author underlines that the ГАЗ-21 Volga cars are equipped with two horns adjusted to produce sounds of different pitch. Operation of two parallel-connected horns draws a considerable current and the horn switch button may get burnt. This is prevented by installing a special horn relay.
The author stresses that the horn relay consists of a core with winding, a magnetic circuit, an armature with contact, a bracket with contact, and a spring. The author underlines when the horn button is pressed, the current flowing into the relay winding magnetizes the core; overcoming the resistance of the spring, the armature moves towards the core and the relay contacts close the horn circuit. When the button is released, the relay contacts open and the horns are switched off.
My conclusions are:
First - Automobiles are equipped with electric horns.
Second - The vibrations of the diaphragm create sound.
Third - Cars equipped with two horns are adjusted to produce sounds of different pitch.
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VOCABULARY
актуальный
аналогичный
идентичный
перспективный
эффективный
стаж
академик академия наук аспирант аспирантура кандидат наук доктор наук доцент
заведующий кафедрой профессор ректор проректор ректорат ученая степень ученое звание
ученый секретарь наука научная область
научно-исследовательская работа научно-исследовательский институт научное общество научный журнал точные науки
прикладные науки научный работник (сотрудник) с/х науки социальные науки естественные науки гуманитарные посвятить себя науке
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–topical
–analogous
–identical
–long range
–effective
–length of service
–academician
–Academy of sciences
–post-graduate
–post graduate course
–Candidate of science
–Doctor of science
–assistant professor, senior lecturer
–head of the department
–professor
–rector
–deputy rector
–university administration
–scientifi c degree
–academic rank
–scientifi c secretary
–science
–scientifi c fi eld (branch)
–research work
–scientifi c research institute
–scientifi c society
–scientifi c journal
–exact sciences
–applied science
–research worker
–agricultural sciences
–social sciences
–natural sciences
–the humanities
–to devote oneself to
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научный опыт научная степень лектор лекция
читать лекцию преподавать (химию)
преподаватель в университете преподавательский состав преподавание предмет (дисциплина) биология бионика биохимия ботаника генетика история физика химия правоведение диплом диссертация изобретение открытие наблюдение публикация
печатная статья обобщение выводы эксперимент опыт, испытание явление реферат аннотация теория результат изучать анализировать
обрабатывать данные
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–scientific experience
–scientific degree
–lecturer
–lecture
–to deliver a lecture
–to teach, to be a lecturer in (chemistry)
–lecturer, instructor
–teaching staff
–teaching
–subject
–biology
–bionics
–biochemistry
–botany
–genetics
–history
–physics
–chemistry
–law science
–diploma
–thesis
–invention
–discovery
–observation
–publication
–paper
–generalization
–summary
–experiment
–trial
–phenomenon
–summary, abstract
–abstract
–theory
–result
–to study
–analyze
–to process data
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получать данные проводить исследование решать проблему достигать достижение
заниматься (проблемой), проводить исследования по...
составить план исследования цель исследования собирать данные о...
разрабатывать отвечать потребностям необходимо получить было показано, что было обнаружено, что делать выводы установить
продемонстрировать факты...
усовершенствовать (прибор) добиться успеха потерпеть неудачу (не удалось) необходимо для того, чтобы объяснить однако
несмотря на тот факт, что
впоследнее время с 1998 г.
за последний год
вэтом году
внастоящее время
впрошлом году
впоследнее время
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–to get data (obtain)
–to make a research
–to solve a problem
–to achieve
–achievement
–be concerned with, to deal with
–to do (carry out, conduct) a research, to draw up a study plan
–the aim of the research
–collect data on ...
–to develop (work out)
–to meet the requirements
–it is necessary to obtain ...
–it has been shown that...
–it has been found that...
–to conclude, make conclusions
–to fi nd (establish, show)
–demonstrate, reveal) some facts...
–to improve
–to make progress
–to fail to ...
–it is necessary
–in order to explain ...
–however
–in spite of the fact that...
–lately
–since 1998
–over the past year
–this year
–at present
–last year
–lately
Пример рассказа о научных интересах аспиранта
1. What is your name?
-My name is Ivan Ivanovich Ivanov.
2. What educational institution did you graduate from? When?
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-I graduated from Voronezh State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering in
20…
3.What is your speciality?
-My speciality is …/ My profession is …
4. Why did you decide to take a post-graduate course?
-I decided to take a post graduate-course because I had been interested in science since my 3-d year at the University / because scientific approach is very important in my profession.
5. What is the subject of your future scientific research?
-The subject of my scientific research is …
-My future scientific research is devoted to the problem of …
- My future scientific research deals with the problem of …
6. Who is your scientific supervisor?
-My scientific supervisor is Ivan Petrovich Petrov, Professor, Doctor of technical/ economic sciences, Head of the Chair of … / Head of the Department of …
-He has got a lot of publications devoted to the problem of …
7. Have you ever participated in any scientific conferences?
-Yes, I’ve participated in many conferences devoted to the most actual problems of economy/physics/geodesy/hydrology etc.
-Not yet, but I hope, together with my supervisor, I’ll prepare some reports for scientific conferences/I’ll take part in several conferences in the near future.
8. Do you have any publications?
-Yes, I’ve got some publications connected with my research.
- Not yet, but I hope, together with my supervisor, I’ll prepare some publications, they will be devoted to my research.
9.What methods are you going to use in your investigation?
-Together with my supervisor we are going to apply such methods as theoretical, experimental, practical and computational methods because they will help me to complete my research.
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