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.pdf2.6.2.Where will you be? Give sentences about yourself. Use: I’ll be … or I’ll probably be … or I don’t know where I’ll be.
1)(at 10 o'clock tomorrow) … .
2)(one hour from now) … .
3)(at midnight tonight) … .
4)(at 3 o'clock tomorrow afternoon) … .
5)two years from now) … .
2.6.3.Helen is travelling in Europe. Complete the sentences with the verb to be. Choose the correct tense.
1)Yesterday she was in Paris.
2)Tomorrow … in Amsterdam.
3)Last week … in Barcelona.
4)Next week … in London.
5)At the moment … in Brussels.
6)Three days ago … in Munich.
2.6.4. Translate the following sentences. Mind the tenses.
1) Is the proposition true? 2) What are the differences between the static and dynamic surface tension? 3) In any case the usefulness of these correlations is questionable. 4) Symbolism is not only of practical use but of great interest. 5) We'll be surprised if it occurs. 6) Newton supposed that the mean density of the earth is between 5 and 6. 7) Vinagradov's proof is by no means elementary or even easy. 8) These seemingly basic alterations of the administrative structure will be of small practical importance. 9) This constraint is of practical value. 10) Work is under way to settle this point. 11) The components of a functional diagram are interconnected logical modules.
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Unit 3. THERE + TO BE
3.1.Theory
Вобороте there + to be глагол to be может стоять в любом времени, а выбор формы глагола to be зависит от числа существительного, следующего сразу за ним (табл. 3.1).
Т а б л и ц а 3.1
Образование конструкции there + to be
Number |
Types of |
Present |
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Past |
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Future |
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sentences |
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positive |
There is a picture |
There was a pic- |
There |
will |
be a |
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on the wall. |
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ture on the wall. |
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picture |
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There isn't a pic- |
There wasn't a |
There will not be |
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ture on the wall. |
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picture |
on |
the |
a picture on |
the |
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Singular |
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wall. |
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wall. |
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Is there a picture |
Was |
there |
a |
Will |
there |
be a |
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question |
on the wall? |
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picture |
on |
the |
picture |
on |
the |
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wall? |
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wall? |
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There are pictures |
There |
were |
There |
will |
be |
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positive |
on the wall. |
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pictures |
on |
the |
pictures |
on |
the |
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Plural |
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wall. |
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wall |
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There |
are |
not |
There |
weren't |
There |
won't be |
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negative |
pictures |
on |
the |
pictures |
on |
the |
pictures |
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the |
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wall. |
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wall. |
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wall. |
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Are there pictures |
Were |
there |
Will |
there |
be |
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question |
on the wall? |
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pictures |
on |
the |
pictures |
on |
the |
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wall? |
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Глагол to be в сочетании с формальным элементом there, занимающим место подлежащего перед глаголом be, образует оборот there + to be, в котором be обязательно следует переводить словами иметься, находиться, существовать. Слово there, поскольку оно является в смысловом отношении формальным членом, не переводится, например:
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There is a time to speak and a time to be silent. (Есть время, когда нужно говорить, и время, когда нужно молчать.)
Where there is a will there is a way. (Когда есть желание, есть (найдется) и способ.)
There were two more alternatives. (Существовали еще две возможности.)
Если в предложении с оборотом there + to be есть обстоятельство, то перевод следует начинать с него, чтобы подлежащее как носитель новой информации оказалось в конце русского предложения:
There is a new point of view on the problem. (По этому вопросу существует новая точка зрения.)
There were some students in the classroom. (В аудитории было несколько студентов.)
В обороте there + to be глагол be может употребляться в любом времени, наклонении (кроме повелительного) и с модальными глаголами:
there must be |
– |
должно быть, должно существовать |
there could be |
– |
могло (бы) существовать |
there would be – |
имелось бы |
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there may be – |
может быть |
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there would have been – |
существовало бы |
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there being – |
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(так как) существует |
There would be no great ones, if there were no little ones. (Не было бы ве-
ликих, если бы не было маленьких.)
There may be heaven; there must be hell; meantime, there is our earth there – well! (Может, существует рай, должен быть и ад, между тем есть наша земля – да!)
Кроме того, в обороте there + to be могут использоваться и другие смысловые глаголы, имеющие значение возникновения, становления, существования. При переводе значение этих глаголов сохраняется:
в активной форме: |
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to appear – появляться |
to occur – иметь место, происходить |
to exist – существовать |
to remain – оставаться |
to follow – следовать |
to seem – казаться |
to result – получаться |
to take place – иметь место, происходить |
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в пассивной форме:
to be formed – образовываться, получаться to be observed – наблюдаться
to be left – оставаться
There still remained much work to be done. (Все еще оставалось много ра-
боты, которую нужно сделать.)
There was observed a new phenomenon. (Наблюдалось какое-то новое явление.)
At this point there occurred one of those seemingly inexplicable events. (На данном этапе произошло одно из тех событий, которые казались необъяснимыми.)
Обратите внимание на разницу между оборотами There … и It … . Конструкцию There … используют в том случае, когда говорят о чем-либо в первый раз, для того чтобы сказать, что это есть, находится где-либо, например:
There is a new restaurant in King Street.
The journey took a long time. There was a lot of traffic.
Конструкция It … употребляется для обозначения определенной вещи, места, факта, ситуации и т. д., например:
We went to the new restaurant. It is very good. (it = restaurant)
– Was the traffic bad? – Yes, it was terrible. (it = the traffic)
I wasn’t expecting them to come. It was a complete surprise. (it = that they come) I don’t like this town. There’s nothing to do here. It’s a boring place.
Конструкцию It … используют в том случае, когда говорят о расстоянии, времени и погоде, например:
It’s a long way from here to the airport.
What day is it today? It was windy.
3.2.Exercises
3.2.1.Put the verb to be in Past and Future.
1)There are 5 theaters in our city.
2)There is no lift in the house.
3)There are many books in their library.
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4)There is little milk in the bottle.
5)There are 3 rooms in my flat.
6)There is a map on the wall.
7)There are a lot of people in the shop.
3.2.2. Make questions to the following sentences.
1)There are some new books in our library.
2)There is no book on the table.
3)There were many old houses in our street.
4)There are 4 seasons in a year.
5)There are many places of interest in London.
6)There are many beautiful flowers in the garden.
7)There was much work to do last week.
3.2.3. Put the verb to be into the necessary form: Present, Past or Future.
1)There … a telegram on the table.
2)– … there any telegrams from Moscow? – Yes, there … some.
3)There … much snow last winter.
4)There … a lot of stars and planets in space.
5)– … there … a lift in your future house? – Yes, there … .
6)Some years ago there … many old houses in our street.
7)… there any interesting stories in this book?
8)– … there a test last lesson? – No, there … .
9)Soon there … a new film on.
3.2.4. You are on a tour of the National Museum. You're looking at the paintings. Put in there + is / are / was / were / will be.
Welcome to the National Museum, ladies and gentlemen. We've only got one hour and there is a lot to see, let's start.
On the left, you can see a painting by Rembrandt. … seven works by Rembrandt here now. Last year … eight but sadly … a robbery at the museum some months ago and the painting was stolen.
For those of you who are interested, … a major exhibition of Rembrandt’s work in London at the moment, and one next year in Amsterdam. I'm sure … a lot of visitors to both exhibitions.
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Now in this room, … a very famous painting by Picasso. And this painting on the right is very interesting. It’s by an Italian artist but we don't know which one. Oh no! It's disappeared. There has been another robbery! Quick! Phone the police!
3.2.5. Read the first sentence and then write a sentence beginning with
There … .
1)The roads were busy today. – There was a lot of traffic.
2)This soup is very salty. – … .
3)The box was empty. – … .
4)The film was very violent. – … .
5)The shops were very crowded. – … .
6)I like this town – it's lively. – … .
3.2.6. Fill There … or It … in the following dialogues.
1)Mum: There’s a good programme on TV tonight. It’s about computers. Dad: I'm not interested in computers. Is … a long programme?
Mum: No, only half an hour. Why?
Dad: Because, …’s another programme I want to watch at 9.30.
2)Juan: Excuse me. Is … a bank near here?
Mark: Yes, …’s one on the corner of Broad Street.
Juan: Is … open at lunch time?
Mark: Yes, I think so.
3)Jane: (standing outside a restaurant) This is the new Mexican restaurant.
Mary: Is … expensive?
Jane: No, I don’t think so. Look, …’s an empty table. Let’s go in.
4)Dave: Mum, … isn’t any soap in the bathroom.
Mum: Yes, … is. … is a new packet on the shelf. Dave: I can’t see … .
Mum: …’s next to the shampoo.
3.2.7. Put in there is / was or it is / was. Some sentences are questions (Is there..? / Is it...?) and some are negative (isn’t / wasn’t).
1)The journey took a long time. There was a lot of traffic.
2)What’s the new restaurant like? Is it good?
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3)– … a bookshop near here? – Yes, … one in Hill Street.
4)When we got to the cinema, … a queue outside. … a very long queue, so we decided not to wait.
5)I couldn’t see anything. … completely dark.
6)How far … from Milan to Rome? …
7)Keith’s birthday yesterday. We had a party.
8)… three years since I last went to the theatre.
9)… a trouble at the club last night. They had to call the police.
10)– … time to go? – Yes, … nearly midnight.
11)I wanted to visit the museum but … enough time.
12)… a beautiful day yesterday. We had a picnic.
13)A few days ago … storm. … a lot of damage.
14)… a beautiful day yesterday. We had a picnic.
15)… anything on television, so I turned it off.
16)… an accident in King Street but … very serious.
3.2.8. Complete the text with it / there + is (n’t) / was (n’t).
We had some interesting weather in the country yesterday. In Bright lea, there was snow. … unusual to have snow in the spring in this country. But last winter, when everybody wanted to go skiing, … any snow at all. Here in Wellbrough, the capital city, … windy yesterday. But that’s normal. … often a strong wind in spring. But … also very cold. My sister lives in Stratton, on the east side of the country and she said that yesterday … really dark in the middle of the afternoon and … a storm. It frightened her children. And today, … cloudy. … raining yet but I think it will soon.
3.2.9. Complete the sentences. Use: there will be / there would be / there might be / there wouldn’t be / there should / there used to be / there is going to be.
1)If people drove more carefully, there would be fewer accidents.
2)– Have we got any eggs? – I’m not sure. … some in the fridge.
3)I think everything will be OK. I don’t think … any problems.
4)Look at the sky. … a storm.
5)– Is there a school in the village? – Not now. … one but it closed.
6)People drive too fast on this road. I think … a speed limit.
7)If people weren't aggressive, … any wars.
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3.2.10.Are these sentences right or wrong? Correct where necessary.
1)They live on a busy road. It must be a lot of noise. – Wrong: There must be a lot of noise.
2)Last winter it was very cold and it was a lot of snow.
3)I wish it was summer. I hate cold weather.
4)It used to be a church here, but it was knocked down.
5)It’s a long way from my house to the nearest shop.
6)Why was she so unfriendly? It must have been a reason.
7)I don’t know who will win but it’s sure to be a good match.
8)– Where can we park the car? – Don’t worry. It’s sure to be a car park somewhere.
9)After the lecture it will be an opportunity to ask questions.
10)I like the place where I live but it would be nicer to live by the sea.
3.2.11.Translate the sentences.
1) There exists an efficient algorithm to solve any of these problems. 2) There appeared three sets of nodes. 3) There will be left one decision to make. 4) There resulted a number of alternatives. 5) There followed a new series of experiments. 6) There took place an inversion of the process. 7) There is formed a gap between the two points of view. 8) There remain some doubts about the way of making corrections. 9) There do appear, however, certain fundamental differences.
Библиографический список
1.Агабекян И. П. Английский язык для инженеров / И. П. Агабекян, П. И. Коваленко. Ростов-на-Дону: Феникс, 2002. 320 с.
2.Голицынский Ю. Б. Грамматика / Ю. Б. Голицынский. СПб: КА-
РО, 2002. 544 с.
3. К р ы л о в а И. П. Английская грамматика для всех / И. П. К р ы л о -
ва, Е. В. Крылова. М.: Высшая школа, 1989. 271 с.
4.Рубцова М. Г. Чтение и перевод английской научно-технической литературы / М. Г. Рубцова. М.: АСТ; Астрель, 2002. 384 с.
5.Murphy R. Essential Grammar in Use A self-study reference and practice book for elementary students of English / R. Murphy / Cambridge university press, 1997. 300 p.
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Учебное издание
ЛАВРИНЕНКО Ирина Юрьевна, ДЕМИШКЕВИЧ Елена Владимировна
УЧЕБНО-МЕТОДИЧЕСКОЕ ПОСОБИЕ ПО ИЗУЧЕНИЮ ГРАММАТИКИ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА
ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ ЗАОЧНОЙ ФОРМЫ ОБУЧЕНИЯ
Часть 1
______________________________
Редактор Н. А. Майорова Корректор С. А. Фаронская
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