микробиология_учебник_озо

ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ. ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɟɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ.

Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɢɡɤɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɚ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɨɛɥɢɝɚɬɧɵɯ ɩɫɢɯɪɨɮɢɥɨɜ, ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɭɸ ɞɟɧɚɬɭɪɚɰɢɸ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɭɸ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɩɪɢ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ. ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɭ ɨɛɥɢɝɚɬɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɩɫɢɯɪɨɮɢɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɦɨɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɬɟɪɦɨɥɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ, ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɫɱɟɬɟ, ɧɢɡɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ.

Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɨɩɬɢɦɭɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɭ ɨɛɥɢɝɚɬɧɵɯ ɩɫɢɯɪɨɮɢɥɨɜ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɥɟɠɢɬ ɧɢɠɟ, ɱɟɦ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɟɡɨɮɢɥɨɜ. ɉɪɢ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɨɬ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɫɢɯɪɨɮɢɥɨɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ ɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɱɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɟɟ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɫɢɯɪɨɮɢɥɨɜ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ.

ɇɟ ɜɫɟ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɫɢɯɪɨɮɢɥɨɜ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵ ɤ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɸ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ, ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬ, ɧɨ ɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɱɬɨ, ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɤɨɧɰɨɜ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ. ɗɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɬɟɪɦɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɥɢɝɚɬɧɵɯ ɩɫɢɯɪɨɮɢɥɨɜ [3].

Ⱥɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ ɤ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ ɯɨɥɨɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɨɤɚ. ɉɪɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ȿ. coli ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɫ 37 °ɋ ɞɨ 10 °ɋ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɪɹɞɚ ɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɱɚɫɬɶ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɯ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɛɟɥɤɚ. Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɪɨɞɨɜ, ɤɚɤ ɝɪɚɦɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ.

ɉɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɯ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɥɟɞ, ɢ ɷɬɨ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɝɢɛɟɥɶ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ. Ɉɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɵ ɥɶɞɚ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɚɸɬ ɛɟɥɤɢ ɢ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɵ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɹ ɩɨɬɟɪɸ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ. ɉɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɥɶɞɚ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɨɫɦɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɢɧɢɰɢɢɪɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɸ ɤ ɨɫɦɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɭ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɢ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ ɭ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɨɫɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɢ ɷɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɟɥɤɢ ɨɬ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɥɶɞɨɦ. Ɉɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɶɞɚ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɸ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ ɟɝɨ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɛɟɥɤɚɯ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɵ. ɉɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɞɚɟɬ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɥɶɞɚ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɷɬɢɯ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɥɚɛɟɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɚɸɬ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ [3].

41

3.5.3.Ɍɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ

Ʉɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɭɬ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɜɵɲɟ 45–50 °ɋ. ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɤɚɪɞɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ:

ɨɛɥɢɝɚɬɧɵɟ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɵ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɨɩɬɢɦɭɦ 65–70 °ɋ

ɢɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ ɜɵɲɟ 40–42 °ɋ,

ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɵ ɫ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɨɦ 50–65 ɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɨɦ ɦɟɧɟɟ 20 °ɋ,

ɬɟɪɦɨɬɨɥɟɪɚɧɬɧɵɟ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɫ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɨɦ 45– 50 °ɋ. Ȼɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɫ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɨɩɬɢɦɭɦɨɦ ɜɵɲɟ 70 °ɋ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɤɚɤ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɟ. ɗɬɢ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɨɛɥɢɝɚɬɧɵɦɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɚɦɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ.

Ɍɟɪɦɨɬɨɥɟɪɚɧɬɧɵɟ (ɥɚɬ. tolerantia – ɬɟɪɩɟɧɢɟ) ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɚ. Ɉɧɢ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɩɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

ɉɪɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɨɬ 37 ɞɨ 43 °ɋ ɭ ɬɟɪɦɨɬɨɥɟɪɚɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧa ɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɭ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɚ ɭ ɦɟɡɨɮɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ, ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ, ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ. ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɦɟɡɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɨɞɧɭ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɥɹ ɢɯ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɭɸ ɬɨɱɤɭ, ɬɟɪɦɨɬɨɥɟɪɚɧɬɧɵɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɩɥɚɬɨ, ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ. ɉɥɚɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɜ 10 °ɋ.

ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɚɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɨɜ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɚ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɚ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɨɧɚ ɭɞɨɛɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ [1].

Ɍɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɵ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ. ɋɪɟɞɢ ɧɢɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɝɪɭɩɩ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ.

ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɧɟ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɤɚɤɢɦ-ɥɢɛɨ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɦ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ. Ɍɚɤ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɪɨɫɬɭ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 45 °ɋ ɢ ɜɵɲɟ ɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɩɪɢ 15, ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɞɚɠɟ 20 °ɋ, – ɬɚɤɫɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤ ɪɹɞɚ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɝɨɦɨɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ Lactobaclllus: ɷɬɨ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ, ɤɚɤ L. delbruckii, L. lactis, L. bulgaricus, ɢ ɞɪ. Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ ɭ ɷɬɢɯ ɥɚɤɬɨɛɚɰɢɥɥ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɬ 50 ɞɨ 53 °ɋ. Ɉɧɢ ɨɛɢɬɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ

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ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɨɬɤɭɞɚ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ – ɢɯ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɬɶ ɜ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɯ, ɫɨɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɢ ɦɚɪɢɧɚɞɚɯ, ɜ ɜɢɧɟ ɢ ɮɪɭɤɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɤɚɯ. Ʌɚɤɬɨɛɚɰɢɥɥɵ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ ɪɨɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ, ɤɢɲɟɱɧɨɦ ɬɪɚɤɬɟ ɢ ɜɥɚɝɚɥɢɳɟ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɤɪɨɜɧɵɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ [1].

ɒɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɵ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɫ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚɦɢ. ɗɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɟ ɫɟɧɨ, ɬɨɪɮ, ɯɥɨɩɨɤ, ɡɟɪɧɨ, ɬɚɛɚɤ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɜɨɡ, ɤɨɦɩɨɫɬɵ, ɩɪɟɥɵɟ ɥɢɫɬɶɹ, ɫɢɥɨɫ. ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɨ, ɬ. ɟ. ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɬɟɪɦɨɝɟɧɟɡ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ, ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɧɟɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɬɟɩɥɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ. Ȼɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɵɯɥɨ ɭɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɥɚɠɧɵɯ ɤɭɱɚɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɝɞɟ ɩɪɨɫɥɨɣɤɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɚɷɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɬɟɪɦɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɸ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɤɭɱɢ. ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ, ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɚɷɪɨɛɧɵɯ ɦɟɡɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜɭ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ. Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɨɜ. ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɨɜ ɜɵɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɦɟɡɨɮɢɥɨɜ, ɢ ɩɪɢ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɝɢɛɧɭɬ.

ɋɭɛɫɬɪɚɬ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɨɛɭɝɥɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɢɫɬɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ. ɗɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɸ. ɋɚɦɨɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ – ɧɟɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ, ɬɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨɬɟɪɹ ɰɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ, ɚ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ, ɩɪɢ ɫɚɦɨɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɢ, ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɬɪɚɝɢɱɧɵ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɜɨɡɚ ɫ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɚɪɧɢɤɨɜ. ȼ ɬɪɨɩɢɤɚɯ ɠɢɜɭɬ ɩɬɢɰɵ, ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɫɨɪɧɵɟ ɤɭɪɵ, ɨɬɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɹɣɰɚ ɜ ɤɭɱɢ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɨɩɚɜɲɢɯ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɯ ɧɚɫɢɠɢɜɚɬɶ [1].

Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ, ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ, ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɞɨɥɝɨ. ɇɟɭɞɢɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ, ɹɜɥɹɹɫɶ ɷɮɟɦɟɪɚɦɢ, ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɨɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ – ɷɧɞɨɫɩɨɪɵ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɞɨɥɝɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ.

Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ 55–60 °ɋ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ Clostridium. ɒɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ Cl. thermocelɢɩ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɫɛɪɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡɵ ɢ ɝɟɦɢɰɟɥɥɸɥɨɡ. ɗɬɚ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɹ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɦɟɬɚɧɬɟɧɤɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɶɧɨɦ ɚɧɚɷɪɨɛɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɛɢɨɝɚɡɚ.

ɋɩɨɪɵ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɵ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɡɟɦɧɨɦɭ ɲɚɪɭ.

43

Ɉɧɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ Ʉɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɹ ɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɫ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɨɜ Ⱦɢɤɫɨɧ, ɍɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ, ɇɨɜɚɹ Ɂɟɦɥɹ. ɇɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ Bacillus ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɧɚ Ⱥɥɹɫɤɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɛɚɯ ɩɨɱɜɵ, ɩɟɫɤɚ, ɜɨɞɵ. ɉɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɡɚɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɜ ɷɬɢ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɩɬɢɰɚɦɢ, ɜ ɷɤɫɤɪɟɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɧɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ.

Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵ ɫɩɨɪɵ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɚɰɢɥɥ ɜ ɨɛɢɥɶɧɨ ɭɧɚɜɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɱɜɚɯ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɢɯ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ.

ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦ ɦɟɫɬɨɦ ɨɛɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ. Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɞɚɜɧɨ, ɢɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɥɟɬ. Ʉɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɦɟɧɟɟ 1 °ɋ. Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ. ɉɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɜɨɞɚ ɨɫɬɭɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɵ.

Ɉɛɢɬɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɷɮɟɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɧɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɤɚɤɢɯ-ɥɢɛɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɨɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ. ɋɪɟɞɢ ɨɛɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɧɢɬɱɚɬɵɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ, ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ ɠɟ ɫɥɢɡɢɫɬɵɦɢ ɱɟɯɥɚɦɢ. ɗɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɢ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɤɚɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧɚɯ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ. Ɍɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɪɚɡɛɪɨɫɚɧɵ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɦɢɪɭ: ɜ ɂɬɚɥɢɢ Ƚɪɟɰɢɢ, Ɍɭɪɰɢɢ, ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɬɪɚɧ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ, ɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ, ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ, ɂɧɞɨɧɟɡɢɢ, ɂɫɥɚɧɞɢɢ, ɇɨɜɨɣ Ɂɟɥɚɧɞɢɢ, əɩɨɧɢɢ. ȼ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɬɟɩɥɵɟ ɢ ɝɨɪɹɱɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɧɚ Ʉɚɜɤɚɡɟ, ɜ ɨɤɪɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɹx Ⱥɥɦɚ-Ⱥɬɵ, ɉɪɠɟɜɚɥɶɫɤɚ, Ƚɭɞɚɭɬɵ, Ⱦɭɲɚɧɛɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚ Ʉɚɦɱɚɬɤɟ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɨɬ ɜɨɞɵ ɨɡɟɪ ɢ ɪɟɤ, ɫɨɥɟɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ [1].

ȼ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɭɥɤɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɵ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ, ɛɥɢɡɤɭɸ ɤ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɤɢɩɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ. Ɍɚɤ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ Ƀɟɥɥɨɭɫɬɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɤɚ

ɜɋɒȺ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ 95,5 °ɋ. ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɫ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ – 98–99 °ɋ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɵ ɧɚ Ⱥɡɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚɯ. Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɞɵ 99–101 °ɋ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɇɨɜɨɣ Ɂɟɥɚɧɞɢɢ ɢ Ʉɚɦɱɚɬɤɢ. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ

ɜɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɯ, ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɇ ɢɯ ɜɨɞɵ. ȼ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɯ, ɝɞɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɇ ɜɨɞɵ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɬɪɟɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ ɧɟ ɜɵɲɟ 80 °ɋ. ɗɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɨɜ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɥɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɝɨɪɹɱɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɯ ɫ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ. Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɩɪɨɤɚɪɢɨɬɵ, ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɇ 1–2 ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ. ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɤɢɫɥɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɭ ɷɬɢɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ

44

ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɵɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɦ ɢɯ ɰɢɬɨɩɥɚɡɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧ [1]. ɉɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɧɢɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ

ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɪɵ, ɩɨɩɚɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɢɡ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɫ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ, ɝɞɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɰɟɧɬɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ. Ɉɫɨɛɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɤɨɣ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɰɢɚɧɨɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɢɥɢ, ɜ ɤɢɫɥɵɯ ɬɟɪɦɚɯ, ɚɰɢɞɨɮɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɪɚɫɧɚɹ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɫɥɶ Cyanidium caldarium. ȼɨɤɪɭɝ ɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɫ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɧɢɠɟ 75 °ɋ ɰɢɚɧɨɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɩɥɨɬɧɵɟ ɤɨɪɤɢ-ɦɚɬɵ, ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɳɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɵ ɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ. ȼɢɞɨɜɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɰɢɚɧɨɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ, ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɯ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɯ, ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ, ɫɯɨɞɟɧ.

ȼ ɧɚɲɢ ɞɧɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɦɟɬɚɧɬɟɧɤɚɯ ɩɪɢ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ, ɜ ɫɛɪɨɫɚɯ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɡ ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ, ɨɤɨɥɨ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɟɣ [3].

ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɨɫɨɛɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ, ɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɝɟɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ – ɱɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɤɭɪɢɥɶɳɢɤɚɦɢ». Ɍɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɤɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɟ ɤɪɚɬɟɪɵ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜ ɜɨɞɭ ɢɡɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɵ. Ɍɟɦɩɟpaɬypa ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ, ɢɡɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ «ɱɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɤɭɪɢɥɶɳɢɤɚɦɢ», ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ 350 °ɋ; ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɭ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚɯ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ ɷɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɵ ɧɟ ɡɚɤɢɩɚɸɬ. ȼ ɜɨɞɟ, ɢɡɥɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ «ɱɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɤɭɪɢɥɶɳɢɤɚɦɢ», ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɠɢɡɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɟ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ. ɗɬɨ ɦɟɥɤɢɟ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɟ ɩɚɥɨɱɤɢ, ɧɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɤɚɤɢɦɢ-ɥɢɛɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ. Ʉɚɤɨɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɟɥ ɞɥɹ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ, ɩɨɤɚ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ.

ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɧɟɩɨɧɹɬɧɨ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɞɥɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɢ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ.

ɉɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɬɟɪɦɨɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ

ɉɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɤ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ, ɧɟ ɜɵɹɫɧɟɧɵ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɯ ɞɜɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ. ȼɨɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɬɟɤɭɱɟɫɬɢ ɥɢɩɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɢɫɥɨɹ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ, ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɤɨɧɰɨɜ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɢɨɧɨɜ; ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɵ ɭɬɟɱɤɚ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɦɟɨɫɬɚɡɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ ɭ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɥɢɩɢɞɧɨɝɨ

45

ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ. Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɩɢɞɨɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɰɟɩɢ ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɠɢɪɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɟ ɭɞɢɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɭ ɦɟɡɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɠɢɪɧɵɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɫ 15 ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɚɬɨɦɚɦɢ, ɭ ɨɛɥɢɝɚɬɧɨ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɚɰɢɥɥ – ɫ 15–17 ɢɥɢ 16–17 ɚɬɨɦɚɦɢ ɢ ɭ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɨɜ – ɫ 17–19 ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɚɬɨɦɚɦɢ [1].

ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɥɢɩɢɞɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɛɢɨɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɮɨɫɮɨɥɢɩɢɞɨɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ. ɍ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɪɯɟɣ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɥɢɩɢɞɵ ɫ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦɢ ɷɮɢɪɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɹɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ, ɱɟɦ ɥɢɩɢɞɵ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɷɮɢɪɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɹɦɢ.

ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, – ɷɬɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ (ɜ ɞɜɚ ɪɚɡɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɚ 10 °ɋ). ȼɟɪɯɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɟɥ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚ; ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɢɬɨɝɟ ɩɨɞɴɟɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɞɟɧɚɬɭɪɚɰɢɢ ɛɟɥɤɚ ɢ ɩɨɬɟɪɟ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ, ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɦɢ ɤ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɸ. Ⱦɥɹ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ. ɉɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ ɤɚɤɨɝɨɥɢɛɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ; ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɨɫɨɛɚɹ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɭɬɟɣ.

Ȼɟɥɤɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɨɜ ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɟɟ ɤ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɛɟɥɤɚɦɢ ɦɟɡɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ. ɑɚɫɬɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɛɟɥɤɨɜɨɣ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ. Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɛɟɥɤɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɨɜ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɦɟɧɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ

[3].

ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɥɤɚ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɛɟɥɤɚ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɫɧɢɠɚɬɶɫɹ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɟɥɤɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɨɜ ɜ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɧɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɤɨɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɵ, ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɵ, ɜɧɭɬɪɢɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɪɹɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ.

ɋɢɧɬɟɡ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ-ɥɢɛɨ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚ ɭ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɝɟɧɨɦ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɨɞɧɭ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɞɜɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɨɝɨ ɠɟ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɬɟɪɦɨɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ. Ɍɚɤ, ȼ. stearothermophilus, ɪɚɫɬɭɳɢɣ ɩɪɢ

46

ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 37 °ɋ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɚ-ɚɦɢɥɚɡɭ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɭɸ, ɱɟɦ ɚ- ɚɦɢɥɚɡɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɰɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɟɝɨ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɢ 55 °ɋ. Ʉɥɟɬɤɢ ȼ. stearothermophilus, ɜɵɪɚɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 37 °ɋ, ɩɪɢ 55 °ɋ ɝɢɛɧɭɬ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɪɨɫɬ ɩɪɢ 55 °ɋ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɢ 46 °ɋ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɚɦɟɧɚ ɮɨɪɦ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɫ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ 37 °ɋ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɥɚɝ-ɩɟɪɢɨɞ, ɢ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦ ɤ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɸ ɥɢɲɶ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɦɟɧɵ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɦɨɥɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ.

ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ȼ. stearothermophilus ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɵ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦɚ ɩɪɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ. ȼɫɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɵ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ, ɪɚɫɬɭɳɢɯ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 55 °ɋ, ɛɵɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ, ɱɟɦ ɭ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ, ɪɚɫɬɭɳɢɯ ɩɪɢ 37 °ɋ.

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɵ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɤɨɞɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɦɢ ɝɟɧɚɦɢ, ɱɟɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ [1].

ȼ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɧɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɲɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɞɨ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ 10–50 ɪɚɡ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɛɟɥɤɚɦɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɨɤɚ. ɗɬɢ ɛɟɥɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ, ɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɨɧɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ. ɗɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɝɟɧɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɨɤɚ ɫɥɭɠɚɬ ɜɚɠɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɭɳɢɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ, ɯɨɬɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɧɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɸ ɢɯ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦ ɫɞɜɢɝɟ. ɂɧɞɭɤɰɢɹ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɨɤɚ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɜɵɠɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ.

ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɞɥɹ ɢɯ ɪɨɫɬɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ. ɉɪɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɢɠɟ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɤ ɧɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɢɝɪɚɸɳɢɯ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ȾɇɄ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɨɩɬɢɦɭɦɨɦ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɜɢɞɚ ɧɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ. ɉɨɞɨɛɧɚɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɩɪɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ ɢ ɧɭɤɥɟɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɤɨɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɝɢɛɤɨɫɬɢ: ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɠɟɫɬɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɥɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ. Ɍɨ ɠɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɥɫɹ ɢ ɤ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɥɢɩɢɞɨɜ: ɨɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɠɢɞɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɦɢ. Ʉɨɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ: ɪɚɡɪɵɜ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɥɚɛɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ

47

ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɥɢɲɶ ɜ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ. Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɟɬ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɥɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɧɚɧɨɫɢɬ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɤɨɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɝɢɛɤɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɢ ɭɫɪɟɞɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ.

ɉɪɢ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɤ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɝɢɛɤɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ; ɩɪɢ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɠɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɤ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɝɢɛɤɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ [3].

ɋɜɟɪɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɟɥɤɨɜɨɣ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɤɚɤ ɤɨɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ. Ȼɟɥɨɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɶ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɜɟɪɧɭɬɨɣ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɜɟɪɧɭɬɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ. Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɛɟɥɤɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɛɟɥɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ. ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɛɟɥɤɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɛɨɫɨɦɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɩɟɩɬɢɞ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧ ɨɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ, ɧɨ ɧɟɜɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɢɩɟɩɬɢɞɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɲɢɛɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɛɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ, ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɛɟɥɤɚ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɛɟɥɤɢ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ Hsp70 ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɸɬ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɛɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ 7–8 ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɜ ɧɨɜɨɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɛɟɥɤɚɯ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ ɤ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɭ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɥɚɡɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɭ. ɉɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɟ ɩɨɥɢɩɟɩɬɢɞ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɢ ɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɢɡ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɛɧɵɯ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ; ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɚɝɪɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɧɢ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɛɟɥɤɚɦɢ Hsp70. ɗɬɢ ɛɟɥɤɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɫɛɨɪɤɟ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɛɟɥɤɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɛɟɥɤɢ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ Hsp70 ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɟɳɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɛɟɥɤɨɜɵɟ ɰɟɩɢ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟɫɜɟɪɧɭɬɵɦɢ.

Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɤɨɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɝɢɛɤɨɫɬɶ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɧɨ ɢ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɟɫɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɚɛɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɤ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɫ ɢɧɵɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɥɟɣ, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɇ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ. ɞ., ɢ ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɞɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɝɨɦɟɨɫɬɚɡ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɛɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɭɩɪɭɝɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɜ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɨɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ [3].

48

3.6.Ʉɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɪɟɞ ɨɛɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ

Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɇ, ɤɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɥɨɝɚɪɢɮɦ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ. Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɱɢɫɬɨɣ ɩɪɟɫɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ 10 –7 ɝ ɢɨɧ/ɥ ɢ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɪɇ ɩɪɟɫɧɨ ɜɨɞɵ 7. Ɍɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɇ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ 7, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬ ɤ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɦ, ɚ ɬɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵɲɟ 7, – ɤ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɵɦ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ, ɱɬ ɪɇ – ɥɨɝɚɪɢɮɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɪɇ 5, ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜ 10 ɪɚɡ «ɤɢɫɥɟɟ» ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫ ɪɇ 6.

Ʉɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɩɪɨɤɚɪɢɨɬ. Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɢɥɢ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɨ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɬɨɜ, ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɢ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɪɇ ɩɨɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ – ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɚɜɬɨɬɪɨɮɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɤɚɪɢɨɬ, ɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɨɜ, ɤɚɤ ɋɢ, Ɇɨ, Mg, AI ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ. ɇɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ, ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɪɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɨɜ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɤɥɟɬɤɟ (Fe, Ca, Mg, Ɇɩ), ɪɟɡɤɨ ɩɨɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ, ɢ ɨɧɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ. Ɉɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɇ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ. Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɜ ɤɢɫɥɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɞɢɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɢ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɤɭ, ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɫɶ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɟ.

ȼ Ɇɢɪɨɜɨɦ ɨɤɟɚɧɟ ɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɟɫɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɨɜ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɇ ɤɨɥɟɛɥɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɭɡɤɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɤɚɪɢɨɬ. Ⱦɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨ ɤɢɫɥɵɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɫ ɪɇ ɨɤɨɥɨ 3–4. ɓɟɥɨɱɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɱɜɚɯ, ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɚɦɢ, ɷɤɫɤɪɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ. ɓɟɥɨɱɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɩɨɱɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɚɷɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ. ȼ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɨɱɜɚɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɇ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɬɶ 10. Ɉɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɵɟ ɨɡɟɪɚ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ, ɪɇ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ 8–11 [1].

ɋɪɟɞɢ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɬɪɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɩɨ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɭ ɪɇ, ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɫɬɚ: ɚɰɢɞɨɮɢɥɵ (ɪɇ-ɨɩɬɢɦɭɦ < 4), ɧɟɣɬɪɨɮɢɥɵ (ɪɇ-ɨɩɬɢɦɭɦ 6–7) ɢ ɚɥɤɚɥɢɮɢɥɵ (ɪɇ-ɨɩɬɢɦɭɦ 8–9). Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɭɬɢ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɤ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɚɦ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɫ ɪɇ. ɋɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɪɨɫɬɭ ɩɪɢ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɪɇ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɭ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɷɬɢx ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɦɚɥɚ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɹ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ – ɨɛɥɢɝɚɬɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ – ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɹɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɇ+ ɢɥɢ Ɉɇ-, ɧɨ ɢ ɧɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɢɨɧɚɯ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬ. ɟ. ɷɬɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ.

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				Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɪɇ-ɨɩɬɢɦɭɦɚɦɢ [3]
Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ	ɪɇ	ȼɧɭɬɪɢɤɥɟɬɨ	ɋɪɟɞɚ ɨɛɢɬɚɧɢɹ
	ɫɪɟɞɵ	ɱɧɵɣ ɪɇ
Thiobacillus acidophilus	1–2	6,0–7,0	ɍɝɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɜɚɥɵ
Bacillus acidocaldarius	2–6	6,0–7,0	Ƚɨɪɹɱɢɟ	ɫɟɪɧɵɟ
			ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ
Escherichia coli	5–8	7,6–8,0	Ʉɢɲɟɱɧɢɤ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
Staphylococcus aureus	5–8	7,5–8,0	Ʉɨɠɚ; ɩɢɳɟɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ
Bacillus pasteurii	9–11	8,0–8,6	ɉɨɱɜɚ;	ɫɬɨɱɧɵɟ
			ɜɨɞɵ
Bacillus alcalophilus	8–11,5	8,0–8,6	ɒɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧ ɜ
			ɩɨɱɜɟ
Exiguobacterium	7,5–11	8,2–8,8	ɓɟɥɨɱɧɵɟ	ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶɧɵɟ
aurantiacum			ɨɬɯɨɞɵ

ɋɪɟɞɢ ɨɛɥɢɝɚɬɧɵɯ ɚɰɢɞɨɮɢɥɨɜ ɱɟɬɤɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɟ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ. Ʉ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɵ, ɪɚɫɬɭɳɢɟ ɜ ɤɢɫɥɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɩɪɢ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ (ɦɟɡɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɰɢɞɨɮɢɥɵ). ɋɸɞɚ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɪɹɞ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɨɞɚ Thiobacillus. ȼɬɨɪɭɸ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɰɢɞɨɮɢɥɵ ȼ. acidocaldarius, Sulfolobus acldocaldarius, Thermoplasma acldophilum.

ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧ ɬɢɨɛɚɰɢɥɥ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɯ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɤɚɪɢɨɬ. ɍ ɬɢɨɛɚɰɢɥɥ ɧɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ ɤɚɤɢɯ-ɥɢɛɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɢɥɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚ ɚɰɢɞɨɮɢɥɢɸ.

ɍɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɰɢɞɨɮɢɥɨɜ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ

ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɢ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧ. Ɍɚɤ, ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɫɬɟɧɤɚ ȼ. acidocaldarius ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ ɢɡ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɝɪɚɦɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɩɟɩɬɢɞɨɝɥɢɤɚɧɚ. Ʉɥɟɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɫɬɟɧɤɚ ɚɪɯɟɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɥɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɭɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɰ, ɩɪɨɱɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɰɢɬɨɩɥɚɡɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɨɣ; ɩɟɩɬɢɞɨɝɥɢɤɚɧɚ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɟɟ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɧɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ. ɍ Thermoplasma acidophilum ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɧɟɬ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ.

ȼ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɚɯ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɰɢɞɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɥɢɩɢɞɵ ɧɟɨɛɵɱɧɨɝɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɨɧɨɫɥɨɣɧɭɸ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɭ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɭɸ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ Th. acidophilum,

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