- •Английский язык Учебное пособие для второго и третьего года обучения в бакалавриате по специальностям «Социология» и «Политология»
- •1.1 Lead-in
- •1.2 Language input
- •1.2.1 Consult a dictionary and practice the pronunciation of the following words and word combinations, quote the sentences in which they are used in the text or submit the examples of your own.
- •1.3 Background information The Political and Economic Profile of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- •1.4 Comprehension
- •1.4.1 Give extensive answers to the questions. Use the following expressions to present your answers:
- •1.4.2 Scan the text and quest for definitions in the Internet to determine whether these statements are true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •1.4.3 Develop the following ideas. Make use of the active vocabulary and helpful phrases given in brackets:
- •1.4.4 Comment on the following topics thinking like sociologists:
- •1.9 Grammar back up The Infinitive
- •1. Is the verb followed by a full or bare Infinitive?
- •Insert to before the infinitive where required. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •2. Which verbs are followed by Complex Object?
- •3. Is the infinitive or the ing-form used after the verbs of perception?
3. Is the infinitive or the ing-form used after the verbs of perception?
a. The bare infinitive generally refers to the complete action:
I watched the secretary type a letter on a paper with a printed letterhead.
(i.e. from start to finish)
b. The -ing form generally refers to an action in progress:
I watched the secretary typing a letter on a paper with a printed letterhead. (i.e. I saw part of the action)
c. We may use hear, observe, perceive, see in the passive + -ing or a to-infinitive:
She was seen executing the order.
She was seen to execute the order.
d. We may also use Past Participle as a part of Complex object:
The freight forwarders watched the crates loaded.
Exercise 3
Join these pairs of sentences, deciding if to use a bare infinitive or -ing.
Model 1: Mr. Roberts was examining the document. Mr. Thorn saw him.
– Mr. Thorn saw him examining the document.
1. She was informing the press. I heard her.
I heard _________________________________________________ .
2. The clerks were instructing the manager. They were seen.
The clerks were seen ________________________________ .
3. He was reading the above mentioned document. Mr. Ray saw it.
Mr. Ray saw ____________________________________________.
4. The authorities were looking through the proposals very thoughtfully.
The secretary noticed that.
The secretary noticed _________________________________________.
5. The officials were examining budget carefully. The visitors of the Senate watched it.
The visitors of the Senate watched _______________________ .
Model 2: Mr. Roberts examined the document. Mr. Thorn saw him.
– Mr. Thorn saw him examine the document.
1. The typist said the amendments were attached. She was heard.
The typist was heard _______________________________________.
2 They discussed the ways of ruling the country. I listened to them.
I listened ______________________________________________ .
3. One of the clerks told a lie. Everybody heard it.
Everybody heard __________________________________________.
4. She made a lot of spelling mistakes typing a resolution. The boss noticed it.
The boss noticed ________________________________________.
5. The authority body examined the documents. We saw it.
We saw ________________________________________________.
**вводное слово/предложение; парентеза