Index

Symbols						admin pager 424			configuring the NET-SNMP sn-
.NET						age monitoring			mpd 190–192
querying		configuration			data	of a file see check file age			in SNMP 183–184, 190–192
371						of a Windows file 363			switching on/off at the Web in-
$ARG1$	53					agent (SNMP) 178			terface 58
$ARG2$	53					aggregate status updates		424	authorized for all host commands
$HOSTADDRESS$			53, 90			alias 44, 47, 50–52, 226			443
$USER1$	53, 59					Alias (Apache)	33		authorized for all hosts 58, 443
$USERx$ macros			59, 438			alternating states see flapping			authorized for all service commands
24x7 45, 49, 54, 220						Amavis			443
2d coords 310						monitoring	92		authorized for all services		58, 444
3D display						Apache			authorized for configuration infor-
monitored computer				see	sta-	configuration 33–34			mation 296, 444
tuswrl.cgi						configuration file 27			authorized for system commands
3d coords 310						home page	35		444
						setting the environment vari-			authorized for system information
A						able 57			444
accept passive host checks				424		Apache 1.3			auto reschedule checks 425
accept passive service checks					424,	and Nagios	33		auto rescheduling interval		425
442						Apache 2.0			auto rescheduling window		425
access control see authentication						and Nagios	33		avail.cgi 275, 296–297, 305
accounts						APAN 349			availability report	see avail.cgi
creating		161				APC-UPSs			availability states	75
acknowledgement			278, 288			monitoring	126, 149–150
as a display criterion for sta-						APC-USVs			B
tus.cgi 282						monitoring	128		backup
displaying in the Web interface						apcupsd 126, 149–150			monitoring 240
290						arguments			BB see Big Brother
via cellphone			295			for check commands		53	Big Brother 19
via WAP		295				AS/400			booting see system start
action url 308						querying system load		213	browser refresh
additional information						ash programming 412			configuring 58
adding to Nagios Web page 43						asynchronous events
address 44, 226						processing	240		C
admin email		424				authentication			Cacti 19, 350

447

Index

CCMS 388–398	check by ssh 82, 108, 157–160			host entry 89
CCMS plugins 394–398	passive mode 160			options 89
CDEF 346	check cluster			test 32–33, 90
cell phone	installation		31	use with negate 156
as a display device for Nagios	check command		44, 48	vs. check ping	88
295	check dhcp 124–126			warning limit	89
number for SMS see pager	check dig	107–108		check ifoperstatus	83, 203–205
certificate	check disk	134–136, 171–172		check ifstatus 83, 201–203

testing the lifespan

101

evaluating

performance

data

check imap

95

testing the time span 111

graphically

324

check ldap

121–124

Web server testing

81

evaluating

performance

data

check load

137–138

cfg dir

39, 269, 425

with NagiosGrapher 345–348

check log

141–144

cfg file

38, 425

check dns

106–107

check log2

143

CGI configuration 57–59

check dummy

154, 241, 258

check mailq

147–148

CGI programs

for Windows 374

check mysql

120–121

avail.cgi

see avail.cgi

check external commands

240,

check nagios 150–152

calling

your own

˜

see ac-

426

check nrpe

tion url

check file age

148–149

for monitoring NRPE

234

cmd.cgi

see cmd.cgi

check for orphaned services

426

monitoring Windows

systems

config.cgi

see config.cgi

check freshness 244

371

extinfo.cgi

see extinfo.cgi

and notification failure criteria

running plugins on third-party

histogram.cgi

see

his-

236

computers 171–173

togram.cgi

check ftp

97

check nt 354–370

history.cgi

see history.cgi

check host

91

installation 363–364

interaction with Nagios

273

check host freshness 426

check ntp

145–146

notifications.cgi			see notifica-		check http 81, 98–103				check oracle 114, 415
tions.cgi					critical limit value 99				check oracle writeaccess		115, 415
outages.cgi		see outages.cgi			for Windows 374				check pcmeasure 379–382
showlog.cgi		see showlog.cgi			reaction to a Web server redirect				check period 45, 49
status.cgi see status.cgi					99				vs. notification period 45
statusmap.cgi			see	sta-	regular expressions		in queries		check pgsql 115, 117–118
tusmap.cgi					99				check ping
statuswml.cgi			see	sta-	specifying user and		password		vs. check icmp	88
tuswml.cgi					for the test	99			check pop 95
statuswrl.cgi		see statuswrl.cgi			testing SSL connection 101				check procs 138–141
summary.cgi		see summary.cgi			testing the lifespan of a certifi-				check sap 386–387, 394
tac.cgi	see tac.cgi				cate 101				check sap cons 393–397
trends.cgi see trends.cgi					warning limit 99				check sap instance	394
working with Nagios 84					check icmp 88–91				check sap instance cons		395
CGI scripts	see CGI programs				and Windows 374				check sap mult no thr		395, 397–
cgi.cfg 39,	57–59,		152, 275,	292,	as a host check 91				398
296, 443–446					as a service check 90–91				check sap multiple	395
change of state					critical limit	89			check sap system	395
continual see flapping					evaluating	performance		data	check sap system cons 395
check-host-alive 45					with Nagiosgraph 322				check sensors 152–154
check-iftraffic 207–209					evaluating	performance		data	check service freshness		426
check apc	150				with NagiosGrapher		343–345		check simap 95

448

Index

check smtp

81, 92–95

command)

356–357

ogy

critical limit 93

clock times

overview of all

67

for Windows

374

restricting actions

54

overview of individual 67

warning limit

93

cluster

recommended

configuration

check snmp

83, 196–201

monitoring 31

file

39

check snmp cpfw

210

cmd.cgi

274, 288–290, 304, 311

shutdown during power failure

check snmp disk

205–207

collect2.pl 337

149

check snmp int 209

comma-separated list

see CSV

states

46

check snmp load

209, 212–213

command (object 54

computer address

check snmp mem

209

command (object)

42, 53

defining see address

check snmp proc

205–207

command object

computer name

check snmp process

209

for e-mail notification

see

defining see host name

check snmp storage

209–212

notify-by-email

CONFIG (NC Net command) 370

check snmp vrrp

209

for

evaluating

performance

config.cgi

275, 295–296

check spop

95

data

316, 317

configuration

37–59

check squid

103–105

command check interval

427

checking

61

check ssh 108–110

command file

427

for

using

Nagiosgraph

320–

for Windows

374

commands

321

check swap

136–137

defining to be run in SNMP

for using Perf2rrd

326–327

check tcp 82, 110–112

queries

193

overview of all objects 275

stipulating IPv4 or IPv6 112

for notification

see notifica-

testing

63

critical limit value

95

tion command

configuration changes

for FTP monitoring

97–98

comment file

427

applying 64

for monitoring POP3 and IMAP

comments

configuration directory 27

92

deleting on problem hosts

278

configuration file

for POP and IMAP monitoring

in configuration files

39

for computer 39

95–97

looking at for hosts

285

for services 39

for Windows

374

looking at for services 285

for snmpd

see snmpd.conf

to check SAP

383

maintaining on problem hosts

configuration files

to monitor SAP

387

277, 288

cgi.cfg

see cgi.cfg

using SSL 112

nonpermanent

403, 406

checkcommands.cfg

see

warning limit

95, 110

community (SNMP)

183

checkcommands.cfg, misccom-

check time

146–147

configuring for snmpd 190

mands.cfg

for Windows

374

default values

186

for check logs.pl

143

check traffic 207

specifying in check snmp

197

for Nagiosgraph

see map and

check udp 82, 112–114

compilation

29

nagiosgraph.conf

for Windows

374

computer

for NSCA

see nsca.cfg

check ups 127, 129–131

defining

see host (object)

for

NSCA

clients

see

check users

144

defining

dependencies

see

send nsca.cfg

checkcommands.cfg

90, 91, 225

hostdependency (object)

for PCMeasure query software

Checkpoint firewall

excluding

from

notification

see pcmeasure4linux.cfg

monitoring 210

220

for

snmptrapd

see

sn-

chmod

161

grouping

see

hostgroup

(ob-

mptrapd.conf

chown

161

ject)

nagios.cfg

see nagios.cfg

Cisco components

monitor all of a user

58

NagiosGrapher

see

querying system load 213

monitoring in different network

ngraph.ncfg

CLIENTVERSION

(NSClient/NC Net

segments

see

network topol-

nrpe.cfg

see

nrpe.cfg,

dr-

449

Index

raw.conf

Cricket 350

check nt 356

object-related 39

CRITICAL (state)

16, 17, 48, 75, 85,

check ntp

146

resource.cfg

see resource.cfg

88

check pgsql

117

syslog-ng

see syslog-ng.conf

as a display criterion for sta-

check snmp

197, 201

configurations files

tus.cgi 282

check snmp in lm-sensors

200

main configuration file

445

force/suppress notification

219

check snmp load 213

configure command

macro 227

check tcp

111

for Nagios 27, 33

marking in the Web interface

check time

146, 147

for NRPE

167, 172

66

check udp

113

for NSCA

248

negating return value

155

check users

145

contact (object)

42, 50–52, 223

resetting manually

see

error

CPULOAD 358

defining

external

notification

states

detail of performance data

146

programs

224

return value

143, 154, 244

cron

defining notification states

221

critical limit see threshold

for

Nagios

self-monitoring

defining notification times

222

check apc

150

151, 152

contact groups

17

check by ssh

157, 159

used to run service checks

84

contact

persons

see

contact

(ob-

check dig

107

CSMA/CD 182

ject)

check disk

134

CSV

and usernames for the Web in-

check file age

148

availability data as ˜ 296

terface

36

check http

98, 99

Cygwin

353, 373

contact sensor 378

check icmp

88, 89

˜ plugins 373–374

contact groups

45, 50

check iftraffic

207

contact name

51

check ldap

121, 123

D

contactgroup (object)

42, 52, 221

check load

137

Daemon Tools

328

Cortona

294

check mailq

147

data backup

see backup

counter

314

check nt 355

database

COUNTER (NC Net command)

365–

check ntp

145

testing

17

367

check pgsql

115

databases

CPU load

check procs

138, 139

and service dependencies

237

caused by a program

138

check smtp

92

monitoring

114–121, 415–422

checking

138, 139

check snmp

196

date format

40, 427

in the UCD-SNMP-MIB

189

check snmp load 212

ddraw

330–335

monitoring in Windows

366

check squid

103, 105

Debian

of an SAP instance

394

check swap

136

NET-SNMP

184

on Windows computers

357–

check tcp

95

NRPE installation 166

358

check udp

113

smsclient installation

228

testing

82, 137

check ups

129

default statusmap layout

58, 444

testing

via

SNMP

195–196,

check users

145

default statuswrl layout

58,

292,

209, 212–213

CPULOAD

358

445

CPU runtime

in performance data

146

default user name 445

of program monitoring

138

specifying

88

delivery number

CPU temperature

critical threshold

for SMS

see pager

testing via SNMP 200

check apc

150

Department of Defense 179

CPULOAD

(NSClient/NC Net com-

check file age

149

dependencies

mand)

357–358

check iftraffic

208

between computers

see host-

crashed

computer

see

DOWN

check load

137

dependency (object)

(state)

check mailq

147, 148

between NSClient/NC Net

and

450

Index

monitored services 357

SNMP

192

as histogram 298

between

services

see

ser-

e-mail delivery command

see

showing graphically

see

his-

vicedependency (object)

notify-by-email

togram.cgi

circular

63

e-mail server testing see SMTP

Exchange for Nagios addons 81

implied

237

egrep

addons for managing mainte-

development packages 26

excluding comments and empty

nance times

304

DHCP

lines 57

logos and icons

310

monitoring

see check dhcp

email 52, 225, 226

NagiosGrapher

336

dig

embedded Perl

29

network plugins

103

to monitor

name servers

see

enable event handlers

428, 442

NRPE

plugins

for

Windows

check dig

enable flap detection

403,

406,

371, 373

distributed monitoring

84,

239,

428, 442

NRPE source code

167

247, 265–272

enable notifications 218, 428, 442

NSClient 354

DNS

encryption

Oracle plugin 115

monitoring

105–108

NSCA

251

ping plugin for Windows 374

monitoring

nameservers

see

ENUMCONFIG

(NC Net

command)

proxy test 103

check dig

370

SNMP plugins 205

documentation

37

ENUMCOUNTER (NC Net command)

Squid test 103

linking on hosts in Nagios

308

364–365

Exchange Server

DOWN (state) 46, 74, 75, 219

ENUMCOUNTERDESC (NC Net com-

monitoring

93

as display criterion for status.cgi

mand)

365

execute host checks

429

282

ENUMPROCESS (NC Net command)

execute service checks

429, 442

macro 226

367

Exim

marking in the Web interface

ENUMSERVICE (NC Net command)

monitoring mail queue 147

66

367

monitoring the mail queue

148

downtime

error messages

63

External Command File

240

flexible length 305

interval

see

notifica-

extinfo.cgi

274, 277, 284–287, 304,

for hosts

306

tion interval

404–406

for services

306–307

restricting number of

75

adding

additional

information

planned

see maintenance pe-

error states

308

riod

resetting manually

258–259

planning

307

escalation management

18,

231–

F

scheduling

304

234

failed logins

taking into account for mes-

for computers see hostescala-

monitoring on 142

sages 219

tion (object)

failure

downtime file

428

for services see serviceescala-

of network

ranges

detecting

drive capacity

see hard

drive ca-

tion (object)

290

pacity

Ethernet 182

of partial networks

275

drraw.conf 331–332

event broker 29, 429

Fast Ethernet interface

DSL connection

event handler

409–413

monitoring traffic

208

warning limit for ping

86

vs. OCSP and OCHP

265

Fedora

dummy plugin

see check dummy

event broker options 428

NRPE installation 166

event handler timeout

429

FHS

27

E

eventlog see Windows eventlog

FIFO

240

e-mail address

EVENTLOG

(NC Net

command)

file

for notifications see email

368–370

changing owner

see chown

specifying of the admin in NET-

events

changing

permissions

see

451

Index

chmod			groupadd 161	role in flap detection		406
monitoring modification		date	groups	vs. ping service	47, 63, 75
see check file age			creating 161	with check icmp 91
monitoring via SNMP 189				host dependencies	234
size	monitoring	see	H	host dependency (object)		238
check file age			hard disk capacity	host group (object)	57
FILEAGE	(NSClient/NC Net	com-	testing 136	host MIB 188
mand)	363		hard drive capacity	host name

Filesystem Hierarchy Standard see			checking 134		defining (plugin option) 88
FHS			checking with SNMP	198	host-notify-by-email 224, 226–
firewall			displaying graphically	324	227
environments indirect		tests in	monitoring with SNMP 210		host-notify-by-sms 224
174, 236			of Windows hosts	displaying	host check timeout 430
First Level Support			graphically 324		host freshness check interval 430
informing of problems		231	testing 82		host inter check delay method
flap detection see flapping			testing on Windows computers		430
flap detection enabled 404, 407			359–360, 370		host name 44, 48, 56, 226, 308
flapping 219, 226			testing with SNMP	194–195,	host notification commands 52
as a display criterion for sta-			209, 212		host notification options	51
tus.cgi 282			hard drive capactiy		host notification period	51
flapping (state)	46, 401–407		testing with SNMP 205		host perfdata command	317, 430
for services	406		hard recovery 77		host perfdata file 431

host	406–407			hard state	45, 48, 72, 75, 217, 404		host perfdata file mode 431
with services		402		header files see development pack-			host perfdata file processing command
flapping services		see flapping		ages			431
FREEDISKSPACE (NC Net command)				health check see lm-sensors			host perfdata file processing interval
370				help			431
freeWRL	294			in the Web interface 58			host perfdata file template 431
frequency				Help Desk			hostdependency (object) 43
of a state representing graphi-				informing of problems 231			hostescalation (object) 43, 232, 233
cally	see histogram.cgi			high flap threshold 407			hostextinfo (object) 43, 292, 307–
frequency of state				high host flap threshold 406, 430			310
showing graphically			see his-	high service flap threshold		403,	hostgroup
togram.cgi				430			downtime for all services of
freshness	checks	see	freshness	histogram.cgi 275, 298–299			306
mechanism				history see history.cgi			showing in the status display
freshness	mechanism 236, 243–			history.cgi	275, 299		279
245				hitlist			hostgroup (object) 41, 46–47
FTP				problematic hosts 302			applying with NRPE 174
monitoring 97–98				host 16			selecting for status display			280
				host (object) 41, 44–46			hostgroup name		47, 48, 56
G				host check	16, 32, 44, 74		hostgroups	44
global host event handler			429	active	239		hostname
global service event handler 429				beyond reachability tests		91	defining	see host name
graphics				passive	239–243, 258, 371		hosts
adding to Nagios Web page 43				resetting error state manually			availability		statistics	see
green (state) 16				see error states			avail.cgi

452

Index

extensive information on indi-

INSTANCES

(NC Net

command)

L

vidual

284

365, 367

LDAP see OpenLDAP

htpasswd

35, 51

instant client (Oracle)

see Oracle

monitoring

see check ldap

HTTP

interface

libraries

monitoring 97–103

for external commands

18, 34,

required for compiling

26

testing

81

81, 84, 160, 240–241, 247, 288–

limit see critical limit, warning limit

HTTP header

290

limit value

manipulating 81

Internet services

critical 88

humidity

testing 81–82

critical (check by ssh)

159

monitoring 377–382

Internet

Standard

Management

lm-sensors 152–154

Framework

178

information in the UCD-SNMP-

I

interval

MIB 189

I2C 152

between

error messages

see

reading

out

information

via

icon

notification interval

SNMP 200

adding your own in the Web in-

between error notifications

see

specifying thresholds

200

terface

see icon image

notification interval

temperature

query via SNMP

icon image

309

between service checks

49

200

icon image alt

309

interval check

220, 223

load

ident daemon

116

interval length

432

of a network interface

see

identd

IP address

check-iftraffic

monitoring 374

defining

see address

load status

illegal macro output chars

432

defining (plugin option)

88

of a UPS

150

illegal object name chars

432

IPv4 stipulating

88

lock file 432

IMAP

check by ssh 159

log file entries

monitoring 92, 95–97

check http

101

for NSCA

250

monitoring via SSL/TLS

95–97

check ldap

123

generating

314–316

IMAP3S see IMAP via SSL/TLS

check pgsql

117

graphical

overview

of

see

imprecision

check smtp

93

showlog.cgi

in SNMP

see rounding up

check ssh

109

incomplete

297

indirect checks

158, 174–175, 236

check tcp

112

log files

inetd

IPv6 stipulating

88

evaluating

see syslog

configuration for NRPE 169,

check by ssh 159

evaluating the Windows event-

252

check http

101

log 368

inheritance

check ldap

123

evaluating

Windows

Eventlog

of dependencies 236

check pgsql

117

370

installation

25–31, 240

check smtp

93

filtering

after

states

see

his-

check nt

363–364

check ssh

109

tory.cgi

drraw

330

check tcp

112

for NagiosGrapher 341, 349

isapinfo

384

is volatile

257, 259, 263, 370

monitoring

see check log

Nagiosgraph 318

ISDN

monitoring the Nagios log file

NC Net

355, 363–364

sending SMS via 229

see check nagios

NRPE

166–168

ISDN connection

log archive path

432

NRPE NT

372

warning limit for ping 86

log event handlers 433

NSCA

248–249

ISO (organization) 179

log external commands 433

NSClient

354–355

log file 433

Perf2rrd

326

J

log host retries

433

RRDtools

330

jitter 145, 146

log initial state

298

453

Index

log initial states		433	main config file 58, 445		MTA
log notifications		434	maintenance window		monitoring	see check smtp
log passive checks 434			addons for maintenance 304		MySQL
log rotation method 299, 434			display in the Web interface		creating a database 119
log service retries 434			282, 286		monitoring	119–121
logcheck	255		for hosts	305	starting in network mode 119
logins			make options	29, 38
failed	see failed logins		Management Information Base see		N

low flap threshold 404, 407		MIB			nagcmd (group)		26
low host flap threshold 406, 434		management nodes		(SNMP) see	Nagios
low service flap threshold	403,	nodes			monitoring		see	self-
435		manager (SNMP) 178			monitoring
lpd		manufacturer MIB	201		reload 327
restart automatically if it fails		map 318, 322–325			restarting	see restart
409		max check attempts		45, 48, 49, 76,	stopping	285
restarting automatically on fail-		217, 404, 410			nagios (group) 26
ure 413		in connection with log file mon-			nagios (program)		61–63
		itoring 141			start via start script 63
M		representation	Web interface		nagios (user)	26
Mac OS X		66			read permissions when			using

monitoring 353		max concurrent checks	435	check log 142
macros 53, 59, 225–227		max host check spread	64, 435	Nagios Exchange see Exchange for
$ADMINEMAIL$	424	max service check spread 64, 435		Nagios addons
$ADMINPAGER$	424	mbrowse 186–187		Nagios Remote Plugin Executor see
$HOSTATTEMPT$	411	measured values		NRPE

$HOSTSTATETYPE$

411

displaying over time

19

Nagios Service Check Acceptor

see

$HOSTSTATE$ 411

measuring temperature

NSCA

$SERVICEATTEMPT$

411

as a host check

92

nagios-snmp-plugins 205–207

$SERVICESTATETYPE$

411

members

47, 50, 57

nagios.cfg 38–43, 218, 311, 424–

$SERVICESTATE$

411

memory

442

$USERx$ see $USERx$ macros

monitoring

139

activating

freshness checking

used in e-mail delivery

226

MEMUSE

(NSClient/NC Net

com-

243

mail queue

mand)

358–359

allowing passive

host checks

monitoring

see

check mailq,

messages

45

242

see check mailq

stopping

see

notifica-

configuration for

Nagiosgraph

mail server testing see SMTP

tions enabled

320

mailing lists

MIB 178

defining time unit

43

nagiosplug-help

31

of the manufacturer

201

flap detection 403, 406

main configuration

file

see

na-

MIB-II

181–183, 188

log rotation

299

gios.cfg

Microsoft Exchange Server 93

passive service checks 241

main memory

Microsoft Windows

see Windows

processing

performance

data

consumption monitoring 138

misccommands.cfg

225, 268

315–317

in the host MIB 188

modification date

switching on OCSP/OCHP 266

monitoring

with

SNMP

209–

of

a

file

monitoring

see

switching on processing of ex-

212

check file age

ternal commands

240

testing on Windows computers

movement detector

378

NAGIOS CGI CONFIG

(environment

358–359

MRTG

19, 209

variable) 57

454

Index

nagios check command 152, 445		NET-SNMP	184–196, 260			notification options	46, 49
nagios group 435		configuration see snmpd.conf				in case of escalation		233
nagios user	435	defining system and local infor-				in connection with check log
Nagiosgraph	314, 317–325	mation	192			142
debug level 320		plugins specialized in ˜		205		notification period	45,	49, 220,
delimiter	317	special	features	in	the	223, 231

nagiosgraph.conf

319–320

check snmp load call 212

in case of escalation

233

NagiosGrapher

314, 336–349

NET-SNMPD 83

notification timeout

436

configuration

338–349

network

notifications

17–18, 215–238

installation

336–338

detecting outages

74

as a display criterion for sta-

Name server

see DNS

network connection

tus.cgi 282

named pipe

84, 240, 427

slow warning limits

86

commands

52, 224

creating a 327

network interfaces

globally switching on and off

for NagiosGrapher

339

monitoring via SNMP 83, 200

289

for NSCA 250

testing load

see check-iftraffic

graphic overview

see notifica-

problems with Nagios 2.0 beta

network outages 74

tions.cgi

330

network segments

73

looking

at

sent

see notifica-

navigation area

274

network services

tions.cgi

customizing

283

testing 81–82

periodic

see interval check

NC Net 81, 354–371

network topology

preventing

285

changing configuration

370

accounting for

46

stopping in general

see en-

defining

the

Performance

taking into account

72

able notifications

Counter

364–365

network traffic

switching off for hosts of a

installation

355, 363–364

observing see check-iftraffic

group 284

listing services

367

Network UPS Tools

126–131

time

interval

see

notifica-

monitoring processes

362

networktopology

tion interval

monitoring processor load 366

taking into account

17–75

notifications.cgi

275, 300–301

monitoring the age of a file

ngraph.ncfg 337–345

notifications enabled

219

363

nmbd

notify-by-email 224–227

monitoring uptime

360–361

monitoring

138

notify-by-sms 224, 230–231

monitoring

Windows

services

nodes 181

NRPE 82–83, 165–175

361–362

nodes (SNMP) 179

example of service dependen-

querying configuration

370

Nokia-VRRP cluster

cies

234

querying eventlog

368–370

monitoring

209

for Windows see NRPE NT

querying process list

367

normal check attempts

49

monitoring

234

querying

the

client

version

normal check interval

49, 76, 286,

nrpe.cfg

167, 170–172

356–357

404

for Windows 372, 374

querying the configuration 370

notes 308

NRPE NT

371–375

querying

the

Performance

notes url 308

configuration 372

Counter

365–367

notification

installation

372

querying WMI database

371

commands

52

NSCA 84, 239, 247–265

testing CPU load 357–358

preventing

46

client configuration

252–253

testing

hard

drive

capacity

notification command

52

configuring

the

Nagios server

359–360, 370

defining 224–231

249–252

testing main memory

358–359

notification interval

45, 49, 220,

daemon

247

negate 155–156

223, 231

encryption

251

for Windows 374

for escalation

233

installation

248–249

455

Index

processing SNMP traps 260

ocsp command

266, 437

Perf2rrd 325–330

testing functionality 254

ocsp timeout

266, 437

perfdata timeout 437

nsca.cfg

249–251

OID 179

Performance Counter

364

NSClient

81, 354–363

querying

184–187

defining

364–365

and service dependencies 237

OK (state)

17, 48, 75, 85

querying

365–367

installation 354–355

macro

227

Performance

Counter

instances

monitoring processes

362

negating return value 155

365

monitoring the age of a file

return value

154

performance data 87, 96, 313–350

363

OpenLDAP

for overall system 291

monitoring uptime 360–361

monitoring

138

format 314

monitoring

Windows

services

restart by event handler 413

processing through an external

361–362

OpenNMS 260

command

317

querying Performance Counters

OpenSSH 158

processing via template

314–

367

OpenVRML

294

316

querying

the

client

version

operating status

performance problems

356–357

of a network interface testing

of Nagios revealing

286

testing CPU load

357–358

203

periodic notification

see interval

testing

hard

drive

capacity

Oracle

check

359–360

instant client 416–417

Perl

testing main memory

358–359

monitoring

114, 115, 415–422

embedded

see embedded Perl

NSClient+ 354

orphaned service 426

for Windows 375

nslookup

outages

ICP::Open2 module

418

to check

name

services

see

detecting in network 74

plugins for Windows

374–375

check dns

outages.cgi

275, 295

searching in ˜ 322

NTP

Perl modules

for monitoring system time

see

P

installing

31, 336

check ntp

pager 225

Perl script

ntpdate

145

parents 46, 63, 72–73, 238, 306

as a plugin

17

ntpq

145

passive mode

permissions

nut

127

check by ssh 160

changing on file

see chmod

password

PerParse 349

O

in SNMP

183

physical html path 58, 446

object 41–43

password file

ping 32, 45, 47, 62, 88

object definitions

for logging in to the Web front

check for Windows

374–375

displaying

see config.cgi

end see htpasswd

warning limits 86

object identifier

see OID

PCAnywhere

plugin 79, 81–83, 87

object types

41–43

monitoring

112

differences

between

versions

object cache file

436

PCmeasure (sensor query program)

1.3.1 and 1.4 166

obsess over host

267, 436

379

executing via SSH

82

obsess over hosts

266

PCmeasure4linux.cfg 378

generic 82, 110–114

obsess over service

267, 271

PENDING (state)

local 82

obsess over services

266, 436

as a display criterion for sta-

Oracle 417–422

obsessive commands

265

tus.cgi

282

running via NRPE

see NRPE

OCHP 265–268

as criterion for service depen-

running via SSH

82, 157–163

ochp command

266, 436

dencies 235

service-specific vs. generic

81–

ochp timeout

266, 437

as display criterion for status.cgi

82

OCSP 265–268

282

wrapper

417–422

456

Index

plugin directory

53

restarting automatically on fail-

reaction of the check http plu-

plugins 17

ure 409–413

gin

99

check icmp

see check icmp

problem

refresh rate

58, 446

documentation 87

taking on 278

regexps

see regular expressions

downwards compatibility

19

PROCESS HOST CHECK RESULT

regular expressions

echo, getting return value

143,

240, 243, 253

allowing + in nagios.cfg 442

154, 206, 360, 363, 373

process perfdata command

317

in check http

99

for network services

88–131

process performance data

315,

in check logs.pl

144

for Windows 354

317, 320, 437

in check snmp

197, 200

help 87

PROCESS SERVICE CHECK RESULT

in eventlog

368

installation

30–31

84, 240, 242, 253

in Nagiosgraph

322

manipulating output

155–156

processes

in

NagiosGrapher

343,

344,

negating output

see negate

information in the host MIB

346

path to

59

188

in Perl 322

performance data

87

listing in Windows 367

with egrep

170

return status 85

monitoring

see check procs

reload

return value

75, 154

monitoring in Windows

362

of the system

64

running through SSH

371

monitoring via SNMP 205, 209

repeat

see test repeat

specifying host name

88

specifying, to be monitored via

replay attacks

specifying IP address

88

SNMP 193

on NSCA

250

standard options

87–88, 153

processor load

see CPU load

rescheduling

states 17, 75

PROCSTATE (NSClient/NC Net com-

automatic

220, 223, 224

testing

32–33

mand) 362

resource.cfg

38, 39, 53, 59, 199

timeout

86, 88

proxy

resource file

438

version information 88

monitoring

see Squid

responsible person

see contact (ob-

writing your own

415–422

pseudo tests

ject)

POP3

for freshness checks 244

restart

monitoring

92, 95–97

public-key login 160

failed services

409

POP3 via SSL/TLS

of Nagios server

285, 311

monitoring

95–97

Q

retain nonstatus information

312

POP3S see POP3 via SSL/TLS

QMail

retain state information

298, 311,

port scan

monitoring

mail

queue

147,

438

as a host check 92

148

retain status information

312

Postfix

questionable status

see WARNING

retention 311–312

monitoring

mail

queue

147,

(state)

retention update interval

151, 438

148

queues

retry check interval

49,

76,

404,

PostgreSQL

on mail server see mail queue

410

creating a database 115

return status

creating a database user 115

R

of plugins

85

monitoring

115–118

ranking list see hitlist

return value

starting in network mode

115

reboot see restart

forcing

the

defined

see

testing database

17

recovery

check dummy

postponing

after error

77

of

plugins

determining

with

tests 287

recovery (state)

46, 219

echo 143, 154, 206, 360, 363

power failure

recovery notification

142

reverse Polish notation

see RPN

shutdown computer

149

red (state) 16

RFCs

printer service

redirect

1065–1067 (SNMP)

183

457

Index

1155 (Internet namespace) 181					querying message server 385–		via NSCA	84
1155–1157 (SNMP) 183					387		via SMTP	83–84
1212	(format of an MIB) 181				SAP instance 392, 395		service dependencies		234–238
1213	(MIB-II)	188			SAPCAR	384	service dependency		(object) 234–
1901–1908 (SNMPv2c)				183	sapinfo	383–387	237
1905	(SNMPv2)		183		scheduling 64		service group
2790	(Host-MIB)		188		ScriptAlias (Apache) 33		showing, in the status display
3410	(SNMP)	179			scripting		279
3411	(SNMP)	179			in Windows 354		service check timeout 438
3411–3418 (SNMPv3)				183	search		service description 48
3414	(USM)	183			in the Web interface 67		service freshness check interval
3415	(VACM)	183			Second Level Support		438

round-robin archive

333

informing of problems

231

service inter check delay method

round-robin database 317

Secure Shell see SSH, see SSH

439

creating

with

Perf2rrd

see

segment limits

service interleave factor

439

Perf2rrd

of a network, defining

73

service notification commands

52

evaluating

graphically

see

self-healing

service notification options

52

ddraw

through event handlers

409

service notification period

51

for sensor data

380

self-monitoring

138, 150

service perfdata command

320,

to assess network traffic

207

send nsca

84, 247, 252–254, 267

439

rounding up

using with syslog-ng 256

service perfdata file 439

in SNMP

198

send nsca.cfg 252–253

service perfdata file mode

440

router

Sendmail

service perfdata file processing command

monitoring

network interfaces

monitoring

mail

queue 147,

327, 440

200

148

service perfdata file processing interval

RPN

346

sensors

440

RRA

see round-robin archive

monitoring

see lm-sensors

service perfdata file template

440

RRD

see round-robin database

service (object)

41, 47–50, 56

service reaper frequency

440

RRDtools

330

service check

16, 79–84

servicedependency (object)

42

CDEF

see CDEF

active

239

in NSClient/NC Net 357

installation

330

active preventing

241

serviceescalation (object)

42, 232–

RSH

82

active switching

288

234

command used 48

serviceextinfo

(object)

43,

307,

S

direct

81–82

310–311

Samba

passive

239–242, 258, 371

for Nagiosgraph 320

monitoring

138

passive as a display criterion for

generating with NagiosGrapher

SAP

status.cgi 282

336, 339

CCMS plugins see CCMS plug-

reachability

90–91

integrating ddraw graphics into

ins

resetting

error state manually

Nagios 335

detecting

application

server

see error states

servicegroup (object) 42, 50

386–387, 395

via NRPE

see NRPE

selecting for status display

280

interface

for

Nagios plugins

via SSH

82

servicegroup name 50

392–394

vs. host check 402

services

monitoring

383–398

service checks

availability

statistics

see

monitoring system see CCMS

active

80

avail.cgi

querying

application

server

passive

80, 84

defining dependences

see ser-

384, 386

via cronjobs

84

vicedependency (object)

458

Index

defining NRPE in /etc/˜

168

SMTP 16, 83–84, 92–95

statistics 299

detailed information on individ-

test of mail server restrictions

after RECOVERY 299

ual

284

94

source code

excluding

from

notification

testing 81

downloading 26

220

SNMP 177–213

spreading

64

grouping see servicegroup (ob-

and precision

see rounding up

sqlplus (Oracle) 416–417

ject)

and service dependencies

237

Squid

listing in Windows

367

authentication

see authentica-

cache manager 103, 104

monitor all of a user

58

tion

configuring to use check squid

overview of all

67

defining

protocol version for

104

overview of defective

67

check snmp 198

monitoring 101–105

overview of faulty

66

generic

Nagios

plugin

see

SSH

password definitions in

59

check snmp

compatibility problems in het-

recommended

configuration

in Windows

354

erogeneous environments

157

file

39

Nagios plugins

196–213

generating key pairs 160

test

commands

see

service

querying OIDs

184, 187

monitoring see check ssh

check

RFCs 179, 181, 183, 188

running plugins through

82,

test interval 49

testing several network inter-

157–163

to be monitored

see

service

faces simultaneously 201

running plugins through

371

(object)

SNMP management systems

using in event handler scripts

volatile

see volatile services

in comparison to Nagios 260

411

Windows

see

Windows

ser-

SNMP traps

178

SSL

vices

processing

240

using for the test (check tcp)

SERVICESTATE

(NSClient/NC Net

processing

with

Nagios

260–

112

command)

361–362

263

via STARTTLS see STARTTLS

shell script

snmpd 187–196

SSL (check pop, check imap) 96

as a plugin

17

configuration

see snmpd.conf

SSL capabilities

shell scripting

see bash program-

traps sent by default 261

Web server testing

81

ming

snmpd.conf

190–196, 261

SSL connection

show context help

58

snmpget 184–185

Web server testing

101

showlog.cgi

275, 301

as a utility for check snmp

197

start script

63

size

snmpgetnext

184–185

STARTTLS

96

of

a

file

monitoring

see

snmptrapd 260–261

and check tcp 112

check file age

snmptrapd.conf

260

testing, in POP And IMAP con-

sleep time

441

SNMPv1 183

nections 96

slurpd

as security model in the snmpd

STARTTLS (check smtp)

93

monitoring

138

configuration

190

state

SMBus 152

SNMPv2c 183

confirm see acknowledgement

smoke alarm 378

as security model in the snmpd

state flapping see flapping

SMS

configuration

190

state type

411

as a notification medium

227–

SNMPv3 183

state retention file 311, 441

231

security model in the snmpd

states

delivery address

see pager

configuration

190

hard and soft 72

notification program

227

snmpwalk 184–186, 189

of hosts and services 75–77

smsclient 227–231

soft recovery

77

statistics

installation

228

soft state 45, 48, 72, 75, 217

availability of hosts and services

smssend

227

accounting

for,

in frequency

see avail.cgi

459

Index

status

for the start script 64

time axis

oscillating

see flapping

syslog

of states that have occurred

status display

integrating

into

Nagios

254–

see trends.cgi

in the Web interface

see sta-

259

time details

43

tus.cgi

logging of NSCA

250

time object

see timeperiod (object)

status flags

syslog-ng

see syslog

time period

monitoring processes with spe-

documentation 255

defining 54

cific 139

syslog-ng.conf 255

for messages 220

status macros

411

system information

for

monitoring

see

status.cgi 274, 279–283, 404, 405

storing in SNMP

192

check period

output style 280

system load

see CPU load

for notification

42,

45,

51,

status file 441

system start

64

222–223

status update interval 441

system time

time protocol

statusmap.cgi

274, 291–293

checking

with

NTP

see

for monitoring system time

see

user defined map layout 310

check ntp

check time

using individual icons

309

checking with the time protocol

time unit 43

statusmap background image

446

see check time

timeout

statusmap image 309

monitoring

145–147

plugin

86, 88

statuswml.cgi

274, 295

timeperiod (object) 42, 45, 54

statuswrl.cgi

274, 293–294,

309,

T

TLS see SSL

310, 445

tac.cgi 274, 290–291, 404, 405

Token Ring

statuswrl include 446

TCP wrapper

vs. CSMA/CD (Ethernet)

182

storage space

see hard drive capac-

using with NRPE

169, 172

topology see network topology

ity

telephone number

traffic see network traffic

sudo 412

for SMS

see pager

traffic light states 16, 48

summary.cgi 275, 301–303

temp file

441

traps see SNMP traps

SuSE

temperature

trends.cgi 275, 303–304

NET-SNMP 184

monitoring

377–382

NRPE installation 166

testing via SNMP

200

U

smsclient installation

228

templates

54–56

UCD-SNMP

184

special features of the Apache

for

distributed

monitoring

UCD-SNMP-MIB 188

configuration 34

269–272

UDP services

swap area

for drraw 335

monitoring

see check udp

usage in Unix vs. Windows

359

for

processing

performance

uninterruptible

power

supply

see

swap partition

data

314–316

UPS

testing 158

to retrieve SAP monitoring data

UNKNOWN (state) 17, 75, 86

swap space

392–394

as a display criterion for sta-

in the host MIB 188

test

tus.cgi

282

in the UCD-SNMP-MIB 188

of the NSCA

254

color in the Web interface 297

monitoring with SNMP

209–

test plugin

see check dummy

displaying in the Web interface

212

test repeat

291

testing 82, 136–137

defining

number

see

force/suppress notification

219

switched-off computer

see down

max check attempts

macro

227

(state)

tests

return value

154, 155

switches

postponing

287

UNREACHABLE (state)

17,

46,

74,

monitoring 177

time

219

symbolic links

system

see system time

as display criterion for status.cgi

460

Index

282		VRML display		check tcp	95, 110
macro	226	monitored computer see sta-		check time	146, 147
UP (state)	74, 75	tuswrl.cgi		check udp	113
as a display criterion for sta-		VRML-capable browser 293		check ups	129
tus.cgi	282	vrml image 309		check users 145
as display criterion for status.cgi		VRRP 209		CPULOAD	358
282		vrwave 294		for slow network connections
macro	226			86
UPS 126		W		in performance data 146
check load 150		WAP		in plugin output 87
checking load status 150		Nagios via	295	specifying	88
monitoring 126–131, 149–150		WAP access		water alarm 378
SNMP capability 177		to Nagios	see statuswml.cgi	Web front end	see Web interface
upsd 127		WARNING (state) 16, 17, 75, 85		Web interface	18, 64–68, 273–312

upsmon

127

as a display criterion for sta-

configuration 33–36

uptime

137

tus.cgi 282

context-dependent help 58

testing on Windows computers

force/suppress notification

219

displaying host groups 41

360–361

macro 227

general overview 65, 274

UPTIME

(NSClient/NC Net

com-

marking in the Web interface

granting a user access to every-

mand) 360–361

66

thing 58

URL

resetting

manually see

error

overview of all hosts and ser-

adding to Nagios Web page 43

states

vices 67

url html path 58, 446

return value

154, 155

overview of defective services

urlize 156

warning limit

67

for Windows

374

check apc

150

overview of faulty services 66

use authentication 58, 443

check by ssh 159

representation of flapping ser-

use regexp matching 441

check dig

107

vices 404–406

use retained program state

442

check disk 134

representing service groups 42

use retained scheduling info

442

check file age

149

search options 67

use syslog 442

check http

99

showing a single host 67

use true regexp matching 442

check icmp

89

showing virtual hosts as links

USEDDISKSPACE

(NSClient/NC Net

check iftraffic

208

99

command) 359–360

check ldap

122

starting 34

user

check load

137

switching authentication on/off

creating

161

check mailq

147, 148

58

user account

check nt

356

welcome screen 64

creating

see creating user

check ntp

146

Web proxy

user permissions

check pcmeasure

380

monitoring

see Squid

changing on file see chmod

check pgsql

117

Web server

useradd

161

check procs

139

specifying

user and password

users

check smtp

93

for the test

99

logged in, monitoring number

check snmp

197, 201

testing see HTTP

of 144

check snmp

in

lm-sensors

testing the lifespan of a certifi-

query 200

cate 101

V

check snmp load

212

weekdays

volatile services

142, 257–258

check squid

105

restricting actions 54

voltage detector

378

check swap

136

Windows

461

Index

listing processes 367			Windows server			X
listing services		367	monitoring 81			xinetd
monitoring 353–375			Windows services			configuration for NRPE	168
NRPE	see	NRPE NT, see	monitoring 361–362			configuration for NSCA	251
NRPE NT			WMI database
Performance Counter see Per-			querying	371		Y
formance Counter			WMICOUNTER (NC Net		command)	yaps 227
querying eventlog 368–370			371			yellow (state) 16
querying WMI database 371			WMIQUERY	(NC Net	command)
scripting	354		371			Z
SNMP 354			WML see statuswml.cgi			zombies
Windows eventlog		353				checking system for 139

462