Power Plant

Any kindofvehiclemust move. Theabilityto movedemandspower. A machine that produces mechanical power or energy is called anengineor a power plant. Every engine must meet a number of requirements. First of all the engine must have the maximum power (orthrust) for minimumweight. Therefore every engine is to have the reduced weight per horse power of the engine. The weight inpoundsper horse poweroutputmay bedefinedas weight/powerratio.

Then the fuel consumption must be as low as possible. And on the contrary the amount of power produced from consumed fuel for a given period of time must be as high as possible.

Another demand is the proper engine flexibility. Flexibility is the ability to run smoothly and perform properly at all speeds and through all variations of atmospheric conditions.

One more important requirement is the engine reliability. The engine is to have a long life with maximum of time between overhaul periods.

Besides, any engine must be started easily and carry its full load in a few minutes.

The necessity of carrying away excess heat developed by the engine has always been a problem of first importance too.

As mentioned before the power plant is a means of propulsion. Nowadays there exist many types of engines used for various purposes. There are gasoline engines, diesel engines, gas turbines, steam turbines, jet engines and rocket engines. Each of them has certain advantages and disadvantages over other forms of power plants.

Задание 10. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What machine produces thrust?

2. What must the weight of any engine be?

3. Is it important to decrease the fuel consumption of the power plant?

4. What is the engine flexibility?

5. What must the period between engine overhauls be?

6. What necessity arises due to excess heat of the power plant?

7. How can you characterise the aviation power plant?

8. What types of engines do there exist nowadays?

9. Are all the engines equal in their (operation) qualities?

Задание 11. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Что называется силовой установкой?

2. Расход топлива должен быть как можно меньше.

3. Каждый двигатель должен работать как можно дольше без ремонта?

4. Двигатель должен запускаться легко и быстро достигать полную мощность.

5. Почему важной проблемой является необходимость устранения избытка тепла?

6. Сегодня существует много видов двигателей, не так ли?

7. Есть ли у двигателей недостатки?

Unit 2 Конструкция двигателей

Задание 1. Прослушайте, повторите и запомните слова:

1. performance - летные характеристики

2. wide-body airliner - широкофюзеляжный

авиалайнер

3. surpass - превосходить

4. create - создавать

5. contradictory - противоречивый

6. determination - определение

7. convert - превращать

8. accomplish - совершать, выполнять

9. strength - прочность

10. loss - потери

11. facility - вспомогательные

средства

12. steam - пар

13. influence - оказывать влияние

14. advancement - усовершенствование

15. melting point - точка плавления

16. development - развитие

17. achievement - достижение

18. contaminate - загрязнять

19. solve - решать

20. environment - окружающая среда

Задание 2. Найдите слова, одинаковые по значению:

1. movement 1. develop

1. create 2. transform

2. convert 3. propulsion

3. accomplish 4. because of

4. evolution 5. expert

5. due to 6. perform

6. specialist 7. development

Задание 3. Найдите слова, противоположные по значению:

1. home-made 1. low

2. result from 2. ineffective

3. high 3. result in

4. effective 4. foreign

5. move 5. finish

6. begin 6. stand

Задание 4. Прочтите и догадайтесь о значении следующих слов:

mechanical power, constant engine evolution, aircraft performance, up-to-date supersonic airliners, wide-body airliners, automatic control, measuring and information systems, to meet modern requirements, exotic engines, engine complexity, propulsion of a vehicle, weight and strength characteristics, constructional material, aircraft engine development, rocket propulsion unit.

Задание 5. Прочтите предложения, вставляя пропущенные слова.

1. TU 154 is a ….. airliner.

2. Modern ….. are necessary in this work.

3. Very soon we shall …. nuclear, plasma, ion and other engines.

4. Engine ….. influences the aircraft building.

5. The main purpose of the engine is ….. the fuel energy into the energy of .....

6. This engine meets all modern ….. .

requirements, to convert, wide-body, to create, development, facilities, propulsion.

Задание 6. Прочтите и переведите предложения:

1. Any engine can be called a propulsion unit.

2. The engine greatly influences the aircraft performance.

3. The first power plants were steam units.

4. This problem is very complex and contradictory.

5. The engine must work without loss.

6. Our engines surpass foreign units in economics and strength.

7. The melting point of the constructional material is very high.

Задание 7. Прослушайте, прочтите и переведите текст.