- •Starter асtivities
- •2. What financial components does the balance sheet contain?
- •Vocabulary focus
- •Opening inventory
- •Factory overheads
- •Interest costs
- •Cost of sales
- •Task 3. Read the text again and answer the questions.
- •B. Answer the following questions taking in account the data above.
- •Listening
- •Writing
- •2.000 2,000
- •Lower, reduce, make, list, raise, have, use
- •B. Insert the correct verb forms in the following sentences.
- •Case study
- •Test yourself
- •Vocabulary
- •Starter activities
- •1. When is a business considered to operate with profit?
- •Vocabulary focus
- •1.____________
- •Reading and discussion
- •Further speech practice
- •Planning for cash flow
- •Consolidated profit and loss account
- •Grammar focus
- •Test yourself
- •Accounting ratios
- •Vocabulary
- •Inland Revenue and Customs and Excise
- •Vocabulary focus
- •Fig. 1. Table of ratios
- •Reading and discussion task 1. Read the text and fill in the following chart.
- •Review of accounting ratios
- •Overall performance ratio
- •Profitability ratios
- •Productivity ratios
- •1St year 2nd year
- •Liquidity ratio
- •Investment ratio
- •Capital structure ratio
- •Trading and profit and loss accounts for the year ended 31 December
- •Balance sheets as at 31 December
- •Reference materials
Writing
TASK 1. Translate into English.
Балансовый отчет - это отчет, составленный на определенную дату. Он показывает стоимость активов предприятия и как были получены финансовые средства на их приобретение.
Все, чем владеет предприятие и имеет денежную стоимость, называется активами. Активы малого предприятия включают обычно наличные средства, счета к получению, оборудование, землю, здания, резервы, механизмы, транспортные средства. Они подразделяются, как правило, на оборотные и необоротные активы.
Оборотные активы - это наличные средства и активы, которые могут быть обращены в наличные в период рабочего цикла предприятия (в основном, в течение года). Они включают векселя к получению, счета к получению, рыночные ценные бумаги и запасы, а также наличные. Однако, если резервы не используются, а векселя и счета к получению не обращаются в наличные в течение года, то их следует рассматривать как постоянные средства.
Запасы (резервы) - это название дается предметам, которые покупаются и продаются с намерением получить прибыль.
TASK 2. Show the balance sheet on 13 May after all transactions below had taken place.
Balance sheet of the Officу Computers as at 8 May 2000
Bank $ capital $
2.000 2,000
9 May Negotiated a loan of $500 with his bank manager which was paid into his bank account.
10 May Purchased a motor vehicle for $34,000 from Mercedes. He paid 15,000 by cheque and agreed to pay the balance within 4 months.
11 May Withdrew $ 150 from the bank for use as cash.
12 May Purchased $450 worth of fixtures, paying for them by cheque.
13 May On his first day of selling he received $1,350 cash for the sale of computers.
GRAMMAR PAGE
TASK 1. Use the Passive Voice. Pay attention to the notes to make similar sentences.
Examples: Auditing work is spread evenly throughout the year.
The Board of Directors' report is required by law.
The accounts are followed by the Auditor's Report.
1. The annual report (publish) last week.
2. Money (spend) on research this year.
3. Expensive cars (give) to the directors5 families.
4. Earnings (depress) by foreign competition.
5. Progress of the company usually (reflect) in the growth of profits.
TASK 2. When you look up verbs in English dictionaries, you often find them marked vi (intransitive verb) or vt (transitive verb). The following verbs are transitive, it is they must take an object:
Lower, reduce, make, list, raise, have, use
Examples: They lowered my wages.
He reduced the number of cigarettes he smoked.
She listed my mistakes.
The following verbs are intransitive and cannot take an object: Fall, rise, go up/down.
Examples: The sun rises every morning.
Share prices fell.
Some verbs may be used transitively or intransitively and take an object or not; one of these is 'increase'.
Examples: The government increased public spending.
Each year the money supply increases.
Choose a grammatically correct verb for each sentence. (In each Cliff more than one verb is acceptable).
a) Profits had /fallen / lowered/decreased/ reduced
b) The government's policy had /fallen/lowered/decreased/reduced/ profits.
c) Profits had / risen / raised / increased/ gone up.
d) He hoped that a change of policy would / rise / raise / increase / profits.