1. Ответьте на вопросы, используя информацию текста.

1. What capabilities should data-processing systems combine when designed?

2. What are the main advantages of computers?

3. What do you know of computers accuracy?

4. What is the function of communication networks?

5. Give examples of a data communication network.

6. What do you understand by capacity storage?

7. What other values of computer data processing systems do you know?

8. What is an important objective in the design of computer data processing systems?

9. What is the most effective computer data processing system?

10. What is the best way of responding to the challenges and opportunities of our-industrial society?

2. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:

Система обработки информации компьютером, система ориентирования на обработку данных компьютером, сочетать возможности человека и машины, ограничивать управление, вряд ли допустят ошибку, оставаться уязвимым, недопустимые данные, легкость осуществления связи, сеть передачи информации, системы основанные на использовании спутников, служащие по резервированию жилья, получит мгновенный ответ, наводить справки, хранилище данных, корпоративная база данных, объём памяти, запоминать огромное количество информации, извлекать информацию, добавить значимости, упомянутый выше, доля секунды, подверженный ошибкам, экономически оправданный.

TEST.

1. Подберите вместо пропусков подходящее по смыслу слово.

1. Computer data ________system frees humans from routine error-prone tasks.

a) counting; b) computing; c) processing

2. Computers can store vast amount of information to organize it and ________it.

a) to travel; b) to retrieve; c) to respond

3. The entered data can be transmitted by ________networks.

a) communications; b) conversions; c) procession

4. The possibility of ________is reduced if data were correctly put into the data processing system.

a) character; b) access; c) error

5. Computer data processing systems can ________at a fraction of a second.

a) receive; b) respond; c) retrieve

6. Computer systems are vulnerable to the entry of __________data.

a) invalid; b) invariable; c) invisible

7. As soon as data were entered into the system correctly, the human ________is limited.

a) computation; b) information; c) manipulation

8. The amount of data stored on magnetic discs is constantly _________.

a) decreasing; b) increasing; c) eliminating

2. Подберите к терминам, данным в левой колонке, определения, представленные справа.

1. Inputting a) saving information for further processing;

2. Character b) the process of producing useful information;

3. Database c) meaningful collections of related characters;

4. Data elements d) the most common input device;

5. Controlling e) the part of the computer that receives and stores

data for processing;

6. Outputting f) directing the sequence of the operations

performed;

7. Memory g) a written language symbol;

8. Record h) a collection of related data elements

9. Keyboard i) a set of related facts;

10. Storing j) the process of entering collected into a data

processing system;

TOPIC 7. FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE COMPUTER

Active Vocabulary:

operation – операция, работа, действие, срабатывание

to relate – связывать, устанавливать отношения

a broad view – широкий взгляд, обзор

unit – устройство, модуль, блок, узел, элемент, ячейка

input – ввод, устройство ввода, вводить, подавать на вход

to insert – вставлять, вносить, включать

storage = memory – память, запоминающее устройство

available – доступный, имеющийся в наличии

at the appropriate time – в нужное время

arithmetic-logical unit – арифметико-логическое устройство

output – вывод, устройство вывода, выводить, подавать на выход

to remove – удалять, устранять, вынимать, исключать

control unit – блок управления

cause – заставлять, вынуждать, быть причиной, причина, основание

to feed (fed, fed) – подавать, питать, вводить (данные)

to interpret – интерпретировать, истолковывать

to issue commands – выдавать команды

pulse – no-pulse – (есть) импульс – холостой импульс

TEXT

Functional Units of Digital Computers.

As we know, all computer operations can be grouped into five functional categories. The method in which these five functional categories are related to one another represents the functional organization of a digital computer. By studying the functional organization, a broad view of the computer is received.

The five major functional units of a digital computer are: 1) Input – to insert outside information into the machine; 2) Storage or memory – to store information and make it available at the appropriate time; 3) Arithmetic-logical unit – to perform the calculations; 4) Output – to remove data from the machine to the outside world and 5) Control unit – to cause all parts of a computer to act as a team.

Figure 2 shows how the five functional units of the computer act together. A complete set of instructions and data are usually fed through the input equipment to the memory where they are stored. Each instruction is then fed to the control unit. The control unit interprets the instructions and issues commands to the other functional units to cause operations to be performed on the data. Arithmetic operations are performed in the arithmetic-logical unit, and the results are then fed back to t5he memory. Information may be fed from either the arithmetic unit or the memory through the output equipment to the outside world.

The five units of the computer must communicate with each other. They can do this by means of a machine language which uses a code composed of combinations of electric pulses. These combinations are usually represented by zeros and ones, where the ones may be a pulse and the zero – a no-pulse. Numbers are communicated between one unit and another by means of these one-zero or pulse combinations. The input has the additional job of converting the information fed in by the operator into machine language. In other words, it translates from our language into the pulse – no-pulse combinations understandable to the computer. The output's additional job is converting the pulse – no-pulse combinations into a form understandable to us, such as a printed report.