Organizations

oTo restore peace to countries engulfed by military and civil conflicts

oTo tackle the AIDS crisis

oTo stem the spread of malaria and tuberculosis

oTo invest in human and physical capital

oTo reduce poverty

oTo improve access to education and health services

oTo improve the infrastructure

oTo use technological advances

oTo endorse free market access for poor countries to industrial countries’ markets

oTo phase out trade barriers

oTo reduce agricultural subsidies

15 Use additional sources (newspapers, magazines or Internet resources) to find the information about the events and foundations mentioned in the article ‘To Feed a Growing World Family, Fund Science for Farmers’:

o Gates foundation o Rockefeller foundation

o Kellogg foundation

oMcKnight foundation

oThe Green Revolution

Represent your work in class.

16Before reading the article that is called ‘Africans Are Ready for Bold Change, With Help’ make comments on the following statement:

92

“It is time that politicians and voters in reach countries realized that without a bright future for the poor, the future can’t be bright for the rest of the world.”

Horst Kohler, representative of the world Bank, 2001.

17 Read the article paying attention to the main steps of the World Bank program in helping African countries.

Africans Are Ready for Bold Change, With Help

We at the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund regard debt relief, especially for the poorest countries, as crucial to our mission of alleviating poverty. We have been working with national governments to develop comprehensive poverty reduction strategies, drawing on the experience of civil society groups, as well as donors, in their preparation, to ensure that money goes where it is most needed.

We recognize that we have more to do. In the coming months we will be supporting countries in their efforts to use debt relief for poverty reduction. In particular we hope to see debt relief extended to countries emerging from civil conflict and trying to put themselves back together again.

The World Bank has committed half a billion dollars to fight AIDS, and will commit more once that is spent. At the same time, in line with African proposals to reduce conflict in the region, we will be moving swiftly to cut assistance to aggressor countries.

We will step up our work with African governments to build an enabling

environment for private investment, both domestic and foreign, which is so important for economic growth and poverty reduction. We will respond to leaders’ requests to help build their capacity through technical assistance and training on a larger scale.

The fight against poverty requires courage, commitment and sustained effort. It requires new partnerships and a spirit of cooperation. It will succeed only if it is based on a strategy designed by the affected country itself. Governments, together with their people, must be in the driver’s seat.

We have great expectations. With Africans themselves insisting on leaders who govern for the good of people rather than for themselves, the sharply disappointed experience of the last 40 years can become a thing of the past.

This will be all the more possible if the international community mobilizes behind African countries willing to work for the benefit of their people.

(By Horst Kohler and James D.

Wolfensohn, International Herald

Tribune, 2001.)

93

18Discuss in groups the ideas on how to help African countries in a contemporary society expressed by Horst Kohler and James D. Wolfensohn in the article ‘Africans Are Ready for Bold Change, With Help’. Work out your own strategies on how to help developing countries overcome social and economic problems.

19Write a paragraph about one of the problems mentioned and support you decision. You should use 120-180 words.

Should wealthy nations be required to share their wealth among poorer nations by providing such things as food and education? Or is it the responsibility of the governments of poorer nations to look after their citizens themselves?

To what extent will migration from the developing world to the developed world become a social and political issue in the 21st century?

Evaluation

1.What have you done in this unit?

2.What have you learnt from it?

3.What did you enjoy about it?

4.Have you any criticisms of it?

5.Have you any recommendations or suggestions for doing it differently?

94

	Answer Keys
Unit1	Ex. 8
	1. d
Ex. 1	2. e
1. D	3. a
2. A	4. f
3. B	5. b
4. C	6. c
Unit 2	Ex. 10		Ex. 19
	1.	F	a) depressed
Ex. 8	2.	A	b) promising
a) meet/ address	3.	D	c) global
b) on	4.	E	d) domestic
c) to	5.	C	e) dramatic
d) to	6.	B	f) medical
			g) executive
			h) reproductive
Unit 3	Ex.8.		i) ongoing
	A. government
Ex.7.	B. disorder
1. governmental	C. request

2.actuarial imbalances

3.enacted

4.tax increases

5.insulated

6.demographic

Unit 4		Ex. 12		Ex. 14
		1.	the practical running	1.	disability
Ex. 5		2.	employment	2.	impairment
1.	disability	3.	contacts	3.	day-to-day
2.	contemporary	4.	alien	4.	sensory
3.	begging	5.	educational	5.	learning
4.	the mainstream	6.	a stereotype	6.	cancer
5.	created	7.	the massed forces	7.	law
6.	society, personality	8.	the practicalities	8.	treat
7.	the individual	9.	unwilling	9.	employers
8.	environments			10.	unlawful
9.	handicap			11.	discriminate
10.	limitations			12.	second-rate
11.	account			13.	insurance
				14.	policies
				15.	disabled
Ex. 22				16.	access

1.c (health care)

2.i (disability)

3.a (Employment Training)

4.j (a care plan)

5.l (day care centers), e (voluntary organizations)

6.h (residential care), k (short-term care)

7.g (supervision register)

95

8.	b (special hospitals), d (a key worker)
Unit 5					Unit 6
Ex 6		Ex.9			Ex.13
1. C		A. rights			1. d
2. A		B. gender			2. e
3. B		C. contribution			3. a
4. D					4. b
5. E					5. f
					6. c
Unit 7
Ex. 7		Ex. 15			Ex. 20
1.survivor		1.		immigrants		1.	D
2.injured		2. hijackers				2.	A
3.alive		3. visas				3.	B
4.rescue teams		4. cells				4.	E
5.trained dogs		5. rights
6.death toll		6. cultural
7.crews		7. religious
8.ruins		8. freedom
9. explosives		9. war
10.	relief agencies	10. military
11.	lifting equipment	11. civilian
12.	volunteers	12. volunteers
13.	disease	13. wreaths
14.	contaminated	14. embassy
15.	sanitation system	15. silence
Unit 8
Ex. 6		Ex. 17			Ex. 18
1.	special		a)	redemption	1.	rigors
2.	goodwill		b)	tangible	2.	to break
3.	substantial		c)	wear out	3.	to undergo
4.	hard-earned		d)	community	4.	to ration
5.	newly-created		e)	mission	5.	a second thought
6.	fee		f)	sideline	6.	human resources
7.	intentions		g)	sermon	7.	humanity
8.	organizations		h)	ration	8.	served
9.	charity		i)	rigors	9.	a contribution
10.	administrative				10.	corporate sponsors
11.	large-scale				11.medical care
Unit 9		6.	under		Ex. 11
Ex. 7		7.	at			1.	D
1.	of	8.	to			2.	B
2.	for	9.	up			3.	E
3.	by	10. with				4.	A
4.	in	11. of
5.	in	12. in

96

	Key Terms
Abnormality	the state of being different, especially in a way that is not
Access	desirable, from what is normal, ordinary or expected
	a means of approaching or achieving a place, a way in
Advocacy	giving of a public support or suggesting an idea,
Agenda	development or way of doing something
	a) a list of matters to be discussed at a meeting
Aggressor country	b) a list of aims or possible future achievements
	a country that begins a fight or war with another country
Alien	a being from another world
Alleviation	making something bad such as pain or problem less severe
Altruism	willingness to do things which benefit other people, even if it
Arbitration	results in disadvantage for yourself
	the process of having a dispute settled by a person or group
Breadwinner	not involved in the dispute
	the member of a family who earns the money that the family
Cell	needs
	a) a small group of people forming a centre of political
	activity
Charity	b) a very small unit of living matter
	a) a system of giving money, food or help free to those who
	are in need because they are ill, poor or homeless
	b) any organization that gives money, food or help to people
Charity watchdog group	who need it
	a group of people responsible for making certain that
	companies maintain particular standards and don’t act
Child care agency	illegally
	a department or organization that is responsible for looking
Civil rights	after children
	the rights of each citizen to be free or equal to others, for
	example, in voting and employment, regardless of sex, race
Civilian	or religion
	a person not serving in the armed forces or the police force
Clinical social workers	mental health and substance abuse social workers are likely
	to work in hospitals, substance abuse treatment centers,
	individual and family services agencies, or local
Code of ethics	governments
	set of principles that are accepted and used by society or a
Cohabitate	particular group of people
	If two people, especially a man and woman who are not
	married, cohabit, they live together and have a sexual
Commitment	relationship
	a) the use of money, time, people, etc. for a particular
	purpose
	b) a promise to do something or to behave in a particular
	way
	c) the hard work and loyalty that someone gives to an
Community	organization, activity
	a group of people with the same interests, nationality, job,
	etc.

97

Community based care	when people with mental illness or reduced mental ability are
	allowed to continue living in their own homes, with treatment
Compassion	and help, and are not kept in hospital
	pity for the sufferings of others, making one want to help
Contribution	them
	something that you do or give to help produce or achieve
	something together with other people, or to help make
Contribution	something successful
	something that you do or give to help produce or achieve
	something together with other people, or to help make
Corporate	something successful
	related to a large company or group
Counseling	providing with some advice or information
Death toll	the number of people killed, fo example, in a war or natural
Debt relief	disaster
	the reduction of a sum of money that someone owes
Depressive	causing making somebody sad and without enthusiasm or
Dignity	hope
	a) calm, serious and controlled behaviour that makes people
	respect you
	b) the opinion that you have of the standard of your own
Disability	importance and value
	the condition of having a permanent illness or injury that
	makes it difficult for him or her to move about easily. It may
Discriminate	exist from birth or be caused by an accident or illness
	to treat a person or particular group of people differently,
(treat differently)	especially in a worse way from the way in which you treat
Discriminate	other people, because of their skin colour, religion, sex.
	to recognize a distinction between people or things; to treat
Disorder	one person or group worse/better than others
	a disturbance of the normal processes of the body or mind
Diversity	when many different types of things or people are included in
Divorce	something
	when a marriage is ended by an official or legal process
Donation	the process when money or goods are given to help a
Economic and military	person or organization
	relating to economy and army permission or approval of an
sanctions	action or a change
Empathetic	being able to imagine and share another person’s feelings,
Enact	experience, etc.
	to put something into action, especially to change something
Exodus	into a law
	a departure of many people at one time
Expand	to increase in size, number or importance, or to make
Explosives	something increase in this way
	a substance which is able or is likely to blow up, burst loudly
Famine	and violently
	a situation in which a large number of people have little or no
Feasible	food for a long time and many people die
	a plan , idea, or method that is possible and is likely to work
Financial viability	the state of a system related to money or management of
Flashback	money being able to work successfully
	a part of a film, play, etc. that shows a scene earlier in time
Full-time social workers	than the main story
	usually work a standard 40-hour week; however, some

98

	occasionally work evenings and weekends to meet with
	clients, attend community meetings, and handle
Fund raising	emergencies
	a sum of money saved, collected, or provided for a particular
Gender	purpose
	(sex) the physical and/or social condition of being male or
Glass ceiling	female
	a point beyond which you cannot go, usually in improving
[usually cingular]	your position at work
Goodwill	friendly and helpful feelings
Handicap	a serious, usually permanent, physical or mental condition
	that affects one’s ability to walk, see, speak, etc. *The words
	“physically or mentally handicapped” were used a lot in the
	past, but many people now feel these words offensive and
Handout	prefer to use expressions with “disabled and disability”
	a small amount or portion of something that is given out
Home-care staff	people who help with personal care at home
Housekeeper	a person, especially a woman, whose job is to organize
Human rights	another person's house and deal with cooking, cleaning
	the basic rights which are generally considered all people
	should have, such as justice and the freedom to say what
Humanity	you think
	people in general
Imbalance	when two things which should be equal or are normally
Impairment	equal are not
	if somebody’s ability to hear, speak or see has been
	damaged, but not destroyed completely, they have a certain
	impairment: impaired hearing, speech, sight (or vision).
	People can also be described as visually/ hearing impaired
Inflation	or partially sighted
	a general, continuous increase in prices
Interfere with	to distract somebody or prevent them from doing something
Investment	using money to buy, for example, shares or property,
	develop a business enterprise, in order to earn interest, bring
Labour market UK,	profit, or improve the quality of something
	the supply of people in a particular country or area who are
US labor market	able and willing to work
Latch key kids	children who have their own key to their home because there
Legislation	is no one to let them in after school
	a law or a series of laws
Life - threatening	a disease which is dangerous for individual’s life
disease
Lifting equipment	special tools or machines that you need to raise, move or
Local social services	carry something
	bodies that deal with social problems and are in charge of
departments	how they are treated
Maintain	a) to make something continue in the same way or at the
	same high standard as before
	b) to provide someone with the things they need, such as
Malnutrition	money or food
	illness or weakness caused by not having enough food to
Massacre	eat, or by not eating good food
	a) an act of killing a lot of people
Maturity	b) INFORMAL a bad defeat, especially in sport
	the quality of behaving mentally and emotionally like an adult

99

Meals-on-wheels	a service in which meals are taken by car to old or sick
Means-tested basis	people in their own homes
	basing on an official enquiry into somebody’s wealth or
	income in order to discover if they are qualified for financial
Mediation	help from public funds
	trying to get agreement between two or more people or
Memorial services	groups who disagree with each other
	an object, work or duties established to remind people of a
Mental	past event or a person who died
	[before noun] relating to the mind, or involving the process of
Mission	thinking
	any work that someone believes is their duty to do
Non-profits	organizations which don’t make profit, usually intentionally
Normality	the state of being typical, usual, or expected; not suffering
Pacific settlement	from any mental disorder
	an official making peace agreement that ends with an
Partnership	argument or a dispute
	a) the state of being a partner in business
	b) a relationship between two people, organizations, or
Peacekeeping and	countries that work together regularly
	the management of relations between countries, especially
preventive diplomacy	by each country’s representatives abroad based on the
Philanthropic	intention to help maintain peace and prevent war
	a philanthropic person or institution gives money and help to
Philanthropy	people who are poor or in trouble
	helping poor people, especially by giving them money
Physical dimension	related to body measurement of any sort: length, size,
Pledge	extent, height, breadth, thickness, etc.
	a solemn promise
Post-traumatic stress	the condition that is unpleasant and causing distress usually
Poverty	followed by some accident or unpleasant event
	a) the condition of being extremely poor
	b) formal a poverty of sth is lack of something or when the
Preventative work	quality of something is extremely low
	actions intended to stop something happening or a situation
Public - pension system	getting worse
	it is a system when state is responsible for financial support
Public awareness	of retired people
	knowledge or understanding of a particular subject or
Quake-proofing	situation by ordinary people in a country
	evidence that shows or helps to show that shaking of earth is
Ration	true or is a fact
	a limited amount of something which one person is allowed
Redemption	to have, especially when there is not much of it available
	the state of being freed from the power of evil, believed by
Relief agencies	Christians to be made possible by Jesus Christ
	bodies dealing with easing or removing of pain, distress or
Relief appeal	anxiety
	an urgent request for something important such as money,
	food, or services, especially to help someone in a bad
	situation
Retirement	when you leave your job and stop working, usually because
Right	you are old
	(morally acceptable) considered fair or morally acceptable by

100

Rigors	most people
	severe conditions
Second-rate	being of poor quality, not very good
Self-determination	the right or opportunity of individuals to control their fates
Sexism	(actions based on) the belief that the members of one sex
	are less intelligent, able, skilful, etc. than the members of the
Single - parent family	other sex, especially that women are less able than men
	such family is headed by one parent, usually female
Social justice/injustice	behaviour or treatment that is fair and morally correct /
Social security	a situation or action in which people are treated unfairly
	a system of payments made by the government to people
Social worker	who are ill, poor or who have no job
	a person who works for the social services or for a private
	organization providing help and support for people who need
Solidarity	it
	unity, agreement and support resulting from showed
Sponsor	interests, feelings, actions, sympathies, etc.
	a person or organization that gives money to support an
	activity, event, or organization sometimes as a way to
Sponsorship	advertise your company or product
	the process when someone gives money to support
	something (an activity, event, organization) sometimes as a
Stagnate	way to advertise your company or product
	to stay the same do not grow or do not develop
Starvation	suffering or death caused by lack of food
Substance abuse	assess and treat individuals with substance abuse
	problems, including abuse of alcohol, tobacco, or other
Suicide prevention	drugs
	a plan of activities or a set of instructions dealing with
program	stopping acts of killing yourself intentionally from happening
Suppliers	or stopping a person from doing this
	persons or firms giving somebody something that is needed
Tangible	or useful, providing somebody with something for a need
	real or not imaginary; able to be shown, touched or
Tax (an amount of)	experienced
	money paid to the government, which is based on your
Terrorism	income or of the cost of goods or services you have bought
	the use of violence for political aims or to force a government
	to act, especially because of the fear it causes among the
Therapeutic and	people
	a piece of equipment, buildings, services that provide
recreational facilities	enjoyment and good general effect on the body or mind of a
To abuse	person
	to use or treat someone or something wrongly or badly,
To address problems	especially in a way that is to your own advantage
	to deal with a matter, situation, person or thing that needs
To encourage	attention and needs to be dealt with and solved
	a) to make someone more likely to do something or to make
	something more likely to happen
	b) to talk or behave in a way that gives someone confidence
To enhance human	to do something
	to improve the process of people’s growing, changing and
development	becoming more advanced
To handle stress	to deal with a great worry caused by a difficult situation, or
	something which causes this condition

101

To meet smb’s needs	to do, fulfill or satisfy somebody’s basic necessities or
To run the home	requirements
	to be the head of the household
To take advantage of	1) to make use of something well, properly
	2) to treat someone badly in order to get something good
Tolerance (acceptance)	from them
	willingness to accept behaviour and beliefs which are
(FORMAL toleration)	different from your own, although you might not agree with or
Treat	approve of them
	to give medical care or attention to a person or a condition
Trigger	to be the cause of a sudden , often violent reaction; to start
Two - career families	something
	a type of the family when both of the parents have a work
Undergo	if you undergo a change, an unpleasant experience etc. it
Unlawful	happens to you, or is done to you
	being against the law, illegal
Victim	someone or something which has been hurt, damaged or
	killed or has suffered, either because of the actions of
Violation	someone or something else, or because of illness or chance
	breaking or being contrary to a rule, principle, treaty, etc.
Violence	a) actions or words which are intended to hurt people
Vulnerable	b) extreme force
	able to be easily physically, emotionally, or mentally hurt,
Wear out	influenced or attacked
	to make someone feel extremely tired
Working mother	a woman/man/parent who has a job and cares for his or her
Worth of the person	children
	the importance or usefulness of something or someone

102

REFERENCES

1.Addis, C. (1994). Britain now: British life and institutions. BBC English.

2.Bearak, B. India quake leaves legacy of chaos thousands vie for space on trains to flee a land of fear and misery. International Herald Tribune, 2001.

3.Because I’m worth it! Newsweek, № 22, September 2003.

4.Borsch-Supan, A., Berkel, B. (2003) Pension reform in Germany: the impact on retirement decisions. Retrieved January 15, 2005 from the Web site of the National Bureau of Economic Research: http://www.nber.org/papers/w9913

5.Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers, approved by the 1996 NASW Delegate Assembly and revised by the 1999 NASW Delegate Assembly. Retrieved September 5, 2004, from http://www.socialworkers.org/pubs/code/code.asp

6.Douglas, A.R. (1998). The politics of reforming social security. Political Science Quarterly, № 3, 213-241.

7.Goodman, R. To feed a growing world family, fund science for farmers. The Times, 2001.

8.International Herald Tribune, № 3, February 2001.

9.International Herald Tribune, № 4, April 2001.

10.Kohler, H., Wolfensohn, J.D. Africans are ready for bold change, with help. International Herald Tribune, № 1, February 2001.

11.Pat, Y. (2000). Mastering social welfare. MacMillan Press LTD, 127-148.

12.Shepler, J. (1999). Jane Addams, mother of social work. Her life of activism from Cedarville to Hull House. Retrieved January 15, 2005, from http://www.johnshepler.com/articles/janeaddams.html

13.Social workers: nature of the work. Retrieved February 15, 2005, from the Web site of Collegegrad.com: http://www.collegegrad.com/careers/proft41.shtml

14.Struggling for balance in government reactions. The Times, October 2001.

15.The New Encyclopaedia Britannica (2001). V.2.

16.The whiniest generation. Newsweek, № 17, February 2003.

17.Thompson, N. (2000). Understanding social work. New York, 40-50.

18.Wilbon, M. (2001). A weekend of charity, hope and redemption. The seldless side of NBA all-star HOOPLA. Washington Post Service, April 2001.

19.http://gorod.tomsk.ru/index-1175743167.php

20.http://www.quotatiospage.com

103

104

Агафонова Лидия Ивановна Вакурина Наталья Анатольевна Верхотурова Вера Викторовна

SOCIAL WORK:

WHAT IS IT?

Учебное пособие по английскому языку

для студентов гуманитарных факультетов и институтов, обучающихся по специальности

521100 «Социальная работа» Издание второе, исправленное

Компьютерная верстка:

Дерюгина А.А.

Подписано к печати 28.03.2007. Формат 60х84/8. Бумага «Классика».

Печать RISO. Усл.печ.л. 20,57. Уч.-изд.л. 18,63. Заказ . Тираж 50 экз.

Томский политехнический университет Система менеджмента качества

Томского политехнического университета сертифицирована NATIONAL QUALITY ASSURANCE по стандарту ISO 9001:2000

. 634050, г. Томск, пр. Ленина, 30.

105

106