7. The absolute participle construction

Признаки независимого причастного оборота:

1. есть свое подлежащее

2. вместо сказуемого причастие

3. выделяется запятой

Правило перевода: причастие переводится глаголом. Независимый причастный оборот переводится придаточным предложением со следующими союзами:

1) если оборот стоит в начале предложения – придаточным предложением с союзами «так как, после того как, когда, если» и другими по смыслу.

2. если оборот стоит в конце предложения – придаточным предложением с союзами «причём, а, и, но»

3) может начинаться с предлога “with”, причем “with” не переводится.

Примеры:

1) The speed of light being extremely great, we cannot measure it by ordinary methods.

Так как скорость света чрезвычайно велика, мы не можем измерить её с помощью обычных методов.

2) All substances consist of molecules, molecules being made up of atoms.

Все вещества состоят из молекул, причем, молекулы состоят из атомов.

3) With space ships flying so far, we are able to reach some remote planets. Теперь, когда космические корабли летают так далеко, мы можем добраться до далёких планет.

1. The negotiations between the American and British representatives were conducted behind the closed doors, with the measures having been taken that no correspondent should receive any information.

2. The plant produces large quantities of iron, most of the iron being turned into steel.

3. The goods have been shipped by the “Glasgow”, part of the cargo being placed on deck.

4. Business on the London Metal Exchange was very brisk, over one thousand tons of tin being sold in the afternoon.

5. The wool was placed in a warehouse, the cotton being sent to the factory.

6. The signal given, the rocket starts immediately.

7. There being many people in the conference hall, we couldn’t enter it.

8. The sodium atom has eleven electrons, the eleventh one occupying a position outside the second shell.

9. Several treatments of this problem having been presented, with theories resulting from this investigation falling into one of the two categories.

10. Other theories having so far proved inadequate, dynamic theories of the origin of the solar fields are regarded as the most promising.

11. The original signal is reconstructed, with the noise impulses “smeared”.

12. All rock species are somewhat radioactive, the radioactivity being accompanied by the evolution of heat.

13. Rich deposits of iron ore having been discovered, we began to build a blast furnace.

14. They took all the measurements during actual operation of the machine, this being the usual practice of those days.

15. Evidently, a fuel with a lower ignition temperature will ignite more quickly than one with higher ignition temperature, with all other conditions being equal.

16. With the question of representing information tentatively settled, the major design question becomes one of logic operation.

17. This value is subjected by systematic errors, the most important one reflecting our lack of knowledge of the energy spectrum.

18. The weights of all the molecules of a substance being the same, the molecules are considered to be composed of exactly the same number and the same kind of atoms.

19. It was early recognized that all the rocks were surprisingly similar in chemical composition, the fact having been confirmed by the subsequent examination of rocks from different parts of the world.

20. Weather permitting, the astronomer will proceed with his observation.

21. Silver being very expensive, we only rarely use it as a conductor.

22. The square of any number being positive, the square root of a negative number is imaginary.

23. Other things being equal, the efficiency is less in irreversible cyclic process.

24. There being no atmosphere, the lunar surface is exposed to direct sunlight.

25. Silver being very expensive, we only rarely use it as a conductor.

26. Hydrogen consists of discrete particles called molecules, each one made up of two hydrogen atoms.

27. There being no atmosphere, the lunar surface is exposed to direct sunlight.

28. The atmosphere always contains some moisture, the amount varying not only from day to day but from hour to hour.

29. The electricity is carried exclusively by the electrons, the atomic nuclei remaining stationary.

30. The other conditions being equal, the acceleration will be the same.

31. Only the first choice was hard to make, the rest of the results causing no trouble.

32. The data must be taken into account, the effect of interconnections being by no means negligible.

33. With water being cooled, the rate of the reaction was low.

34. With the model reconstructed, we may start rethinking of the whole process.

35. The "optional" method was noticeably superior to the others, with the former beating the latter on both tests.

36. All factors considered, we believe that the mechanism is the most likely.

37. Computers are considered as the answer to automatic production, with the other problems treated as peripheral in nature.

38. The session was over, with many aspects of the problem left unsolved.

39. The reaction must have taken place, with the data showing a change in the infrared region.

40. A very basic syntax is used with assembler language with each line of coding being composed of two basic files.