Grammar Exercises (The Tenses: Active and Passive Voice. See appendix, gr. Ref., p. 97-99)

X. Find the correct sentences. Underline the predicates. Trans-late the sentences into Russian.

1a. The energy industry is under- going considerable development. 2a. Development of nuclear power plants for civil use began in the mid-1950s. 3a. One of the main advantages of electricity is that it hasn’t pollut- ed the environment. 4a. Radioactive wastes damage man and his generation. 5a. The practical use of electricity on a larger scale was becoming possible after developing elect- romagnetic machines, generators and transformers. 6a. The first central electric power station had been installed in 1882. 7a. The energy for operating a nu- clear power plant comes from the heat released during the fis- sioning of uranium or plutonium atoms in a nuclear reactor. 8a. Nuclear reactors are increasing thermal and radiation pollution. 9a. Copper was used as a conductor since the beginning of the indust- ry.

1b.The energy industry undergoes considerable development. 2b.Development of nuclear power plants for civil use had begun in the mid-1950s. 3b.One of the main advantages of electricity is that it doesn’t pol- lute the environment. 4b.Radioactive wastes are damaging man and his generation. 5b.The practical use of electricity on a larger scale became possible after developing electromagnetic machines, generators and trans- formers. 6b.The first central electric power station was installed in 1882. 7b.The energy for operating a nu- clear power plant has been com- ing from the heat released during the fissioning of uranium or pluto- nium atoms in a nuclear reactor. 8b.Nuclear reactors increase thermal and radiation pollution. 9b.Copper has been used as a con- ductor since the beginning of the industry.

XI. Choose the correct tense form. Translate sentences into Russian, pay attention to the meaning of the word “time”.

1. The experiment was repeated / had been repeated many times.

2. The power which radiates / is radiated as light is almost three times as great as that radiated as heat.

3. It was known / is known that iron molecules are magnets at all times.

4. Under ordinary room lightning the resistance of transistors is decreased /decreases millions of times.

5. Ruby crystals about ten centimeters long can intensify / be intensified light ten times.

6. The density of a semiconductor laser radiation has been / is hundreds of times as great as that of the ruby laser.

7. The power which is transmitted / transmits along a wire is the product of the voltage times the amperage.

XII. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense and voice.

1. The fission heat (to use) to generate steam, which (to drive) a turbine generator.

2. The world power capacity (to double) about per decade.

3. In order to meet demands for power during the day, utilities (to turn) to other forms of hydroelectric systems.

4. The cooling water (to draw) from a source and (to pass) through the condenser.

5. Much attention (to pay) at present to the development of international scientific contacts.

6. It is evident that electricity (to be) the energy of not-too-distant future.

7. Our power stations (to connect) by high voltage transmission lines into several networks.

8. Cars (to power) by electric batteries in five years’ time and they (not to power) by atomic power in 100 years’ time.

9. It (to announce) that the cryogenic cable (to invent) in Russia.

10. We read that for the first time electricity (to apply) for industrial use in silver workshops in Paris.