- •In the following examples too the speakers are talking about a period that continues until now (recently/in the last few days/so far/since breakfast etc.):
- •It is often possible to use the present simple or the present perfect:
- •In these sentences could is similar to might (see Unit 29-30):
- •If we want to say who does or what causes the action, we use by...
- •In general, the present form in direct speech changes to the past form in reported speech:
- •If you say who you are talking to, use tell:
- •In British English, there is sometimes a difference between 'I like doing' and 'I like to do'.
- •In the same way, we say (go to) the bank, the post office:
- •In the same way, we often use a plural verb after the name of a sports team or a company:
- •In positive sentences a lot (of) is more usual. Much is unusual in positive sentences in spoken English:
- •Instead of unless it is often possible to say if ... Not:
- •I fell asleep during the film.
- •Invite (somebody) to (a party/a wedding etc.):
- •1.2 Irregular verbs
- •4.2 We use will/would/may etc. To say whether something is possible, impossible, probable, certain etc. Compare:
- •Additional exercises
- •Unit 97
- •9 In case
- •Unit 122
9 In case
UNIT 114
114.1
2 unless you listen carefully.
3 I'll never speak to her again unless she apologises to me.
4 He won't be able to understand you unless you speak very slowly.
5 I'm going to look for another job unless the company offer (or offers) me more money.
114.2
2 I'm not going to the party unless you go too. or ... unless you come too.
3 The dog won't attack you unless you move suddenly.
4 He won't speak to you unless you ask him a question.
5 The doctor won't see you today unless it's an emergency.
114.3
2 unless 3 providing
4 as long as 5 unless
6 unless 7 provided
8 Unless 9 unless
10 as long as
114.4 Example answers:
2 I have to work.
3 I don't have to work.
4 she has time.
5 it isn't raining.
6 I'm in a harry.
7 you have something else to do.
8 you pay it back as soon as possible.
9 you take risks.
UNIT 115
115.1
3 because
4 at the same time as
5 at the same time as
6 because
7 because
115.2
2 As it was a nice day, we went for a walk by the sea.
3 As we didn't want to wake anybody up, we came in very quietly.
4 As the door was open, I walked in.
5 As none of us had a watch, we didn't know what time it was.
115.3
2 We all smiled as we posed for the photograph.
3 I burnt myself as I was taking a hot dish out of the oven
4 The crowd cheered as the two teams ran onto the field.
5 A dog ran out in front of the car as we were driving along the road.
115.4
2 when 3 as 4 When
5 as time 6 when
115.5
Example answers:
1 you were getting into your car.
2 we started playing tennis.
3 I had to walk home.
4 somebody walked in front of the camera.
UNIT 16
116.1
3 like 4 like 5 as 6 like
7 like 8 As 9 as 10 like
11 as 12 like 13 like
14 like 15 like 16 as 17 as
116.2
2 as a tourist guide
3 like blocks of ice
4 like a beginner
5 like a church
6 as a birthday present
7 as a problem
8 like winter
9 like a child
116.3
1 like 2 as 3 like
4 like 5 as 6 like
7 as 8 as 9 as
10 like 11 like 12 as
13 Like 14 as 15 as
UNIT 117
117.1
2 as if she had hurt her leg.
3 as if he meant what he was saying.
4 as if it has just been cut.
5 as if he hadn't eaten for a week.
6 as if she was enjoying it.
7 as if I'm going to be sick.
8 as if she didn't want to come.
117.2
2 You look as if you've seen a ghost.
3 You sound as if you're enjoying it. or ... as if you've been enjoying it.
4 I feel as if I've run a marathon.
117.3
2 It looks as if it's going to rain.
3 It sounds as if they are having an argument.
4 It looks as if there's been an accident.
5 It looks as if we'll have to walk.
6 It sounds as if you had a good time.
117.4
2 as if I was/were
3 as if she was/were
4 as if it was/were
UNIT 118
118.1
3 during 4 for 5 during
6 for 7 for 8 for
9 during 10 for 11 for
12 for 13 during 14 for
118.2
3 while 4 While 5 During
6 while 7 during 8 During
9 while 10 while 11 during
12 while 13 during 14 while
15 while
118.3
Example answers:
3. I was doing the housework.
4 I make a quick phone call?
5 the lesson.
6 the interview.
7 the car is moving.
8 the meal.
9 the game
10 we were playing football
UNIT 119
119.1
2 by 10.30
3 by Saturday whether you can come to the party.
4 Please make sure you're here by 2 o'clock. or Please be here ...
5 If we leave now, we should arrive by lunchtime.
@p336
119.2
3 by 4 until
5 until ... by
6 by 7 until
8 by 9 by
10 until 11 By
12 by
119.3 Example answers:
3 until I comeback.
4 by 5 o'clock.
5 by next Friday.
6 until midnight.
119.4
2 By the time I got to the station
3 By the time the police arrived
4 By the time the guards discovered what had happened
5 By the time I (had) finished my work
UNIT 120
120.1
2 on Sundays.
3 at night.
4 in the evening.
5 on 21 July 1969.
6 at the same time.
7 in the 1920s.
8 in about 20 minutes.
9 at the moment.
10 at Christmas.
11 in the Middle Ages.
12 in 11 seconds.
120.2
2 a. on b. at
3 a. in b. on
4 a. on b. -
5 a. in b. at
6 a. in b. on c. -
120.3
1 in 2 on 3 in
4 on 5 in 6 in
7 at 8 on 9 at
10 On Saturday night ... at 11 o'clock
11 at
12 at 5 o'clock in the morning
13 on 7 January ... in April
14 in
15 on Tuesday morning ... in the afternoon
16 in 17 at 18 on
19 in
UNIT 121
121.1
2 on time
3 in time
4 on time
5 in time
6 on time
7 in time
8 in time
9 on time
121.2
2 I/we got home just in time.
3 I/stopped him just in time.
4 I/we got to the cinema just in time for the beginning of the film.
121.3
2 at the end of the month
3 at the end of the course
4 at the end of the race
5 at the end of the interview
121.4
2 In the end she resigned.
3 In the end I gave up.
4 In the end we decided not to go. or ... we didn't go.
121.5
2 In 3 at ... at
4 in 5 in 6 at
7 in 8 at 9 in