COMPUTER ELEMENTARY final 1

5.businessperson keeping track of appointments while travelling

6.graphic designer, travelling from customer to customer

7.secretary doing general office work

PRESENTATION ACTIVITY

What is Presentation? Prepare to present

If there is one skill, above all others, that will help you stand out in the world of international business, it is the skill of presenting

Mark Powell

As a part of the Microsoft Office suite, PowerPoint has become the world's most widely used presentation program. It is widely used by business people, educators, students, trainers to make presentations. With this tool, one can easily and clearly display text, graphics, movies, and other objects in the form of a slide show. Whether it is used to prepare for a meeting, an exhibition or a course, PowerPoint Presentation helps us a lot. Here are top tips for creating successful presentations.

1.Present Your Topic by Using Key Phrases: Use key phrases that include only essential information. Choose only the top points about your topic and make them consistently throughout the delivery. Simplify and limit the number of words on each slide.

2.Avoid Using Fancy Fonts: Choose a font that is simple and comfortable for audience to read such as Times New Roman and Arial. Use, at most, two different fonts. Keep all fonts large enough so that people at the back of the conference room will be able to see clearly what is on the screen.

3.Make the Text’s Color and Background’s Color Contrastive: Dark text on a light background is best. Patterned or textured backgrounds would reduce the readability of text. Keep the color scheme consistent throughout your business presentation.

4.Use Templates Effectively: When using a template, choose one that is

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appropriate for the content. A simple, straightforward layout is best.

5.Limit the Number of Slides: Do not try to insert too many slides, make sure that the presentation will not become too long. It also avoids the problem of continually changing slides during the business presentation. On average, one slide per minute is right.

6.Use Photos, Charts and Graphs: Embedding photos, charts, graphs and even digitized videos will add variety and keep your audience interested in the presentation. Avoid using only text in your slide.

7.Avoid Cluttering Up with Too Many Transitions and Animations: While transitions and animations can attract your audience’s interest in the presentation, too many of them would distract your audience from what you are saying.

Exercise 15. Find a PowerPoint Presentation by a famous person. Analyse it. How many tips mentioned above did the presenter use?

Exercise 16. Choose a type of PC and make a PowerPoint presentation. Follow the outline:

ØThe type of the PC chosen

ØThe peculiarities of the type

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ØThe advantages and disadvantages in comparison with other types of computers

ØThe sphere of application

ØAdditional information if any

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Unit 3

Computer system

READING AND COMPREHENSION

Exercise 1. Read the text. Answer the following questions.

Text 1

Your PC (Personal Computer) is a system, consisting of many components. Some of those components, like Windows XP, and all your other programs, are software. The stuff you can actually see and touch, and would likely break if you threw it out a fifth-story window, is hardware. Not everybody has exactly the same hardware.

Hardware refers to the mechanical and electronic aspects of a computer system -. The basic components involve expansion boards - the extra elements which can be added to a computer to expand its capabilities - and peripherals, which are separate elements attached to the computer.

The actual computer is called the system unit; everything else is called a peripheral device. There are lots of external devices that you can connect to your computer. All external devices connect to the computer’s system unit via cables and ports (where a "port" is the slot into which you plug a cable).

Unless you’re using a portable computer, you probably have several external devices attached to your computer already, including a mouse, keyboard, monitor, microphone, and speakers, as in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Computer (system unit) and attached external devices.

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Those of you with notebook computers probably have most of the same components. Only in your case the components are all integrated into a single book-sized portable unit.

Whatever external devices you have, they're all connected to the system unit via cables. Each cable plugs into a specific port on the system unit. The ports are usually on the back of the system unit. But they can be on front or side as well.

The most essential part of a computer is a chip, which is a very small piece of silicon, or other semi-conducting material, that contains a complex electrical circuit called an integrated circuit. All computers have a number of different chips called a chipset. These allow all the different subsystems of a computer to communicate. The most important chip in a computer is called the CPU, or central processing unit or microprocessor. This chip is seen as the 'brain' of the computer, as it does most of the computer's processing, although many other chips are essential. The CPU is found on a printed circuit board, which is a flat plastic sheet which holds the electronic components. The board which holds the CPU is called the motherboard.

The CPU executes program instructions and coordinates the activities that take place within the computer system. The processor consists of three main parts:

•The control unit examines the instructions in the user's program, interprets each instruction and causes the circuits and the rest of the components - monitor, disk drives, etc. - to execute the functions specified.

•The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs mathematical calculations (+, -, etc.) and logical operations (AND, OR, NOT).

•The registers are high-speed units of memory used to store and control data.

One of the registers (the program counter, or PC) keeps track of the next instruction to be performed in the main memory. The other (the instruction register, or IR) holds the instruction that is being executed.

The power and performance of a computer is partly determined by the speed of its processor. A system clock sends out signals at fixed intervals to measure and synchronize the flow of data. Clock speed is measured in gigahertz (GHz). For

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example, a CPU running at 4GHz (four thousand million hertz, or 30 cycles, per second) will enable your PC to handle the most demanding applications.

The motherboard is the main circuit board inside your system. It contains the processor, the memory chips, expansions slots, and controllers for peripherals, connected by buses - electrical channels which allow devices inside the computer to communicate with each other. For example, the front side bus carries all data that passes from the CPU to other devices.

The size of a bus, called bus width, determines how much data can be transmitted. It can be compared to the number of lanes on a motorway - the larger the width, the more data can travel along the bus. For example, a 64-bit bus can transmit 64 bits of data.

Expansion slots allow users to install expansion cards, adding features like sound, memory and network capabilities.

HZ IS FOR HERTZ

The Hz abbreviation stands for Hertz, but has nothing to do with pain or car rentals. In this context, "Hertz" pays homage to a guy named Heinrich Rudolf Hertz who figured out that radio and electricity have frequencies that you can measure in cycles per seconds. But that's getting more technical (and boring) than we need to be.

The workhorse of your computer is its microprocessor - a little chip about the size of a toenail that can work at a pretty fast speed. Exactly how fast it can work is measured in terms of "instructions per second", which roughly corresponds to Hertz's idea of frequency. Of course, microprocessors can do thousands, millions, or billions of instructions per second. So that brings good old K, M, and G into the picture once again, as summarized in Table 7.

	Abbreviation		Stands for		Cycles per Second		...That is
	KHz		KiloHertz		1,000		Thousand
	MHz		MegaHertz		1,000,000		Million
	GHz		GigaHertz		1,000,000,000		Billion
			Table 1
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As is always the case with speed, "faster" means "less time waiting" for a human. The speed of the processor only affects "local tasks". It has nothing to do with how long it takes to get your e-mail or download stuff from the Internet. The speed of your Internet connection is all

that matters there. The speed of your microprocessor has more to do with how long it takes to render changes to huge graphic images, or produce movies, or similar complex tasks that require a lot of internal calculations on the computer's part.

Alan Simpson /www.coolnerds.com/

1.What is hardware? What is software?

2.What is the difference between a laptop and a desktop? What basic components do they have?

3.How are external devices connected to a PC?

4.What is the most essential part of the computer?

5.What chip is responsible for computer’s processing? What types of it do you know?

6.What parts does a processor consist of?

7.Where is the CPU located? What else can be connected to the motherboard?

8.On what factors does the measure of speed depend?

9.What does GHz stand for? What does it measure? Does 4GHz mean fast?

Exercise 2. Find in the text English equivalents for the following words or word

combinations.

•	программноеобеспечение	•	хранить обрабатданныватье
•	аппаратноеобеспечение	•	следитьза…
•	перифеустройстваийные	•	измерятьсинхронизировать
•	системныйблок		потокданных
•	по средствамкабелейипортов	•	микросхемапамяти
•	включитькабель	•	гнездорасширения
•	переносной	• контроллпериферийных
•	взаимодействовать		устройств
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•	оченьважный	•	разрядностьшины
• печатнплатая		•	устанавливатьплату
•	выполнятьрограмму		расширения
•	координироватьдеятельность	• часто, тотностьа
•	разбиратьинструкции	•	соотноситься
• анализиинстроватьукции		•	влиять
• производиматематическиеь		•	производитьизменения
	вычисления	•	требоватьвычислений

Exercise 3. Find Russian equivalents for the following words or word combinations from the text.

•	basic components	•	a motherboard
•	expansion boards	•	a control unit
•	to expand capabilities	• an arithmetic logic unit
•	attached to	•	a register
•	an external device	•	power and performance
•	a portable computer	• to handle the most demanding
•	to be integrated into		applications
•	a chip	•	network capabilities
•	an integrated circuit	•	to pay homage
•	a chipset	• a cycle per second
•	a subsystem of a computer	•	instructions per second
•	computer’s processing

Exercise 4. Agree or disagree with the following statements. Use the following to

express your opinion:

In my opinion, I agree that, I disagree that, to my mind, according to the text, as far as I know (think, remember)

1.Your PC is a system consisting of a few components.

2.Everybody has exactly the same hardware.

3.The actual computer is called the system unit.

4.The ports are usually on the back of the system.

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5.The most essential part of a computer is a chip.

6.The CPU is located on a special board. It is called processing circuit.

7.The CPU executes program instructions and coordinates the activities that take place within the computer system.

8.The motherboard contains peripherals that are electrical devices inside the computer.

9.The work of a processor is measured in Hrz that means how frequent it can

sent data from memory to a user and vice versa.

Exercise 5. Complete the sentences from the text:

1.The stuff that you can actually feel and touch … .

2.The basic components involve … .

3.Whatever external device you have, they are all connected… .

4.A chip contains … .

5.The most important chip is called the CPU and it does …

6.The processor consists of … .

7.For example, a CPU running at 4GHz will enable … .

8.The motherboard contains … .

VOCABULARY

WORD	TRANSLATION	COMBINATIONS
to integrate	включать,совмещать
a portable unit	переноснойблок
a system unit	системныйблок
a peripheral	периферийноеустройство
device
to refer to	отнок,ссылатьсяиться	to refer to information
to attach	подключать, присоединять.	to attach a file
	вкладывать	to attach to one’s computer
		to attach importance
a cable	кабель	electric / power cable
a port	порт	mouse port
		port expander
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to plug in	включатьсеть,вставлять			plug-compatible
	вилкурозетку
circuit	микросхема,			electrical circuit
				integrated circuit
				circuit board
				a printed circuit board
a chip	чип,микросхема			microchip
				memory chip
				microprocessor chip
				peripheral chip
				chipset
an instruction	команда			to examine instructions
				to execute instructions
				to interpret instructions
				instruction register
				program instruction
to perform	выполнятьоперацию( )		;	to perform calculations
	производитьдействие( )			to perform instructions
to measure	мерить, измерять			to measure speed
				to measure the flow of data
				a measure
				preventive measure
				protective measure
to handle	обходиться,обращаться;			to handle applications
	управляться,справляться(			to handle tasks
	кем-л.чем/	-л.)
	обрабатывать;оперировать,
	манипулировать
to install	устанавливать,			to install cards
	инсталлировать,			to install a device
	монтировать,собирать,			to install equipment
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