66.Give short information about the Presidential elections in America.

The election of the President and the Vice President of the United States is an indirect votein which citizens cast ballots for a slate of members of theU.S. Electoral College; these electors in turn directly elect thePresidentandVice President.Presidential electionsoccurquadrennially(the count beginning with the year 1792) onElection Day, the Tuesday between November 2 and 8, coinciding with the general elections of various other federal, states and local races.

The process is regulated by a combination of both federalandstatelaws. Each state is allocated a number of Electoral College electors equal to the number of itsSenatorsandRepresentativesin theU.S. Congress. Additionally,Washington, D.C.is given a number of electors equal to the number held by the smallest state.U.S. territoriesare not represented in the Electoral College.

Under the U.S. Constitution, eachstate legislatureis allowed to designate a way of choosing electors. Thus, the popular vote on Election Day is conducted by the various states and not directly by the federal government. Once chosen, the electors can vote for anyone, but – with rare exceptions like anunpledged electororfaithless elector– they vote for their designated candidates and their votes are certified byCongress, who is the final judge of electors, in early January.

The nomination process, including the primary electionsand thenominating conventions, was never specified in the Constitution, and was instead developed by the states and thepolitical parties. This too is also an indirect election process, where voters cast ballots for a slate of delegates to a political party's nominating convention, who then in turn elect their party's presidential nominee.

67.Give short information about the Judicial system.

The United Stateslegal system is the full interconnected system of judicial, regulatory and governmental authorities who together administer and enforce the laws of the United States, operate the judicial system, and resolve judicial disputes and appeals. It consists of various official bodies at the federal, state and local levels.

Federal courts address any legal issues covered by the statutes of the United States Code. They also hear any case falling under the jurisdiction of federal agencies. For example, this includes any crime in which a state boundary is crossed, which would then be handled by theFBI.

Federal courts

The federal court system is made up of several levels of hierarchical court. The top-level court is the United States Supreme Court. Below this are the DistrictCourt of Appeals. Below this is theUnited States District Courts, for various geographical areas as defined by the United States Congress.

State courts

State courts take a wide variety of forms, as defined by each state's legislature. For example, in New York, there is a Supreme Courtwhich is actually the lowest-level trial court; its name is based on the fact that it is higher ranked than all administrative and local courts. The highest court in New York is theNew York Court of Appeals.

Regulatory agencies

A wide variety of governmental agencies have the power to enact regulations and to enforce them. There are many examples. For examples, the SEC regulates the financial sector. The FAA regulates all air travel. In local communities, city agencies often regulate building codes and zoning laws.