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hall, we could not enter it. 20) We continued our work , with our laboratory assistant helping us. 21)The device being applied at our plant is quite modern. 22)Being tested the device showed the desired results.

Exercise 2. Open the brackets.

1.The motor (be)in good order, we could start any moment. 2. All questions (settle), we parted. 3. There (be) nothing to do, we rested a little. 4. This much (agree) upon, the members proceeded with the discussion. 5. The weather (be) windy, we did not risk crossing the bay. 6. It (be) very late, we went home. 7. My brother (finish) writing a letter, I posted it. 9. But nobody (be) in sight they again closed the door. 10. Such (be) the result, the public interest in the affair will be readily understood.

Exercise 3. Paraphrase the following sentences using Nominative Absolute Participle Construction.

1)As our work was finished, we went home. 2)When the working day was over, she went straight home. 3)If time permits, we shall come a few days earlier. 4)As the underground station was not far, we walked there. 5)We set off; the rain was still coming down heavily. 6) Dinner was served on the terrace, as it was very dark in the room. 7) There was in fact nothing to wait for, and we got down to work. 8) The question was rather difficult to answer at once, and I asked the permission to think over. 9)There was very little time left; we had to hurry. 10) The new engines were safely delivered, all of them were in good order. 11) Our efforts to start the car had failed, and we spent the night in a nearby village. 12)If the letter is posted today, the news will reach them tomorrow.

Exercise 4. Translate into English.

1. Оскільки день був холодним, він вдягнув пальто. 2. Якщо час дозволить, ми підемо гуляти. 3. Коли все було готове, вона вирішила відпочити. 4. Оскільки було вже пізно, вони нікуди не

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пішли. 5. Тому що швидко темніло, вона поспішила додому. 6. Оскільки було дуже тепло, діти спали на відкритому повітрі. 7. Якщо погода буде сприятливою, спортсмени зможуть показати хороші результати. 8. Було дуже темно, тому що на небі не було зірок. 9. Якщо погода дозволить, ми підемо на прогулянку. 10. Коли листа було написано, вона відправила його.

Герундій

Gerund

Герундій – це форма дієслова із закінченням – ing , що має властивості дієслова і іменника:

Герундій має чотири форми:

	Активний стан	Пасивний стан
	Active Voice	Passive Voice
Проста форма	giving	being given
Indefinite	He likes telling fairy	He likes being told
(Simple)	tales (розказувати)	fairy tales (щоб йому
		розказували)
Перфектна	having given	having been given
форма	He is proud of having	He is proud of having
Perfect	spoken to this man	been spoken to
	(що поговорив)	(що з ним
		поговорили)

a)Герундій вживається після дієслів to want, to need, to require, to deserve.

b) після герундіальних слів та виразів:

to enjoy, to mind, to admit, to finish, to avoid, to deny, to stop, to forgive, to postpone, to put on, to go on, to give up, it’s worth, can’t help, it’s no use, тощо.

He enjoyed talking of the pleasures of traveling. c) після дієслів та виразів з прийменниками:

to accuse of, to be afraid of, to depend on, to feel like, to insist on, to look forward to, to give up the idea of, to succeed in, to thank for, to think of, to burst into (laughing, crying), тощо.

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My friend succeeded in translating this difficult text.

d)в конструкції «прийменник of + герундій» (часто після to think, to speak, to know, to hear тощо)

He never thought of marrying her.

e)після типових прийменників after, before, by, on, upon, in, without.

Before reading a text, he finds new words in the dictionary. N.B. Порівняйте і запам’ятайте:

I don’t mind opening the window.

I don’t mind his opening the window. their

She did not object to doing the room. She did not object to my doing the room.

our

She insisted on being allowed to go home.

She insisted on her son being allowed to go home. your

Герундій, віддієслівний іменник і дієприкметник теперішнього часу мають однакову форму і тому викликають певні труднощі при їх розпізнанні.

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Порівняння герундія і віддієслівного іменника.

Герундій	Віддієслівний іменник
1.Не вживається з артиклем:	1.Може вживатися з
Reading the poem is pleasant.	артиклем:
2.Не вживається у множині:	The reading of the poem is
I like his reading.	pleasant.
3.Герундій перехідних дієслів	2.Може вживатися у
приймає прямий додаток:	множині:
I like reading fiction.	What are the readings of
	this device?
	3.Не приймає прямого
4.Може мати прислівник як	додатка, але приймає
означення:	додаток з прийменником
I like reading fiction slowly.	of:
5.Може бути означенням з	The reading of this book is
прийменником:	a must.
I like the idea of reading in	4.Може мати прикметник
the open air.	як означення:
6.Може мати складні форми:	Why has he slow reading?
His being sent to Kyiv will be	5.Може бути означенням
very important for his work.	без прийменника:
	He showed me the reading
	data.
	6.Не має складних форм.

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Порівняння герундія і дієприкметника теперішнього часу.

Герундій	Дієприкметник
	теперішнього часу
1.Герундію може передувати	1.Дієприкметнику
прийменник:	прийменник не передує:
I am fond of reading.	He sat reading the book.
2.Герундію може передувати	2.Дієприкметнику цей
присвійний відмінок іменника	відмінок не передує:
чи займенника:	He sat reading Victor’s
I like Victor’s (his) reading	book.
3.Може вживатися у реченні у	3.Не вживається у цій
функції підмета, додатка,	функції.
предикатива:	4.Вживається у функції
Reading is my hobby. I like	означення чи обставини:
reading. My dream is reading	Reading a book I make
this novel.	notes. I like to work in
4.Вживається у функції	the reading room.
означення чи обставини	5.Вживається для
(герундію завжди передує	утворення групи
прийменник):	тривалих часів:
Before reading a book I take a	He is reading a book now.
copy – book to make notes.
5.Не вживається для
утворювання групи тривалих
часів.

Exercise 1. Translate into Ukrainian:

A

1. Repairing cars is his business. 2. It goes without saying. 3. Iron is found by digging in the earth. 4. Taking a cold shower in the morning is very useful. 5. She likes sitting in the sun. 6. It looks like raining. 7. My watch wants repairing. 8. Thank you for coming. 9. He talked without stopping. 10. I had the pleasure of dancing with

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her the whole evening. 11. She enjoys living in a new house. 12. This little girl likes being read to. 13. Their wish is mastering the knowledge of English

B

1. Do you mind my asking you a difficult question? 2. Would you mind coming again in a day or two? 3. She could not help smiling. 4. I avoid speaking to them about that matter. 5. She denied having been at home that evening. 6. Excuse my leaving you at such a moment. 7. They went on talking. 8. Don’t be nervous! Stop biting your nails! 9. He postponed going to Kyiv as he fell ill.10. We are looking forward to seeing you again. 12. He did not approve of her drinking so much coffee. 13. All the happiness of my life depends on your loving me. 14. I don’t feel like seeing him. 15. I object to his borrowing money from you. 16. We were told about their having studied a number of problems connected with the development of radio electronics. 17. Many Universities have been established for training specialists for various branches of our national economy. 18. He had no chance of being offered that job.

C

1. My friends having decided to leave the city was very strange. 2. My father liked my having given up smoking. 3. He praised her having prepared this lesson so well. 4. Whatever you propose doing must be done quickly. 5. His knowing English well helped him in his work. 6. Her doing homework took her a lot of time. 7. After having repaired the motor we started. 8. I cannot tell him such a thing without being rude. 9. Before going home I talked it over with an engineer. 10. I remember having been asked about it. 11. He came without being invited. 12. She likes being stared at because she thinks she’s attractive.

Exercise 2. Paraphrase the sentences using Gerund with of and after.

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E.g. 1) She thought she would go to the country. She thought of going to the country.

2) When she had bought everything she needed, she went home. After buying everything she needed, she went home.

1. I thought I would come and see you tomorrow. 2. He thought he would work in the library this evening. 3. She is thinking that she will go out to the country soon. 4. I thought I would go to the Zoo but I can’t. 5. After she took the child to the Kindergarten, she went to the library. 6. When he had made a thorough study of the subject, he found that it was very important. 7. After I had hesitated for some minutes I decided to buy a new hat. 8. When she had graduated from the university, she went to teach in her hometown. 9. When he had proved that his theory was correct, he started studying ways and means of improving the conditions of the work.

Exercise 3. Paraphrase the sentences using Gerunds with prepositions.

1.When they entered the house, they heard the last bell ringing (on). 2.Thank you that you invited me to the theatre (for). 3.The woman insisted that her husband should consult the doctor at once (on). 4.When he entered, she stood up and left the room, and even did not look at him (without). 5.You will never learn your mistakes if you do not write them out (without). 6.Thank you that you helped me (for). 7.When he reached his destination, he sent a telegram home to say that he had arrived safely (on). 8.The place looked so picturesque that he rejoiced at the thought that he would come to live there (of). 9.There was little hope that James would return on the same day (of).

Exercise 4. Open the brackets using Active and Passive Gerund.

1.He was always ready for (to help) people.2.He was very glad (to help) in his difficulty.3.On (to allow) to leave the room the children ran out into the yard and began (to play).4.In (to make) this

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experiment they came across some very interesting phenomena.5.David was tired of (to scold) all the time.6.The watch requires (to repair).7.The problem is not worth (to discuss).8.Why do you avoid (to speak) to me? 9.She tried to avoid (to speak) to.10.The doctor insisted on (to send) the sick man to hospital.11.The child insisted on (to send) home at once.12.Do you mind his (to examine) by a heart specialist? 13.He showed no sign of (to recognize) me.14.I was angry at (to interrupt) every other moment.15.The job is not worth (to take).16.After (to look) through and (to mark) the papers the teacher handed them back.17.After (to look) through and (to mark),the papers were handed back to the students.18.These clothes want (to wash).19.Excuse me for (to break) the cup.20.The cat was punished for (to break) your vase.21.The cat was afraid of (to punish) and hid itself under the sofa.22.I don’t remember ever (to meet) your sister.23.I don’t remember (to ask) this question by anybody.

Exercise 5. Finish the sentences using Gerund.

1.My doctor advised me to give up… 2.We had to put off… 3.That company specialize in… 4.I must apologize for… 5.I told him not to bother about… 6.The teacher decided against… 7.On…,he took off his hat. 8.After…,the customer left the shop without… 9.In spite of…,the swimmer succeeded in… 10.By…,the student improved his chances of… 11.She isn’t interested in… 12. We went straight home instead of… 13. I don’t feel like… 14. Do you think that this book is worth… 15. Do you mind… 16. He is tired of… 17. Thank you for… 18. He is interested on… 19. You can’t blame him for… 20. We all need more practice in… 21. Would you mind…? 22. We congratulated him on… 23. He has no intention of…

Exercise 6. Translate into English.

1. Немає сенсу купувати зараз бензин. 2. Мені подобається твоя ідея організувати вечірку. 3. Це варто зробити. 4. Він подякував мені за те, що я принесла цю газету. 5. Я втомився від того, що

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мені нічого робити. 6. Я наполягаю на тому. аби допомогти їй. 7. Припини плакати. 8. Ви не проти, якщо я прийду дещо пізніше? 9. Продовжуйте писати. 10. Я не можу не сміятися, коли дивлюсь на вас. 11. Вона боялася, що її накажуть. 12. Вона не заперечувала того, що не має часу. 13. Я наполягаю на тому, щоб побачити свого друга. 14. Мати не любить, коли ти так пізно повертаєшся додому. 15. Він розсміявся. 16. Продовжуйте дискутувати з цього питання. 17. Я не можу не думати про це увесь час. 18. Він припинив грати у футбол. 19. Дякую, що нагадали мені про це. 20. Він не любить, коли його хвалять. 21. Лектор продовжував говорити, хоча його ніхто не слухав.

Дієприкметник, герундій, віддієслівний іменник

Зверніть увагу на різні значення ing – форми:

Утаких реченнях reading - дієприкметник.

My brother is reading a book.

You can see many people reading books. Reading his newspaper, the old man fell asleep.

Утаких реченнях reading – герундій.

Reading a good book gives me a lot of pleasure.

It is no use reading these notes.

I like reading a good book.

I am thinking of reading a new book.

I remember reading a very clever article.

Порівняйте ці два речення:

My brother is reading a story. (дієприкметник) My dream is reading this story. (герундій)

Exercise 1. Place:

a)sentences in which ing form is Participle

b)sentences in which ing form is Gerund.

1.He was looking at the plane flying overhead. 2. Wishing to learn

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to skate, she bought herself a pair of skates. 3. Just imagine his coming first in the race! 4. The children were tired of running. 5. Being frightened by the dog, the cat climbed a high fence. 6. It is nо use going there now. 7. My greatest pleasure is traveling. 8. Growing tomatoes need a lot of sunshine. 9. Mary will stop for a few days at the seaside before going back home. 10. While translating the text, I looked up many words in the dictionary. 11. I usually help my mother by washing the dishes and doing the rooms. 12. Entering the room, I saw my friend, he came to see me. 13. Watching the playing kittens was great fun for the children.

Порівняйте герундій і віддієслівний імeнник

Reading a good book gives me a lot of pleasure. (герундій)

The reading of a good book gives me a lot of pleasure.

(віддієслівний іменник)

N.B. Віддієслівний іменник вживається з артиклем, має множину, a також може визначатися прикметником. Віддієслівний іменник не має часових форм, а також пасивного стану. На відмінок від герундія він не може мати після себе прямого додатку.

E.g. They started the loading of the ship. (віддієслівний іменник)

They started loading the ship. (герундій)

Exercise 2. Place:

a)sentences in which ing is Gerund

b)sentences in which ing is a Verbal Noun.

1.The singing of those songs impressed me greatly. 2. Your having written is really no excuse for your not coming on the day fixed. 3. Such doings can hardly be explained. 4. The motor was carefully examined before starting. 5. I am very pleased to meet you after hearing so much about you. 6. Your hair wants cutting. 7. I shall look forward to seeing you again. 8. It was no use talking about it any longer. 9. Sleeping is necessary. 10. The building of this house will cost much money. 11. But you don’t mind being asked to help us, do you? 12. Are you dressed for going out? 13. We took part in the

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