University education in Kazakhstan.

Secondary education is compulsory in our country. Citizens of Kazakhstan have the right to education, which is guaranteed by the Constitution. Nowadays thousands of young men and women enter Universities and Institutes. After finishing secondary school some people can continue their studies to get higher education. All applicants take competitive examinations. Rectors head higher educational establishments. Vice -rectors are in charge of the academic and scientific process. Deans head the faculties. There are chairs (departments) within faculties.

Almost all the students get stipends and have hostels accommodations. At the 1 of each term they have vacations.

Most of higher educational establishments in the RK have two-staged system. Students study four years to get a Bachelor`s Degree and two years to a Master`s Degree. Postgraduates write and defend a dissertation to receive a Doctorate Degree.

Education in Britain.

In Great Britain education is compulsory for children from 5 to 16 years of age. Before 5 some children attend Nursery schools, while most children start their basic education in an Infant School which is the first stage of Primary Education. From 7 to 11 they attend Junior Schools, the second stage of Primary education. At the age of eleven children transfer to Comprehensive Schools. These schools give general education and a wide range of academic courses leading to the public examinations taken 16. They also provide some vocational courses before the 1960 there were two main kinds of state schools in Britain: '' grammar'', ''modern ''.The grammar schools were for most intelligent children and the secondary modern schools were for the less intelligent children.

Along with the state schools, they’re about 500 private schools in Britain that comprise about 6% of the school population. Most of these Independent or Public Schools charge fees and there are boarding schools, where the children actually live in the school. Any child may leave school at 16 when all children take the school-leaving examinations and get a certificate of secondary education. Those who want to continue their education at a University have to stay on at school for two more years and take another exam. Advanced level examination the Universities and Polytechnics choose their students, as there are no entrance examinations.

The leading universities in England are Oxford, Cambridge, and London. Each university consists of a number of faculties: medicine, arts, law, music, natural science, commerce and education. Besides universities, there are other types of higher educational institutions: Polytechnics and Colleges of different kinds.

Education in the usa

Americans have shown a great concern for education since early colonial times. Today there are many public schools at the elementary and secondary levels and private schools throughout the country.

The USA does not have a national system of education. The function of the Federal Department of Education is merely to gather information, to advise and help finance some educational programs. All educational matters are left to individual states.

There are two major types of schools in the USA – public and private, or free-paying. Four out of five private schools are run by churches, synagogues and other religious groups.

Most schools start at nursery level at the age of 3. Elementary education starts at the age of 6 and continues till 10-11 years. Secondary education is provided from age of 11-12 years. Intermediate school includes grades 6 through 9 for ages 11(12) up to 14(15) years. Schools of this stage are called intermediate schools or junior high schools. A comprehensive school is open to all youths of a community area and offers a broad program of academic, prevocational and vocational education.

A general school is also open, but it offers a more limited program. Extensive program of prevocational or vocational courses and advanced courses in academic studies are usually excluded.

A vocational school is for students of the community who are interested in its specialized area of training and a program of general education.

A specialized school is for pupils with special capabilities who are qualified to concentrate in a particular area of study. It is for the academically, musically, artistically gifted.

The American secondary school provides the course program of school subjects and a program of extracurricular activities, including organized sports. Most schools publish their own student newspapers, have orchestras, bands, choir, theatre and drama groups, etc.

What makes American education at the secondary level so different from most other countries is that all such programs, whether academic, technical, or practical, are generally taught under one roof.