Варіант 1

I. Прочитайте та письмово перекладіть текст:

BASIC TERMS IN FOREIGN TRADE

Countries buy and sell various goods as well as various services. Goods bought from abroad, such as food, cars, machines, medicines, books and many others, are called visible imports. Goods sold abroad are called visible exports.

Services, such as insurance, freight, tourism, technical expertise and others, are called invisible imports and invisible exports. The total amount of money a country makes including money from visible and invisible exports, for a certain period of time, usually for a year, is Gross National Product, or GNP.

The difference between a country’s total earnings or GNP, and its total expenditure is called its balance of payments.

The difference between what a country receives for its visible exports and what it pays for its visible imports is its balance of trade. If a country buys more than it sells, it will have a deficit.

The recent developments in the UK’s foreign trade have been essentially the following:

stabilisation of the agro-food deficit at 3.5 billion thanks to an increase in domestic output;

increase in the consumer goods deficit from 4.4 billion at the beginning of the year to 5.7 billion at the end of the year;

steep deterioration in the balance of trade in industrial raw materials and intermediates from 1.2 billion to 3.4 billion during the year.

Part of the deterioration in the trade deficit can be attributed to the fact that the U.K. is cyclically ahead of its E.E.C. partners, whose combined GDP grew by 0.2% last year.

Trade in consumer goods contributed 1.3 billion to the 4.3 billion trade deficit last year unlike industry trade whose contribution amounted to 4.6 billion.

The increase in industry’s demand resulted in 12.7% growth of its imports accompanied by a 16% fall in its exports.

All that testifies to the U.K.’s poor trade performance last year.

ІІ. Знайдіть англійські еквіваленти українських слів та словосполучень:

visible imports Gross National Product balance of payments surplus domestic output to amount visible export balance of trade deficit Gross Domestic Product

платіжний баланс валовий внутрішній продукт активне сальдо дефіцит внутрішнє виробництво видимий експорт торгівельний баланс валовий національный продукт видимий імпорт 10. досягати

ІІІ. Підберіть пояснення до поданих термінів та словосполучень:

1. balance of payment

2. balance of trade

3. GNP

4. visible export

5. surplus

1. the difference between a country’s GNP and its total expenditure;

2. a situation when a country sells more goods than it buys;

3. goods sold abroad;

4. the total amount of money a country makes including money from visible and invisible export, for a certain period of time;

5. the difference between what a country receives for its visible export and what it pays for its visible imports.

IV. Дайте відповіді на питання:

1. What is GNP?

2. What are invisible import and exports?

3. What is balance of payment?

4. What is a surplus?

5. What is a deficit?

6. What does the analysis in paragraphs V-IX testify to?