Angliyskiy_Petroleum_engineering

Unit 2

as late as + дата — уже, только

3. ' as low as
as much as
as many as	+ величина — (вплоть) до
as high as

as wide as

as soon as — как только

as a matter of fact — фактически, на самом деле as well as — так же, как

as well — также, тоже as to — что касается

as follows — следующим образом as (предлог) — в качестве

as ... as(not so ... as) — такой же... как (не такой ... как)

1.The term «crude oil»refers to oil as it comes out ofthe well.

2.As the popularity ofkerosene increased/ people looked for new ways to produce it.

3.As early as the 1800s. Canadians began to use oil as the source oflighting.

4.About 13 per cent ofpetroleum fractions serve as raw materials in manufacturing of various petrochemicals.

5.Europe, including theAsian part ofRussia, has as much as 7 per cent ofthe world’s oil supply. As to Russia it possesses the largest reserves in the region.

6.Pipelines are to transport oil as well as its products.

7.As the population grows the demand for oil rises as well.

8.The formula ofwater can be written as follows:H20.

9.As soon as anoil accumulation is discovered, drillingoperations begin.

10.As amatter offact in a new field oil usually flows to the surface by itself.

11.Thenew distillation equipment is to produce as manypetroleum fractions as possible.

12.The diameter ofthe pipe can be as large as 1.420m.

13.As soon as oil comes to the surface, the pressure in the well must be controled.

Ex. 5 Translatethe sentences. Mind the different functions ofthe word «one».

1.One can easily solve this problem.

2.The oil field consists ofseveral zones, each zone occupies one third ofthe main field.

3.The mineral, like the onejust described, is of greatinterest for geologists.

4.Oneknows thattheeconomyofmanycountries depends on natural resources ofthese countries.

5.Renewable sources ofenergy are known as unlimited ones.

6.The one-stage process was tested at the refinery.

7.The forecast for gas industry is abright one.

8.Onemustbe careful when workingwith electric equipment.

9.One should say that we must look to our past to see the future.

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Unit 2

Инфинитив и инфинитивные конструкции (The Infinitive and the Infinitive Constructions)

	Формы инфинитива
	Active	Passive
Indefinite	to drill	be drilled
Continuous	tobe drilling	—
Perfect	to have drilled	to have been drilled
Perfect Continuous	to havebeen drilling	—

Функции инфинитива в предложении

1. Подлежащее

Тоexplain this fact is not so easy. Объяснить этот факт не так уж просто, или

Объяснение этого факта не такое уж простое.

2. Обстоятельство

а) пели

(In order) То conduct this experiment the researchers used new equipment.

Для того, чтобы провести этот эксперимент (Для проведения этого эксперимента) исследователи использовали новое оборудование.

б) следствия

Molecules are too small to be seen with the most powerful microscope.

Молекулы слишком малы для того, чтобы их можно было увидеть даже в самый сильный микроскоп.

Молекулы слишком малы, поэтому их нельзя увидеть даже в самый сильный микроскоп. Molecules are not large enough to be seen with the most powerful microscope.

Молекулы недостаточно велики, чтобы их можно было увидеть....

Молекулы недостаточно велики и их нельзя увидеть даже в самый ...

3. Определение
Drakewas the first to drill a commercial well.
Дрейк первым пробурил промышленную скважину.	■***
We observed the experiment to be described later.

Мы наблюдали за экспериментом, который будет (должен быть) описан позже.. Here is the information to be referred to.

Вот информация, на которую следует (будут) ссылаться.

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Unit 2

Конструкция “сложное дополнение с инфинитивом” употребляется после следующих глаголов:

know smb (smth) to do		see smb (sm th)^do smth
assume	— считать, полагать	feel	— чувствовать
believe	— считать, полагать	hear	— слышать
suppose	— полагать, предполагать	see	— видеть
consider	— считать, полагать	watch	— наблюдать
report	— сообщать	observe	— наблюдать
find	— находить, считать	make	— заставлять
expect	— ожидать
know	— знать
think	— думать, полагать
prove	— доказывать
take	— считать		*
desire	— хотеть
wish	— хотеть, желать	"r-':*■
want	— хотеть
require	— требовать
should(would) like	— хотел бы
cause	— заставлять, вызывать, приводить к

Ex. 9 Read the sentences and find the Complex Object Construction with the Infinitive. Translate the sentences.

1.We know Popov to have invented radio.

2.The newspapers reported new deposits ofgas to have been discovered in West Siberia.

3.Even schoolchildren know electronic equipment to be very complex.

4.Newspapers reported British oil firms to be developing rich deposits ofoil in the North Sea.

5.Let us take the distance to be equal 10 km.

6.We know the Earth to turn around the Sun.

7.Manyyears ago scientists believed the electric current to be a stream oftiny electricparticles.

8.Themajority ofscientists considers oil to be oforganic origin.

9.The engineer wants the new device to be tested as soon as possible.

10.The workers required the conditions oftheir work to be improved

11.We’d like the Government to paymuch attention to the protection ofthe environment.

12.The laboratory assistant watchedus make the experiment.

13.The drillers saw thewell begin flowing.

14.The engineers saw the turbine beginrotating.

15.Everybody expected the international exhibition “Oil & Gas” to attract manyvisitors.

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		Unit 2
3.	downstream n	переработка нефти, маркетинг и реализация
4.	explore v	разведывать
		Geologists explore theArctic regions,
	exploration n	разведка (геол.), исследование
	syn. prospecting	the exploration ofthe ocean depths
5.	store v	хранить
		It’s easyto store anyinformation in a computer.
	storage n	1) хранилище, 2) хранение
		1) Vegetables are kept in a cold storage.
		2) Refrigerators are used forthe storage offood.
6.	process v	1) обрабатывать 2) перерабатывать
		1) The data were processed by the computer.
		2) Certain raw materials are processed with chemicals
		before they can be used.
	processing n	1) обработка 2) переработка
		1) data processing
		2) There are several methods ofgas processing,
7.	origin n	происхождение
		The word “geology”is ofLatinorigin.
	originate v	происходить, возникать
		When did this tradition originate?
8.	bury v	1) захоронить, 2) погружать, закапывать
		1) Isaac Newton, the outstanding British scientist, is buried
		inWestminsterAbbey in London.
9.	layer n	слой, пласт
	syn. stratum (p i strata)
	bed
		the bottom layer
		the ozone layer
		The formation is composed ofa number ofsand layers.
10.mud/z		1) ил, 2) буровой раствор
		1) Mud settles on the riverbottom.
		2) The drilling mud is used to clean the well,
11. rock л		порода
		Rocks consist ofminerals,
	source rock	материнская порода
	reservoir rock	порода-коллектор

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