- •Task 1 Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2 Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3 Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2 Pre - reading tasks.
- •Hephaestus
- •Task 2 Comprehension Check
- •Unit 2 Text 1 The Importance of Iron and Advent of Steel
- •Task 1 Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2 Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2 Pre - reading task.
- •Some of the Great Names in the History of Metallurgy
- •Task 2 Comprehension Check
- •Unit 3 Text 1
- •Iron in the Middle Ages
- •Task 1 Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2 Pre - reading task
- •The Coming of the Vikings
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
- •Unit 4 Text 1
- •Iron - Smelting without Charcoal
- •The First Blast Furnaces
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Indefinite and Distributive Adjectives and Pronouns
- •Text 2 Pre - reading task
- •The Crusades
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
- •4. The moment he saw her after all those twenty years he understood that the heart once truly loved never forgets. Chapter 2
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar Present Perfect And Perfect Continuous
- •Text 2 Pre - reading task
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
- •More Progress in Steel Production
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2 Pre - reading task
- •Task 2 Comprehension Check
- •Lincoln
- •Directions
- •Prepositions
- •Unit 3 Text 1 Steel Production in Sheffield
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •The blast furnace
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2. Pre-reading task.
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
- •Student Grants
- •Unit 4 Text 1 The British Steel Industry Today
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2 Pre - reading Task
- •Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
- •Is your writing narrow?
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2 Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2 British Customs and Traditions Pre - reading task
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
- •Unit 2 Text 1 Precious Metals
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2 Pre - reading task
- •The usa Land and Climate
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
- •Inviting. Eating out.
- •Unit 3 Text 1 The Alchemists
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2 Pre- reading Task
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
- •Unit 4 Text 1 Silverware and Plate Industry
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2 The us Government Pre- reading Task
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
- •Chapter 4
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2 Results of Immigration Pre- reading Task
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
- •Unit 2 Text 1 Basic Metallurgy of Cast Iron
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Listening Comprehension
- •Task 4. Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2 Pre- reading Task
- •Education
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
- •Unit 3 Text 1 Alloy Steels
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2 Pre- reading Task
- •The us Customs and Traditions Thanksgiving Day
- •Information Letter. Going on a Business Trip
- •Unit 4 Text 1 Aluminum
- •Task 1. Phonetic Exercise
- •Task 2. Lexical Exercises
- •Task 3. Focus on Grammar
- •Text 2 Pre- reading Task
- •American English
- •Task 2. Comprehension Check
- •Appendix
- •Systems
- •Some Abbrevations
- •Glossary
Systems
Начертательная геометрия Technical Design
Неорганическая химия Inorganic Chemistry
Обработка металлов Metal Processing
Обработка металлов давлением (Metal Processing with Deformation
Общая химия General Chemistry
Органическая химия Organic Chemistry
Порошковая металлургия Powder Metallurgy
Ресурсосбережение Conservation and Recycling
of Materials
Сопротивление материалов Strength (Resistance) of Materials
Теплотехника Heat -transfer
Термодинамика Thermodynamics
Управление производством Manufacturing Management
Физика деформации и разрушения Physics of Deformation and
Destruction
Физика полупроводников Physics of Semiconductors
Физическая культура PT (Physical Training)
Физическая металлургия стали и Physical Metallurgy of Steel and
высокопрочных сплавов High-Strength Alloys
Физические свойства твердых тел Physical Properties of Solids
Электроника Electronic Engineering,
Electronics
Электрометаллургия стали и ферросплавов Electrometallurgy of Steel and
Ferrous Metals
Экология Environmental Issues; Ecology
Экономика Economics
Understanding Mathematical Terms
Units and
Units on SI and ISO standards handbook 2.1979 |
Units based on the foot, pound and others; definitions and conversion factors, further abbreviations. examples | |||||
Quantity |
|
Name of unit |
Internal symbol |
| ||
Time |
t |
Second Minute Hour day |
s min h d |
Time: T; year(s): yr(s); day(s): dy(dys); hour(s): hr(s); minute(s): min(s)=' second(s): sec(s)="; e.g. 4'30" |
| |
Length |
l |
Metre nautical mile |
M n mile |
inch: 1 in=25.4 mm (abbr.: i, in(s)) foot: 1 ft =12 in =0.3048 m e.g. 13'3" = 13 ft 3 in yard: 1 yd=3 ft=36 in=0.9144 m mile: 1 mile=5280 ft= 1609.344 m (abbr.: m, ml(s)) |
| |
Area |
A |
square metre |
m2 |
square inch: in2 (sq in) square foot: ft2 (sq ft) square yard: yd2 (sq yd) square mile: mile2 (sq ml) 1 acre =4840 yd2 |
| |
Volume |
V |
cubic metre litre |
m3 |
cubic inch: in^cu.in) cubic foot: ft3 (cu.ft) cubic yard: yd3 (cu.yd) UK: gallon: 1 gal =277.42 in3 = 4.54609 dm3 pint: 8pt=1 gal; fluid ounce: 160 fl oz=1 gal bushel: 1 bushel =8 gal US: gallon: 1 gal =231 in3 =0.832674 gal (UK) =3.78541 dm3 liquid pint: 8 liq pt=1 gal; fluid ounce: 128 fl oz=1 gal barrel: 1 barrel =42 gal (for petroleum) bushel: 1 bu= 2150.42 cu.in; dry pint: 64 dry pt=1 bu dry barrel: 1 bbl=7056 тэ= 115.627 dm3 (dry) |
| |
Velocity |
u,w v,c |
metre per second kilometre per hour knot |
m/s km/h kn |
foot per second: 1 ft/s= 0.3048 m/s mile per hour: 1 mile/h= 0.44704 m/s 1 km/h =1/3.6 m/s =0.277778 m/s 1 kn=1 n mile per hour =0.514444 m/s |
| |
Acceleration |
a |
metre per second squared |
m/s2 |
foot per second squared: 1 m/s2= 0.3048 m/s2 |
| |
Frequency |
f,v |
hertz |
Hz |
|
| |
Mass |
m |
kilogram tonne |
kg t |
pound: 1 lb= 0.453592237 kg; grain: 7000 gr=1 Ib ounce: 1 oz=1/16 lb= 28.349 g; 1 troy ounce =480 gr stone: 1 st=14 Ib (weight); hundredweight: 1 cwt=112 Ib metric ton (UK) = 1000 kg |
| |
Force |
F |
newton |
N |
1 N is that force which, when applied to a body having a mass of 1 kg, gives it an acceleration of 1 m/s2. pound force: 1 lbf= 4.44822 N |
| |
Pressure |
P |
Pascal bar |
Pa bar |
1 Pa=1 N/m2; 1 bar^O-'Pa pound force per square inch: 1 Ibf/in2^ 684.76 Pa |
| |
Work, Energy |
W,E |
Joule watt hour |
J Wh |
1 J=1 Nm=1Ws; 1 Wh=3.6x103J 1 Kwh=3.6 MJ (megajoule) foot pound-force: 1 ft lbf= 1.35582 J |
| |
Power |
P |
Watt |
W |
1W=1 J/s = V x A foot pound-force per second: 1 ft ibf/s = 1.35582W horsepower: 1hp = 550 ft lbf/s = 745.7W |
| |
Heat |
Q |
Joule |
J |
British thermal unit: 1Btu = 778.169 ft lbf = 1056.06 J |
| |
Temperature |
T |
Degree Celsius |
C K |
Degree Fahrenheit: 1 F = 9/5 tC +32 e.g. 32F = 0C: thirty two degrees Fahrenheit equals zero (nought) Degrees centigrade |
| |
Electric current |
L |
Ampere |
A |
Ampere(s): amp(s) |
| |
Electromotive force |
E |
Volt |
V |
e.g. 24V = twenty four volts |
| |
Resistance |
R |
Ohm |
Ω |
1 Ω = 1 V / A |
|
0,1 - o (zero) point one 0,01 - o (zero) point o (zero) one
0,25 - o (zero) point twenty five - a quarter
0,5 - o (zero) point five - a half
4,3 - four point three
¼ - a quarter, one quarter; one fourth ½ - a half, one half
⅜ - three eighth ⅓ - one third, a third
+ - plus (sign of addition), positive - - minus (sign of substraction),
negative
± - plus or minus
x - times by (multiplication sign) : - sign of division, devided by
a=b - a equals b a# b - a does not equal b
a ~ b - a approximately equals b a > b - a is greater than b
a < b - a is less than b x = ∞ - x approaches infinity
2x2=4 - twice two equals two 1:2 - the ratio of one to two --> [Author:М.С.]
4² - four square y³ - y cubed; y cube
25℅ - twenty five per cent 31 m.p.h. - 31 miles per hour
‰ - per mille 200 r.p.m. - 200 revolutions per
√ 9 - the square root of nine minute
Metric Equivalents
1 inch (in.) = 2,54 centimetres 1 yard (yd) = 0,91 metre
1 mile (m.) = 1,61 kilometres 1 pound (lb) = 0,45 kilograms
1 pint = 0,57 litres
0º C (zero degrees Centigrade) = 32º F (thirty two degrees Fahrenheit)