- •Учебное пособие
- •Компьютер, его потенциал и возможности (Computers in Society)
- •Let Computers Wake Up at Human Speed
- •Mini всех размеров
- •Health and Safety at Work
- •Друг! При работе с пк бдителен будь.
- •Как уменьшить неприятные последствия долгой работы за компьютером
- •Exercise 1. Read the text and be ready to discuss it according to the questions that follow. How Computer Viruses Work
- •Exercise 4. Translate the following using vocabulary (from exercise 1-2):
- •Do you share the author’s opinion? Which of his statements left you hesitant? Or which would you like to reject? Why? What are penal measures for virus creators?
- •Exercise 7. Read the text and make an abstract to it.
- •Virus History
- •Make up a dialogue based on the above text. Be ready to express such emotional reactions as surprise, incredulity, doubt, concession, hope, concern, fear, etc.
- •Двадцать лет — первому компьютерному вирусу
- •«Троянцы» шифруются
- •Other Threats
- •Questions
- •О вирусах «по понятиям»
- •Read the text once again. Make notes of what you’ve read. Be ready to defend each note.
- •Войти через Глобальную паутину
- •A Virus
- •Express your opinion on the feasibility of these rules. Exercise 5. Think what the above rules demand. Look for other people’s opinions. Do they coincide with yours?
- •Netiquette and Net language
- •Exercise 7. Read the text. Which problem does it raise? Can the government see what Web sites I visit?
- •There are a few questions in the text. Answer them the way you believe.
- •1) The National Security Agency
- •2) National Computer Security Center
- •4) The United States Patriot Act
- •5) A conspiracy theory
- •Сеть Internet в жизни американцев
- •How Computer Addiction Works
- •Если компьютеры повсюду, пусть хотя бы не мешают
- •Взгляд в будущее
- •Vocabulary
Health and Safety at Work
Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI): this is a danger when using the keyboard and mouse. This is an injury that causes swelling to joints. It can be prevented by sitting in the correct position when typing, using a wrist rest for both keyboard and mouse and taking frequent breaks from using them.
It is not deemed to be a great risk for using VDU (Visual Display Unit) equipment, but there is always the possibility of eye strain, or neck problems.
Eye strain can be reduced by sitting in a position where you can see the screen properly, or by using an anti glare screen protector.
Neck problems can be avoided by correct posture when sitting at a computer.
Getting comfortable
1. Adjust your chair and VDU to find the most comfortable position for your work. As a broad guide, your forearms should be approximately horizontal and your eyes the same height as the top of the VDU.
2. Make sure you have enough work space to take whatever documents or other equipment you need.
3. Try different arrangements of keyboard, screen, mouse and documents to find the best arrangement for you. A document holder may help you avoid awkward neck and eye movements.
4. Arrange your desk and VDU to avoid glare, or bright reflections on the screen. This will be easiest if neither you nor the screen is directly facing windows or bright lights.
5. Adjust curtains or blinds to prevent unwanted light.
6. Make sure there is space under your desk to move your legs freely. Move any obstacles such as boxes or equipment.
7. Avoid excess pressure from the edge of your seat on the backs of your legs and knees. A footrest may be helpful, particularly for smaller users.
Keying in
Adjust your keyboard to get a good keying position. A space in front of the keyboard is sometimes helpful for resting the hands and wrists when not keying.
Try to keep your wrists straight when keying. Keep a soft touch on the keys and don’t overstretch your fingers. Good keyboard technique is important.
Using a mouse
1. Position the mouse within easy reach, so it can be used with the wrist straight. Sit upright and close to the desk, so you don’t have to work with your mouse arm stretched. Move the keyboard out of the way if it is not being used.
2. Support your forearm on the desk, and don’t grip the mouse too tightly.
3. Rest your fingers lightly on the buttons and do not press them hard.
Reading the screen VDU
1. Adjust the brightness and contrast controls on the screen to suit lighting conditions in the room.
2. Make sure the screen surface is clean.
3. In setting up software, choose options giving text that is large enough to read easily on your screen, when you are sitting in a normal, comfortable working position. Select colours that are easy on the eye (avoid red text on a blue background, or vice versa).
4. Individual characters on the screen should be sharply focused and should not flicker or move. If they do, the VDU may need servicing or adjustment.
Posture and breaks
1. Don’t sit in the same position for long periods. Make sure you change your posture as often as practicable. Some movement is desirable, but avoid repeated stretching to reach things you need (if this happens a lot, rearrange your workstation).
2. Most jobs provide opportunities to take a break from the screen, e.g. to do filing or photocopying. Make use of them. If there are no such natural breaks in your job, your employer should plan for you to have rest breaks. Frequent short breaks are better than fewer long ones.
Exercise 12. . Find Russian equivalents for the following words and word combinations:
Visual Display Unit
eye strain
an anti glare screen protector
correct posture
different arrangements of keyboard
to find the best arrangement for
a document holder
to avoid glare on the screen
to prevent unwanted light
adjust keyboard
to get a good keying position
within easy reach
to grip the mouse too tightly
adjust the brightness and contrast controls
to suit lighting conditions
the screen surface
rearrange your workstation
Exercise 13 . Comment on each advice. Do you find it practical? Why? Do you always arrange your place of work in the way that is recommended? Do you know any other practical hints?
What is good keyboard technique?
What is the proper technique to use a mouse?
What colours are easy on the eye? Why red text on a blue background is undesirable?
Why is it recommended to avoid repeated stretching to reach things you need though movement is necessary? Why frequent short breaks from a screen are better than fewer long ones?
Sum up possible measures to save health and welfare while using a computer.
Exercise 14.Translate the following using vocabulary from Exercise 11.