- •Word order (Порядок слов)
- •Word order
- •Word order
- •1. Обозначает действие, которое происходит в момент речи
- •2. Обозначает действие, происходящее в данный момент, но которое будет происходить в течение ограниченного периода времени
- •3. Обозначает будущее запланированное действие, чаще с указанием места и (или) времени
- •1. Обозначает действие в прошлом, которое происходило в определенный период времени
- •2. Обозначает продолженное действие в прошлом, во время которого происходило другое действие
- •1. Для обозначения действия, которое вот-вот произойдет
- •1. Для обозначения законченного действия, происшедшего в прошедшем времени, результат которого очевиден в настоящем.
- •2. Для обозначения действия, начавшегося в прошлом, но продолжающегося до настоящего момента
- •3. Для обозначения законченного действия, происшедшего в прошедшем времени, но не важно, когда именно
- •Perfect tenses
- •Perfect tenses
- •Pronouns (Местоимения)
- •Pronouns
- •Pronouns
- •Prepositions
- •Prepositions
- •Conjunctions (Союзы)
Word order
Контрольный тест
Выберите правильный вариант ответа
1. The man I sat next to ____.
1) on the plane talked to me all the time
2) talked to me all the time on the plane
3) all the time talked to me on the plane
4) on the plane all the time talked to me
2. You can't imagine ____.
1) how well she plays the guitar
2) how well does she play the guitar
3) she plays the guitar how well
4) the guitar how well she plays
3. Do you ____?
1) always watch TV in the evenings 3) watch TV in the evenings always
2) watch in the evenings TV 4) always in the evenings watch TV
4. We ____.
1) felt all ill after the meal 3) all felt ill after the meal
2) after the meal all felt ill 4) felt after the meal all ill
5. I ____.
1) usually am hungry when I get home from work
2) am usually when I get home from work hungry
3) am hungry usually when I get home from work
4) am usually hungry when I get home from work
6. We are ____ .
1) all going out this evening 3) this evening all going out
2) going all out this evening 4) going out all this evening
7. _____ .
1) All five babies and we are very pleased with Mary Quincy's recovery and the health
2) Mary Quincy's recovery and the health are very pleased with all five babies and we
3) Mary Quincy's recovery all five babies health and we are very pleased
4) We are very pleased with the health of all five babies and Mary Quincy's recovery
8. I ____ to change it.
1) never have wanted 3) didn't never want
2) have never wanted 4) wanted never
9. We were sitting in the garden ____.
1) when started suddenly rain 3) when it suddenly started to rain
2) when suddenly started to rain 4) when started raining
10. The plane was making a strange noise, and ____.
1) I knew was a problem 3) I knew there was a problem
2) I knew a problem was it 4) I knew in it was a problem
VERB (Глагол)
Существует 4 формы основного/смыслового глагола
I - Инфинитив: to work to speak
II --Past Simple worked spoke
(простое прошедшее
время)
III – Past Participle worked spoken
(причастие прош. врем.)
IV – Present Participle working speaking
(причастие наст. врем.
I + ing )
Irregular Verbs (неправильные глаголы)
I – Infinitive II – Past Simple III – Past Participle
be was / were been быть
become became become становиться
begin began begun начинать
break broke broken разбить
bring brought brought приность
build built built строить
burn burnt / burned burnt / burned гореть, жечь
buy bought bought покупать
catch caught caught ловить
come came come приходить
cut cut cut резать
do did done делать
draw drew drawn тащить, рисовать
dream dreamed / dreamt dreamed / dreamt мечтать, видеть сны
drink drank drunk пить
drive drove driven везти, ехать
eat ate eaten есть (пищу)
fall fell fallen падать
feed fed fed кормить
feel felt felt чувствовать
fight fought fought бороться
find found found находить
fly flown flown летать
forgive forgave forgiven прощать
get got got получать, становиться
give gave given давать
go went gone идти, ехать
grow grew grown расти, выращивать
have had had иметь
hear heard heard слышать
hold held held держать
hurt hurt hurt повредить
keep kept kept держать, хранить
know knew known знать
lead led led вести
learn learned / learnt learned / learnt учиться
leave left left оставлять, уезжать
let let let позволять
lie lay laid лежать
lose lost lost терять
make made made делать, заставлять
mean meant meant значить, подразумевать
meet met met встречать
pay paid paid платить
put put put класть
read read read читать
ride rode ridden ездить верхом
ring rang rung звонить
rise rose risen подниматься
run run run бежать
say said said говорить, сказать
see saw seen видеть
sell sold sold продавать
send sent sent посылать
shake shook shaken трясти
shine shone shone светить, сиять
show showed shown показывать
shut shut shut закрывать
sing sang sung петь
sink sank sunk погружаться, тонуть
sit sat sat сидеть
sleep slept slept спать
speak spoke spoken говорить
spend spent spent тратить, проводить
stand stood stood стоять
steal stole stolen красть
swim swam swum плавать
take took taken брать
teach taught taught учить, обучать
tell told told рассказывать, сказать
think thought thought думать
throw threw thrown бросать
understand understood understood понимать
wake woke woken просыпаться
wear wore worn носить
win won won выигрывать
write wrote written писать
ENGLISH TENSES
Таблица времен английского глагола
|
Past (когда?) |
Present (когда?) |
Future (когда?) |
Simple/ Indefinite (как?) Действие происходит постоянно, обычно; отражает общеизвестную истину или какой-либо факт |
S + II I (you, he, she, it, we, they) worked.
Did + S + Io? Did I (you, he, she…) work?
S + did + not + I I (you, he, she,…) did not work.
|
S +I(s) I (you, we, they) work. He (she, it) works.
Do + S + Io? Do I work? Does Does he work?
S + do (does) + not + Io I don’t work. She doesn’t work
|
S + shall + Io I (we) shall / will work. will You (he she, it, they) will work.
(Shall) Will + S + Io? Will I (you, …) work?
S + (shall)will + not + I. He will not (won’t) work shall not – shan’t / will not - won,t |
Continuous / Progressive (как?) Действие происходит непосредственно; носит временный характер; отражает процесс действия; указывает на изменения; может выражать планируемое действие в будущем. |
S + was + I(ing) I (he, she, it) was working. were We (you, they) were working.
Was + S + I(ing)? Was I working? Were
S + was + not + I(ing) I (he, she, it) was not working |
am S + is + I (ing) I am working. are We (you, they) are working He (she, it) is working Am Am I working? Is + S + I(ing)? Is he (she, it) working? Are Are you (we, they) working?
S + am + not + I(ing) I am not working. is are |
S + shall + be + I(ing) I (we) shall / will be working. will He (she, it, you, they) will be working.
Shall + S + be + I(ing)? Will you be working? Will
S + shall + not + be + I(ing) will He will not (won’t) be working. |
Perfect (как?) Past /Future Perfect отражает итог действия к моменту речи. Present Perfect (Simple) – 1) законченность действия к моменту речи; 2) действие началось в прошлом и имеет место в настоящем |
S + had + III I ( you, …) had worked.
Had + S + III? Had I (…) worked?
S + had + not + III I (… ) had not worked |
S + have + III I (we, you, they) have worked. has He (she, it) has worked.
Have + S + III? Have we (you , they) worked? Has Has he (she, it) worked?
S + have + not + III I have not worked. has He has not worked. |
S + shall + have + III I (we) shall / will have worked. will He (she, it ) will have worked.
Shall + S + have + III? Will Will they have worked?
S + shall + not + have + III will
They won’t have worked |
Perfect Continuous (как?) См. Present Perfect (Simple) 2 Действие началось в прошлом и продолжается до сих пор – подчёркивается длительность. |
S + had + been + I (ing) Had + S + been + I (ing)? S + had + not + been + I (ing) I (you, … ) had been working Had I (….) been working? I (…) had not been working
|
S + have + been + I (ing) Has Have + S + been + I (ing)? S + have + not + been + I (ing) I (we, you, they) have been working. He (she, it) has been working Have I been working? Has she been working? I haven’t been working
|
S + shall + have + been + I (ing) will Shall + S + have + been + I (ing)? Will
S + shall + not + have + been + I (ing) will I shan’t have been working They won’t have been working
|
Времена группы SIMPLE (Простые времена)
THE PRESENT SIMPLE (Настоящее простое время)
В третьем лице единственного числа (he, she, it) добавляется окончание –s/ -es
The present simple используется в следующих случаях:
1. Обозначает действие, которое происходит сейчас и будет происходить в будущем
Употребляется, когда рассказываем о своей жизни, работе, т.д.
Примеры:
Martin lives in Canada.
I work in a hospital.
"What kind of books do you read?” “I mostly read science fiction."
2. Обозначает обычное, повторяющееся действие
Показатели:
always
often
sometimes
occasionally
on Tuesdays
every day
once a month
twice a year, etc
Примеры:
They often go out to restaurants.
I travel to London twice a month.
He gets up at 6 o'clock.
She goes to church every Sunday.
3. Обозначает общеизвестный факт
Oil floats on water.
Two and two make four.
4. Обозначает будущее действие, если речь идет о графиках, расписаниях
Примеры:
The next plane to Los Angeles leaves at 6:25.
The meeting is on Thursday.
What time does the show start?
THE PAST SIMPLE (Прошедшее простое время)
Существуют правильные и неправильные глаголы. Если глагол правильный, то прошедшее время образуется при помощи окончания –ed, например:
I walk → I walked
we wait → we waited
they jump → they jumped
У неправильных глаголов для времени Past simple используется вторая форма глагола, например:
I go → I went
we buy → we bought
they see → they saw
The past simple обозначает действие, которое происходило и закончилось в прошлом
Показатели:
yesterday
a week ago
at midnight
last year
last Tuesday
in 1992, etc
Примеры:
He kicked the ball into the net.
I went home early because I had a headache.
The police found a dead body in the river.
Our visitors arrived yesterday.
Where did you go last week?
The war ended in 1945.
USED TO
Used to используется для обозначения привычного действия в прошлом, но не происходящего в настоящем. Used to используется с основной формой глагола, например: used to smoke, used to live, used to be.
Примеры:
I used to play football a lot when I was at school.
She used to smoke 40 cigarettes a day.
The club used to be very fashionable.
They used to live in Los Angeles.
В отрицательных предложениях используется didn’t use to, или used not to.
Примеры:
I didn’t use to like spicy food. OR I used not to like spicy food.
В вопросительных предложениях используется did (you/she/john etc) use to ... ?
Did you use to smoke?
What did she use to call him?
THE FUTURE SIMPLE (Будущее простое время)
Обозначает действие, которое будет происходить в будущем. Образуется при помощи добавления will к смысловому глаголу, краткая форма ’ll. В отрицательных предложениях краткая форма won’t.
Примеры:
I will talk to them.
We’ll have a break at six o’clock.
I’ll talk to them.
He’ll be arriving later.
Don’t worry, I won’t break it.
Нельзя употреблять Future Simple после when, if, unless, before, after, and as soon as
Примеры:
I’ll call you when I get back. NOT I’ll call you when I will get back.
If the bus leaves now, it will get there by 6. NOT If the bus will leave now, it will get there by 6.
SIMPLE TENSES
Тренировочные упражнения
Выберите правильный вариант ответа
1. Mrs Pocock ____ to raise money for the hospital transplant programme.
1) want 2) is wanted 3) have wanted 4) wants
2. At the age of nineteen Mike Leaf ____ to work in Japan.
1) went 2) go 3) gone 4) enjoyed
3. Oh, dear! The coffee ____ wonderful.
1) smelling 2) smells 3) smell 4) is smelt
4. The ship sank because the engineer ____ for help.
1) not called 2) wasn't calling 3) didn't call 4) called
5. You're quite right, Fred. I ____ with you.
1) completely agreeing 3) have completely agreed
2) completely agree 4) am completely agreed
6. One day in 1987 the headmaster ____ Colin practicing the violin.
1) was hearing 2) heard 3) had heard 4) was heard
7. She ____ her dentist twice a year.
1) sees 2) is seeing 3) has seen 4) see
8. Do you think he___ me after so much time has passed?
1) recognizes 3) will be recognizing
2) is recognizing 4) 'll recognize
9. His father ____ a chain of restaurants in London.
1) owning 2) is owned 3) owns 4) had owned
10. Can you explain why water always ____ downhill?
1) runs 2) is running 3) run 4) will run
SIMPLE TENSES
Контрольный тест
Выберите правильный вариант ответа
1. Mr Smith ____ sick today.
1) being 2) is 3) does 4) will
2. He always ____ his homework carefully.
1) is preparing 2) will prepare 3) prepares 4) has prepared
3. They ____ to the park as often as they can.
1) went 2) have gone 3) go 4) would go
4. She ____ her mind every day.
1) will change 2) has changed 3) change 4) changes
5. I'm sure you ____ the book you've lost.
1) find 2) found 3) will find 4) were finding
6. Your cough ____ bad.
1) sounds 2) sound 3) is sounding 4) is sounded
7. Do you know exactly when the train ____ according to the timetable?
1) arrives 2) is arriving 3) arrive 4) will arrive
8. Hurry up! The concert ____ in 15 minutes.
1) was starting 2) start 3) starts 4) started
9. When the teacher ____ the room, the students were talking.
1) entering 2) entered 3) would enter 4) had entered
10. When you return home, you ____ a lot of changes.
1) 'll notice 2) noticed 3) notice 4) have noticed
Времена группы PROGRESSIVE (Продолженные времена)
to be +Ving |
Следующие глаголы не используются во временах группы Progressive:
be have see
believe like agree
know love disagree
recognize hate mean
remember prefer need
understand want deserve
wish belong
Вместо Progressive tenses употребляется времена группы Simple, например:
I know the answer. NOT I am knowing the answer.
She understands me. NOT She is understanding me.
THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE (Настоящее продолженное время)
am/is/are + Ving |
I am waiting, she is coming.
The present progressive используется в следующих случаях: