Дієприкметник

Утворення Present Participle

(Participle I), IV форма дієслова

To do(без to) + ing = doing – роблячий, роблячи

To stand(без to) + ing = standing – стоячий, стоя

To take (без to) +ing = taking – беручий

To seat (без to) + ing = sitting – сидячий, сидя

Утворення Past Participle

(Participle II), III форма дієслова

Правильні дієслова

To ask (без to) + ed = asked - запитаний

To close (без to) +ed = closed - закритий

Неправильні дієслова

To take => taken - взятий

To see => seen - бачений

To find => found - знайдений

Forms of Present Participle
Active Voice	Passive Voice
Simple Tenses
Playing - граючи Writing - записуючи Playing cricket you hit the ball with a bat. Граючи в крикет, ви б’єте м’яч битою.	Being played – в який грають Being written – який записують Being played by two groups of people cricket is a team game. Оскільки в крикет грають дві групи людей, це командна гра.

Perfect Tenses
Having played Having written Having played the first set he broke his racket. –Відіграв перший сет, він зламав ракетку.	Having been played Having been written Having been played all over England cricket became a national English game. –Оскільки в крикет грали по всій Англії, він став національною англійскою грою.

Cricket is played mostly in England. – В крикет грають головним чином в Англії.

Cricket has been played for over two centuries. –У крикет грають вже більше200 років.

Функції дієприкметника

Означення Attribute	The playing boy is my brother. The boy playing in the field is my brother. The broken chair was thrown away. The chair broken by Tim was thrown away.
Іменна частина складного присудка Predicative	A few pages in the book are missing. The door is locked.
Обставина Adverbial modifier	Playing cricket two teams hit the ball in turn. Having won the first game they left the field talking and laughing. Not knowing the rules of the game Tim was at a loss.

N.B.!

Зверніть увагу на способи перекладу на англійську мову українських словосполучень, що відповідають дієприкметнику.

Активний стан	Недоконаний вид	який кидає, кидаючи	throwing
	Доконаний вид	a)який кинув b)кинувши	а)цю форму можна перекласти тільки підрядним означальним реченням who threw, who has thrown, who had thrown b)having thrown
Пасивний стан	Недоконаний вид	якого кидають	being thrown
	Доконаний вид	кинутий	thrown

Participle II має одну форму для всіх граматичних часів (Active and Passive Voice)

I have never played cricket. – Я ніколи не грав в крикет.

He said he had never played cricket. –Він сказав, що ніколи не грав в крикет.

Exercise 1. Define the type of Participle and give the Infinitive.

E.g. writing – Participle 1, to write - Infinitive

Washed, covering, sung, playing, lying, lain, stood, receiving, losing, taken, gone, speaking.

Exercise 2. Перекладіть на англійську мову.

Який приносить, принесений, приносячи, принісши, який перекладає, перекладений, перекладаючи, переклавши, даючи, написавши, який читає, який бере, даний, прочитавши, зроблений, що п`є, сказаний, будучи загубленим, намалювавши, який написав, роблячи, взятий, взявши, малюючи, випитий, зробивши, ідучи, який пише, давши, прочитаний, який малює, який робить, намальований, випивши, який говорить, беручи, написаний, читаючи, який іде, сказавши, який дає, подивившись, будучи забутим, який будує, граючи, погравши, розказаний, який розказав, бачачи, який приніс, будучи принесеним, приносячи, продавши, побудований.

Exercise 3. Choose the necessary form of the Participle:

1. a) The girl (washing, washed) the floor is my sister.

b)The floor (washing, washed) by Helen looked very clean.

2. a.) The house (surrounding, surrounded) by tall trees is beautiful.

b.)The wall (surrounding, surrounded) the house was very high.

3. Read the (translating, translated) sentences once more.

4. Name some places (visiting, visited) by you last year.

5. I picked up the pencil (lying, lain) on the floor.

6. (Taking, Taken) the girl by the hand, she led her across the street.

7. It was not easy to find the (losing, lost) stamp.

8. Translate the words (writing, written) on the blackboard.

9. He could not see the sun (covering, covered) by dark clouds.

10. His hat (blowing , blown) off by the wind was lying in the middle of the street.

Exercise 4. Translate into Ukrainian.

A. 1.The rising moon flooded the room with light. 2.He stood watching the match.3 Being in town he visited his friend. 4. While studying in the Institute, Ann read a lot. 5. Entering the room, she turned on the light. 6. Having descended the mountain they heard a man calling for help. 7. While being examined the boy could not help crying. 8. Having prescribed the medicine the doctor went away. 9. They were watching the moving particles.

B. 1. Nobody saw the things kept in that box. 2. We stopped before a shut door. 3. They saw overturned tables and chairs and pieces of broken glass all over the room. 4. She wanted her coat mended. 5. They heard her to be spoken to. 6. The heated object became red-hot. 7. The complexity of the technique involved increased considerably. 8. The equipment needed for experiment was carefully checked. 9.The temperature of the liquid obtained remained constant.

Exercise 5. Transform these sentences according to the model and translate them.

1. The man who is standing near the captain is their new coach.

The man standing near the captain is their new coach.

1. Do you know the man who is talking to Mr. Brown? 2. The sea which washes Norway in the south-west is called the North Sea. 3. The new stadium that houses forty five thousand people is a wonderful building. 4. She looked at the plane which was disappearing in the clouds.

B) I have just read his article that was published in the newspaper.

I have just read his article published in the newspaper.

1. Did you see the contract that was signed last Thursday? 2. Did you hear the announcement that was made on the radio? 3. Did he take part in the conference that was held last month?

C) When I heard the news, I phoned him.

Hearing the news I phoned him.

1. When I saw him, I felt happy. 2. When he watched the game, he enjoyed it. 3. When she spoke to mother, she asked her advice. 4. When they drove home, they saw Mr. Bentley. 5. When they arrived at the airport, they saw their friends there.

D) As she said so she went out of the room.

Saying so she went out of the room.

1. As his looked out of the window he saw his father. 2. As she felt tired she sat down in the armchair. 3. As he did not know what to do he asked his brother’s advice. 7. As he failed to hit the ball he got angry.

E) While they were traveling in Europe they visited Spain.

(While) traveling in Europe they visited Spain.

1. While he was looking through the newspaper he saw a picture of his friend. 2. While he was speaking to John, he invited him to the birthday party. 3. While he was walking along the street, he met his old friend.

F) After he had done his homework he went for a walk.

Having done his homework he went for a walk.

1. After he had a holiday he felt better. 2. After he had made an appointment with Mr. Brown he told the director about it. 3. After they had settled all the questions they signed the contract. 4. After he had taken Ben to hospital he phoned his mother.

Exercise 6. Paraphrase the sentences using Participles.

1. When he had left the house and was crossing the street, he suddenly stopped as he remembered that he had forgotten to phone his friend. 2. He looked at me and hesitated: he did not know what to say. 3. As he had long lived in those parts and knew the place very well, he easily found his way to the marketplace. 4. He has no language problems, because he has been studying English for a long time. 5. After I had written this exercise, I began to doubt whether it was correct. 6. Take care when you cross the street. 7. Students should always be attentive while they are listening to the lecturer. 8. There are many students who study physics. 9. Don’t you feel tired after you have walked so much? 10. As he was promised help, he felt quieter. 11. After he was shown in, he was told to take off his coat and wait for a while. 12. He poured out a cup of coffee and sat down in a cosy armchair.

Exercise 7. Translate into English.

1. Учора в газеті була стаття, описуюча історію міста. 2. Повертаючись додому він згадав, що не відправив важливого листа. 3. Доївши свій сніданок, він пішов на роботу. 4. Купивши цю машину, він був щасливий. 5. Буваючи у місті, він відвідав свого друга. 6. Стаття, прочитана вчора, була дуже цікава. 7. Перекладена стаття цікава. 8. Книги, взяті в бібліотеці, слід повернути вчасно. 9. Ось книга, про яку так багато говорять. 10. Вони спостерігали за рухаючимися частинками. 11. Отримана речовина була ретельно досліджена. 12. Ми можемо використати метод, запропонований Корнером. 13. Зробивши уроки, діти пішли гуляти. 14. Будучи дуже зайнятим, він не відразу почув мене. 15. Випивши чашку чаю, вона відчула себе краще. 16. Граючись у саду, діти не помітили, що стало темно. 17. Том підійшов до дівчинки, яка сміялась. 18. Прочитавши багато книг Дікенса, він добре ознайомився з цим письменником. 19. Артистка, яка розповідає дітям казки по радіо, відома на всю країну. 20. Дитина завжди з інтересом слухає казки, які розповідає няня. 21. Розповідаючи дітям казки, вона говорить різними голосами, імітуючи героїв казок. 22. Казка, яку розповідала няня, справила на дитину велике враження. 23. Розповівши дитині казку, вона вимкнула світло. 24. Моя бабуся, що розповіла меня цю казку, живе у маленькому селі.