Вариант 2 (экономические специальности)

I. Import – Export

1) International trade is the exchange of goods and services between different countries. Depending on what a country produces and needs, it can export (sell goods to another country) and import (buy goods from another country). Governments can control international trade. The most common measures are tariffs (or duties) and quotas. A tariff is a tax on imported goods, and a quota is the maximum quantity of a product allowed into a country during a certain period of time. These measures are protectionist as they raise the price of imported goods to “protect” domestically produced goods.

2) International organizations such as the WTO (World Trade Organization) and EFTA (European Free Trade Association) regulate tariffs and reduce trade restrictions between member countries.

3) Companies can choose from various methods to establish their products in a foreign market. One option is to start by working with local experts such as sole agents or multi – distributors, who have specialist knowledge of the market and sell on behalf of the company. This often leads to the company opening a local branch or sales office. Another option is to sell, or give permission to use, patents and licenses for their products. Companies may wish to start by manufacturing in the export market, in which case they can either set up a local subsidiary or a joint venture with a local partner.

Дополнительный словарь:

tariffs - тарифы

duties – пошлины

quotas – квоты

protectionist – протекционистские

local subsidiary – филиал

sole agents – отдельные агенты

multi – distributors – дистрибуторы

joint venture – совместное предприятие

1. Прочтите и устно переведите текст, затем перепишите и письменно переведите 2) и 3)абзацы текста.

2. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

What is international trade?

What are the methods to establish products in a foreign market?

3. Составьте пять типов вопросов к следующему предложению.

Governments can control international trade.

II. 1. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, принимая во внимание различные функции слов, it, that, one.

1. One of the most important tasks now is transportation of these goods.

2. It is necessary to research this market.

3. It is this method of analysis that yielded best results.

2. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения.

1. As labour differs from other production factors, social and political problems should be taken into account by economists in considering factor costs.

2. Any entry in a journal ought to be recorded accurately to avoid errors in further balances.

3. A Central Bank of every country must perform two basic functions. It must be a banker both to the commercial banks and to the government.

2. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, учитывая различные функции глагола to be.

1. The aim of that book is to form a theory of the role of government in economic life.

2. Prices are to regulate production and consumption in a market economy.

3. He will be asked to solve the basic problem of economy.