Hyperbole
Hyperbole is a deliberate exaggeration used for effect.
Ex: He embraced her a thousand times.
bleeding heart – сердце кровью обливается (of a person who is excessively softhearted)
Epithet
Epithet is a descriptive word or phrase, especially f praise or blame, added to or substituted for a person's name.
Ex: "Lackland" is an epithet for King John.
Epithets often show the attitude of the author to the object he is speaking about and if these epithets are used regularly, they become clichés.
Ex: America the Beautiful - "Америка прекрасная" / Красавица Америка
Alliteration
Alliteration is the use of the same consonant (consonantal alliteration) or of a vowel, not necessarily the same vowel (vocalic alliteration), at the beginning of each word or each stressed syllable in a line of verse.
Alliteration sounds that are difficult to pronounce make a “tongue twister”.
Ex: Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers;
A peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked.
The stylistic effect of alliteration is very wide in English but relatively seldom in Russian.
Ex: around the rock the ragged rascal ran
Ex: Three statesmen who stood for the Prime Minister were characterized in the speech as donnish, dignified and dull. (академичен, приличен, скучен)
Alliteration is used in many common set phrases:
(DEI) —
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Set phrase |
English sentence |
Russian translation |
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through fair or foul (good or bad) - что бы ни случилось, несмотря ни на что, при любых обстоятельствах |
He will go through foul or fair to achieve his ends. |
Он будет добиваться своей цели любыми средствами.
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safe and sound - цел и невредим, жив-здоров |
Tell your aunt you're safe and sound, and right on the dot of seven. (P. H. Johnson, ‘An Impossible Marriage’, part I, ch. 14) |
Передайте тетушке, что я доставил вас в целости и сохранности ровно в семь. |
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through thick and thin (through all kinds of difficulties) - несмотря ни на какие препятствия, трудности; решительно, не колеблясь |
There's five hundred men here to back you up through thick and thin. (Hall Caine, ‘The Manxman’, part V, ch. VI) |
Здесь пятьсот человек, которые грудью постоят за вас. |
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spic(k)-and-span (very clean) - очень аккуратный, опрятный; чистый, без единого пятнышка |
He keeps his car spic(k)-and-span. |
У него машина всегда блестит. |
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(as) pretty as a picture (attractive) - очаровательная, хороша как картинка |
... she's a young actress I know. she's as pretty as a picture. (W. S. Maugham, ‘Theatre’, ch. XVIII) |
... Я знаю одну молодую актрису. Она хороша как картинка. |
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kith and kin (family relationships) - друзья и родня; родные и близкие |
He was without kith or kin, a lonely old man, embittered and pessimistic ... (J. London, ‘The People of the Abyss’, ch. XIII) |
Это был старик без роду без племени, одинокий, озлобленный пессимист ... |
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the fat is in the fire (the harm is already done) - дело сделано; дело скверно, быть беде |
There'll be a row. I knew there would: and begad all the fat's in the fire. (W. Thackeray, ‘Pendennis’, vol. II, ch. XVIII) |
Будет история! Я знал это наперед, черт возьми! Ну и каша заварилась! |
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as good as gold (excellent; very good indeed) |
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(as) dead as a doornail (dead beyond any doubt) |
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The Peculiarities of the Newspaper Style and Their Translation
1. Newspaper headlines
2. The structure of a newspaper item