- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Input devices
- •Input Peripheral Output
- •Introduction
- •Improvement Reason
- •Introduction
- •Type them using a keyboard
- •Date passwd Is
- •36 Unit 6 Operating Systems
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Instructions/complex instructions
- •46 Unit 8 Applications Programs
- •1 A museum
- •2 Publishers of a subscription-only magazine
- •54 Unit 10 Computing Support Officer
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •98 Unit 20 The ex-hacker
- •Introduction
- •In Computing
- •Introduction
- •108 Unit 22 People in Computing
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Interview: Former Student
- •I How up to date did you feel the course was?
- •I That question really relates to my next one. Is there anything that you would add to or take away from the course?
- •Very bottom. You see that little status
- •Is that right? с Yes.
- •Interview: Webpage Creator
- •In touch if there's any further
- •Interview: The ex-hacker
- •Interviewer Ralph was one of two 18-year-olds arrested in the 1990s for hacking into a large American
- •I So you're sitting in front of your computer...Somewhere, how do you set about getting into someone else's system?
- •I How can you avoid being hacked into?
- •I Did you feel terribly excited?
- •I How did they track you down?
- •I Now you're helping companies to avoid people like you.
- •I Do you hackers know each other? Is there a competitive element to all this? Is there a kind of rivalry?
- •I Movies sometimes feature hackers.
- •I a recent survey found that four out of ten uk consumers are reluctant to use credit cards for Internet purchases. How risky is it really?
- •5 Keen reader
- •Information Technology
Improvement Reason
change the programming Pascal and COBOL component perhaps to С++ are not in demand
Revision: Past simple questions
This should be revision for most Ss. Ask questions in the Past simple about Paul's time as a student. For example,
-
What subjects did he study?
-
Who gave advice on the best place to look for help?
-
How many subjects did he study?
-
When did he complete his course?
-
What practical work did he do?
Write the questions on the board and make sure Ss are familiar with the question words. Then check they understand the structure of questions in the Past simple by writing this sentence on the board and asking them to make questions which focus on each piece of information in turn.
Paul1 studied2173 in Newcastle^ two years ago*.
Demonstrate that questions which focus on the subject or agent are not made with did. Who studied IT?
Questions which focus on past actions require
the dummy verb do.
What did Paul do two years ago?
Questions which focus on other points of information require did. What did Paul study?
5 Ss should do this individually and then compare in pairs. You can also use the answers for a paired speaking activity asking and answering questions about Pauline's study. For example:
A How many subjects did she study in her first
term? В Six.
Key5
1 How many subjects did you study in your first term?
-
How many days each week did you have classes?
-
What did you have on Monday morning?
-
Which day was a free day for home study?
-
Where/In which room did you have Systems Analysis on Wednesday?
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What did you study on Thursdays?
-
When did Programming happen?^- wr0 „y
-
How often did Communication take place?
-
Whose classes did you like most?
10 When did you have your lunch break?
WORD STUDY
tip- and -up verbs
6 Check that Ss are familiar with the meaning of these verbs; then set the task for individual work.
Key 6
1 backup 2 upgrade 3 free up
4 uploaded 5 startup 6 update 7 starts up
8 set up 9 keep up/catch up
10 catch up/keep up 11 built up
SPEAKING
Role play
7 Pairs should switch roles so that each student has a chance to play both parts*
WRITING
8 This is quite a demanding task and Ss will need help in preparing for it. Refer them to their own college or university prospectus and website where they should find a course description and a statement of objectives. Make sure they know the English equivalents of the terms used. You can find English-language IT course descriptions in many UK college and university websites. It may help to print off a few to provide help with essential vocabulary.
UNIT 6
Operating Systems
Introduction
The OS (operating system) is the set of computer programs that allow the user to perform basic tasks like copying, moving, saving and printing files. It also provides an interface between (i.e. provides communication between) applications programs (e.g. wordprocessors or spreadsheets) and the computer hardware. As a user interacts with an applications program on the screen, the applications program communicates with the operating system and the operating system communicates with the computer hardware. The work of the operating system takes place in the background and is not always obvious to the user.
The most important program in an OS is the supervisor program. It remains in memory all the time that the computer is operating, and manages the OS. It loads other parts of the OS into memory when they are needed. Programs that remain in memory while the computer is in use are known as resident programs. Programs that only stay in memory while they are being used are known as nonresident programs.
Some operating systems are command driven (i.e. the user runs a program by typing
a command). The screen is usually blank except for a symbol (e.g. $) which acts as a command prompt. When the command is typed at the prompt and the Enter key is pressed, the command is processed and the output is displayed on the screen. OS commands are usually short words or abbreviations (e.g., date, logout, passwd, Is).
Unix is a command driven operating system used on all sizes of computers, but mostly large multi-user, multi-tasking mainframe computers. It is available in many versions, such as Linux, Minix, HP-UX, Xenix, Venix, Ultrix, A/UX, AIX, Solaris, and PowerOpen. Other command driven operating systems mentioned in this unit include: VAX/VMS, MVS VM OS/390, NetWare, MS-DOS and PC-DOS.
Some operating systems have a GUI (pronounced like 'goo-ey' - graphical user interface) that allows the user to use a mouse to click on icons on the screen or choose commands from a list of choices known as a menu. Operating systems with graphical interfaces mentioned in this unit include: MacOS, OS/2, Penpoint, Windows NT, Windows 3.x, Windows 9X and Windows 2000.
OBJECTIVES
By the end of this unit, Ss should be better at:
-
predicting text contents from figures and title
-
making a summary
-
exchanging information and defending decisions orally.
They should understand and be able to use:
• the -ing form in subject position and after prepositions.
They should know and be able to use logical connectives such as:
although/because/but/in addition/such as/ therefore.
STARTER
1 Ss should work in pairs or small groups to make a list of any operating systems they know. Make a board list from their answers. Your task is to record and, where appropriate,
UNIT б Operating Systems 35
correct. Any disputes on technical matters should be referred back to the Ss to find the correct answers. They can then work out what the Unix commands mean and compare answers within their groups. BST is British Summer Time.
Key1