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Higher Education in Great Britain
"Higher Education" in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, which currently consists of some 96 universities and 70 or so Colleges of Higher Education, means the stage of education which follows after one obtains qualifications equivalent to the Advanced Level of the General Certificate of Education.
In Scotland, the qualifying examinations are called "Highers", and some students take a Certificate of Sixth Year Studies, which is similar to A-levels. The/concept of universal education was accepted in Scotland as early as the sixteenth century, long before such views prevailed elsewhere in Britain. St. Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh Universities were established in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
Universities in Britain are divided into three types: 1. The old established universities, such as Oxford (founded 1249), Cambridge and Edinburgh. Oxford and Cambridge together are often called Oxbridge. 2. The 19th century universities such as London and Manchester. 3. The new universities established after World War II, such as Essex, Lancaster, The New University of Ulster.
The higher education system consists of Universities, Colleges of Higher Education and a number of small specialised colleges in areas of study such as Fine Art, Music and Agriculture.
Students or undergraduates can complete their first (Bachelor's) Degree in a minimum of three years. Law degrees and some others require four years of study, while medicine takes longer. Students awarded their Bachelor's Degree are called graduates.
Universities, and to a limited extent Colleges of Higher Education, offer a wide range of one-year, or sometimes two-year, taught graduate courses leading to a Master's Degree.
Universities also offer research degrees (Doctor's Degrees), which have a very limited taught element, and are an opportunity to undertake research over a period of, generally, at least three years. The period for the award of a research degree is not laid out: it depends on the progress made. Students working for their Master's and Doctor's Degrees are called postgraduates.
Most UK universities are keen to increase their numbers of postgraduate students. Many of the leading UK universities are looking forward to the development of Graduate Schools, Major research-based universities, such as Birmingham, Durham, Manchester, Sheffield and Warwick, have taken the initiative in setting up Graduate Schools, reflecting the very high level accorded to postgraduate activities in these institutions.
UK universities offer full time programmes and also part-time and distance learning programmes. An academic year is divided into three terms of about 10 weeks each.
In 1971 the Open University was established, where the formal qualifications (GCSE A-levels) are not necessary. Nearly a quarter of all adult part-time students participate in its degree courses on radio and television.
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How many universities and colleges of higher education are there in Great Britain?
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Our Academy. N. Tagil social pedagogical Academy
There are many institutes, universities and academies in our country. Thousands of young people study there. Our Academy is one of the oldest and largest higher schools-in our town. It was founded in 2003, but its history has begun since 1939. Then it was called Teacher's Institute and there were two faculties in it. In 1952 it was transformed into Pedagogical Institute. About 5000 students study at our Academy.
I am a first-year student of the Academy. After finishing secondary school I entered the Academy. Anyone entering a Russian higher school must take entrance examinations. I had to take entrance examinations in Russian, ... . The Academy is large. It has six buildings for studies, three hostels for students. I study at the faculty of... .
The head of our Academy is the principal. He has several vice-principals. One of them is in charge of research and the others are in charge of tuition work. The Academy has eight faculties: -physics and mathematics, chemistry and biology, Russian and literature, technology and undertaking, safety of vital activity, fine arts, foreign languages, social, there are also two institutes: the institute of humanitarian education and the institute of psychological and pedagogical education. Some faculties have specialities, such as geography, public relations, informatics. At the head of every faculty is the dean.
The Academy has a comprehensive curriculum in humanities and applied sciences. All the pedagogical and scientific work is being carried by chairs. The chairs help every student get ready for his future work.
There are many laboratories and various work-shops in the Academy. The students make their experiments there. The laboratories are equipped with up-to-date devices and apparatus.
The Academy provides excellent facilities for research work. The students have every opportunity to develop their abilities, gifts and talents. They have excellent conditions for studies. The Academy has a good library with thousands of volumes on a wide range of subjects. It has a large, comfortable reading room, a concert hall, a gym, where the students can go in for sports.
The Academy has a wide variety of amateur groups which arrange concerts and theatre productions, for example, a drama society, a choir and others. There are also different clubs and sports societies.
The students, who have good marks in examinations, get scholarships. They usually don't pay anything for their studies.
The Academic year begins in September. It lasts ten months. The academic year is divided into two terms from September to January and from February to July. Students take examinations at the end of each term. During each term students have to attend lectures and practical lessons, to write compositions, to make reports, to write course papers. If a student fails in an examination, he may be allowed to take it again. Only two re-examinations are normally allowed. For a breach of discipline a student can be fined a sum of money, for a serious offence he may be expelled from the university. At the end of studies students present a graduation thesis or pass final state examinations. The course of studies lasts five years, but you may finish your education after the 4th year and get a Bachelor Degree-Specialization begins in the third course. Graduates from our Academy are usually good specialists in our region.
to develop abilities - развивать способности
wide range - широкий круг
to enter - поступать
to take (entrance) examinations – сдавать экзамен
to go in for - заниматься
hostel - общежитие
amateur group - самодеятельность
principal - ректор
vice-principal - проректор
to be in charge of- быть ответственным
research work - научная работа
curriculum - учебный план
tuition work - учебная работа (часть)
dean - декан
public relations - связи с общественностью
practical lesson - практические занятия
Physics and mathematics - физмат
to make reports - делать доклад
Chemistry and biology - Химико- биологический
Russian and literature - филологический
Technology and undertaking- технологического образования
Safety of vital activity - ФБЖ
Fine arts - Художественно-графический
Foreign languages - Иностранных языков
Social - социальной работы
comprehensive - всесторонний
to get scholarship - получать стипендию
humanities - гуманитарные науки
applied sciences - прикладные науки
chair - кафедра
work-shop - лаборатория
to make experiment - проводить эксперимент
to be equipped - хорошо оборудован
up-to-date devices – современные приспособления
re-examination - пересдача
to be expelled from - исключить
graduation thesis - выпускная работа
to pass final state examination – сдать государственный экзамен
Academic year - учебный год
The institute of humanitarian education - социально-гуманитаpный институт
The institute of psychological and pedagogical - институт психологии и педагогики
course papers - курсовая работа
to fail in an exam - провалить экзамен
equipment - оборудование
register - журнал
credit-test - зачет
to study by correspondence - учиться заочно
to get an increased scholarship - получать повышенную стипендию
to be left back - быть оставленным на второй год
double-period - пара
student's pass - студенческий билет
student's record-book - зачетка
canteen - столовая
cloak-room - раздевалка
time-table - расписание
department - отделение
break - перемена
monitor – староста