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16. What does it mean to be efficient/well-organized?

To be efficient/well-organized means:

  • To be highly-qualified (which means to have an appropriate degree, professional training and retraining courses, working experience, relevant skills, also it can be international experience, research interests, participation in International Professional Associations);

  • To manage one’s time effectively (which means to delegate tasks to subordinates, use prioritizing, have ability to focus on the most important tasks);

  • To be well-presented (which means to have an image/appearance appropriate to the situation, to look and sound appropriate, avoid overdressing; a person shouldn’t be good-lookers).

17. How could one use swot approach to improve one’s image/profile and enhance one’s career development?

The SWOT analysis is a tool for evaluating (estimating, assessing) oneself (and also other people, the situations, any events and objects).

One should identify and estimate his or her Strengths (strong points), Weaknesses (weak points), Opportunities and Threats. It is critical neither to overestimate nor to underestimate these factors.

To develop one’s career successfully one should expose his or her strengths and cover his or her weaknesses. To cover weaknesses means:

  • Try to avoid situations where weaknesses are exposed;

  • Ask to advice;

  • Develop personality (training and retraining);

  • If one feels under pressure and doesn’t use his or her strengths he or she even can find another job.

18. What are the most important techniques of managing one’s time effectively?

There are two most important techniques which can help to manage one’s time effectively:

  • Delegating;

  • Prioritizing.

Delegating is an authorizing subordinates to make certain decisions.

Prioritizing is a process of ranking tasks of their priority and focusing on the most important tasks.

20. What are the most common types of problem people and how do experienced managers deal with them?

There are two common types of problem people:

  • Authoritarian person;

  • Defensive person.

Authoritarians talk too much and don’t listen enough. They assume that people are basically lazy, can’t be trusted and must not be allowed to make their own decisions because they would get it wrong. Authoritarians expect unswerving obedience and for someone with ideas and initiative it can be very frustrating. Doing nothing is not a good idea – unless it suits you to have someone taking all the decisions and telling you what to do.

To deal with such people a manager should try to modify the situation. The key lies in understanding what sort of situation triggers their authoritarian behavior (risk of chaos, violation of a non-negotiable matter, insubordination). One will reduce the problem if one is compliant on the issues that are sacrosanct and non-negotiable, but otherwise assertive. A useful approach is to assume that it’s all right to do things until told otherwise. This will give you some space for initiative, and you can win their trust slowly – but make sure that any initiatives you take do not jeopardize the orderliness which the authoritarian holds so dear.

Defensive people do not accept responsibility for their actions, and therefore never learn from their experience. Nothing is ever their fault; there is always a seemingly plausible explanation.

The best way to tackle a defensive person is to choose a time when he or she has made a mistake and invite him or her to join you in analyzing why it happened and what should be done to avoid it happening again. A softly-softly approach is essential to stop the defensive barriers being raised.

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