Indirect Questions

• Word order in an indirect question is tha same as in a statement.

• An indirect general question is introduced by the conjunction if or whether.

• An indirect special question is introduced by the same adverb or pronoun that introduces a direct question

• They are generally introduced by the verb to ask, in more official style the verb to inquire is used with the preposition of.

e.g. She said to him, “Where does Mrs. Brown live?” – She inquired of him where Mrs.Brown lived.

Indirect orders and requests

• An order or a request in indirect speech is expressed by an infinitive

e.g. She told him (not) to open the window.

• Emotional requests are introduced by the verbs to implore - благати, просити,молити, to entreat, to beseech ( besought)-благати

The verb to urge – наполягати, умовляти

e.g. The mother said to her son, “Do take care of yourself!” – The mother urged her son to take care of himself.

Indirect offers, suggestions, advice

He said to her, “Shall I fetch you a glass of water?” – He offered to fetch her a glass of water.

Ex.3. Turn the following into Reported speech:

"Turn off the TV, Tom," his mother said.

"Please, please help me," the woman said to Peter.

"Don't talk to strangers," her father said to her.

"Take off your shoes," Mother said to us.

"Pick up your books," Sandra said to her son.

The following modals change as follows Reported speech:

may	might (possibility)/could (permission)
must	had to (obligation)
must	must (deduction/possibility)
needn't	didn't need to/didn't have (present reference); would have to (future reference)
can	could (present reference); would be able to (future reference)
mustn't	mustn't
should	should

Ex. 4. Turn the following sentences into Reported speech without using any special introductory verbs:

1. "You mustn't miss the staff meeting," the dire said.

2. "You should brush your teeth after every me; Kevin," the dentist said.

3. "The letter may arrive tomorrow morning, Uncle Martin said.

4. "You needn't water the plants now, Jane," said Susan.

5. "They must have known about the meeting," Robert said.

Ex.5. Report the following sentences using the introductory verbs below:

threaten, suggest, deny, offer, refuse, agree, advise, apologise

1 "No, I won't come to France with you, Jenny!" said Roy.

2. "You ought to see a doctor about your eyes," Sid said to his mother.

3. "If you miss training again, I'll drop you from the team!" said the coach to Bob.

4. "Sorry for not phoning to confirm your flight, Mr Jones," said the secretary.

5. "Shall we take a long walk along the riverside?" said Mary.

6. "It wasn't me who spilt coffee on the tablecloth," said Greg.

7. "I'll carry the bag for you," said Beth.

8. "Yes, that painting is lovely," said Erica.

Ex.6. Change the following dialogues into Reported speech using suitable introductory verbs and the expressions below:

and, adding that, because, explaining that, he/she went on to say that

a "I'll be going to the post office, Mary," James said. "Do you need anything?"

"Yes, could you please post a letter for me? I've been meaning to do so myself but I never seem to have the time," Mary replied.

b "Are you OK, Grandma?" Denise asked.

"Oh dear, I feel very dizzy. I forgot to take my medication this morn­ing, darling. What am I going to do?" Grandma said.

"It's alright, don't worry. Just lie on the bed and rest for a while, I'll go and get it for you at once," Denise said.

Ex. 7. Transform the narrative sentences in direct speech into indirect:

MODEL: He said: "I have never been here before". He said he had never been there before.

1. Roger remarked, "The waiter is in no hurry to serve us". 2. Mary said, "My mother plays the piano very well". Mum said, " I have already calculated all the expense". Bob said, "You should read the instruction first". 5. Liz said, "I don't like to sweep the floor". 6. Alan said, "I'm going to take a shower". 7. My colleague said, "The boss wants to see you immediately". 8. The actress said, "I won't speak to the reporters". 9. She said, "I can't ride a horse". 10. Bess said, "I haven't sent the fax yet". 11. Granny said, "You must take several sandwiches with you". 12. Mr. Jones said, "My son never begs for money". 13. The teacher said, "You needn't do this exercise in writing". 14. Jerry said, "I'm finishing my composition now". 15. Joan said, "I looked through some fashion magazines yesterday". 16. The traveler said, "You should visit South America". 17. Our relatives said, "We enjoyed the play immensely" 18. Mary said, "I used to take dancing lessons at the club". 19. He said, "I have always been fond of fishing". 20. My aunt said, "Polly was quite ill yesterday". 21.1 told the nurse, "The doctor examined me a few minutes ago". 22. Pete said, "I seldom dine out". 23. John said, "I will be very busy tomorrow". 24. Sheila said, "I took the children to the Zoo yesterday". 25. The speaker said, "The economic situation is gradually improving".

Ех. 8. Transform the interrogative sentences in direct speech into indirect:

MODEL: He asked, "What are you going to do in summer?" He asked what I was going to do in summer.

I. The chairman asked, "How long do you intend to speak?" 2. The girl asked, "Where did you buy this wonderful doll?" 3. The friend asked, "How did you manage to make so much money in such a short time?" 4. He asked, "Why are you so anxious about his departure?" 5. My brother asked, "What else can you see through the window?" 6. Margaret asked, "Who knows what it means?" 7. The student asked the scientist, "How long have you been watching these birds?" 8. The policeman asked, "When did your driving licence expire?" 9. Mary asked Nancy, "Why are you wearing this funny dress today?" 10. The hostess asked, "Why won't you taste this meat pie?" 11. Jerry asked, "How much did Harry pay for his new car?" 12. Ann asked, "Where can I get any information on this subject?" 13. The customer asked, "Why is this computer twice as expensive as that one?" 14. Mrs. Fox asked, "How did you like his latest novel?" 15. One of the guests asked, "Where were these photos taken?" 16. She asked, "Why did he change so much? Has he been working too much lately?" 17. Mother asked her daughter, "Where did you learn it all from?" 18. Father asked angrily, "How could you fail your finals?" 19. Susan scolded her little sister, "Why didn't you take the dog out?" 20. He asked, "When are you going to see your family in the country?" 21. Lucy asked, "Where is he again? Has he gone on business again?" 22. My roommate asked, "Why have you been sitting over your textbook for so long?" 23. She asked, "Where were you yesterday? I kept calling you the whole day, but nobody answered". 24. He asked, "Why is Sam still working day and night? Hasn't he passed his exams yet?" 25. My aunt asked, "How did you spend your last weekend?"

Ex. 9. Translate the following:

1. Ненсі помітила, що Тед ніколи не розуміє жартів. 2. Бетті сказала, що вона приглядає за всім, що діється у домі. 3. Хлопчик вигукнув, що автобус наближаєть­ся. 4. Професор сказав студенту, що той повинен працювати ще більше. 5. Тато сказав, що він не розуміє, до чого я хилю. 6. Дідусь сказав, що в нього закінчилися ліки. 7. Вона сказала, що не вміє готувати суп. 8. Він незадоволено пробуркотів, що чекає мене вже півгодини. 9. Хелен сказала, що почне переклад тільки завтра. 10. Донька сказала мамі, що на сніданок вона їла варене яйце. 11. Сем сказав, що буде чекати мене завтра з 3-ої до 4-ої години. 12. Мама сказала, що завтра я зможу поспати довше. 13. Студент сказав викладачеві, що він закінчить курсову роботу до понеділка. 14. Сусід сказав, що він бачив, що ми закінчуємо будівництво. 15. Ларрі сказав, що купив це авто минулого року. 16. Він сказав, що, на щастя, зараз йому не потрібно прокидатися рано. 17. Вона з гордістю сказала, що її син закінчив школу з відзнакою. 18. Я зізнався, що ніколи не був у музеї. 19. Мій дядько сказав, що завж­ди віддавав перевагу сигарам, а не сигаретам. 20. Лінда сказала, що вони товари­шують з дитинства. 21. Енн сказала, що вона завжди мріяла про таку сукню. 22. Вона прошепотіла мені на вухо, що мені потрібно зачесатися.