Vocabulary:

сurrent - ток

charge - заряд

to repel - отталкивать

leaf - листовой

to detect – обнаруживать, открывать

to distinguish – различать, отличать

ultimate - окончательный

electron - электрон

proton - протон

magnet - магнит

certain – определенный, некоторый

property – свойство, собственность

to exhibit - проявлять

to affect - воздействовать

toward – по направлению к

pole - полюс

to act - воздействовать

conductor - проводник

non-conductor - непроводник

application – применение, заявление

utilization - использование

meter – счетчик, метр

ammeter - амперметр

voltmeter - вольтметр

galvanometer – гальванометр

insulators- изолятор

An electric current is a flow of electricity. There are two kinds of electricity, positive and negative. Glass rubbed with silk is positively charged, ebonite rubbed with fur is negatively charged.

Like charges repel, unlike charges attract. The leaf electroscope is used to detect, distinguish and measure charges.

The ultimate particle of negative electricity is called the electron; that of positive electricity is called proton.

It has been known for centuries that certain black, heavy stones have the property of attracting iron, this property being called magnetism. A body that exhibits magnetism is called a magnet. The two parts of a magnet that show the strongest magnetism are called the North Pole and the South Pole.

Magnets not only affect ordinary iron, but they affect one another. When a pole of one magnet is brought toward a pole of the second magnet, they will repel if both are north poles or both are south poles, but they will attract if one is a north pole and the other is a south pole.

The region in which magnetic forces act is called a magnetic field.

When placed in a strong magnetic field, iron becomes magnetized.

Electricity and magnetism are closely connected. Almost all metals are good conductors of electricity, with cooper being one of the best conductors of all. Glass, paper, rubber are the most common non-conductors or insulators.

Many particle applications have resulted from the utilization of the magnetic effect of an electric current.

These effects are used in motors, in most electric meters (ammeters, voltmeters and galvanometers), in electromagnets and in practically all electromechanical apparatus.

2. Выразите одним словом следующие понятия:

1. The flow of electricity along a wire.

2. The path of an electric current.

3. A reddish metal which conducts electricity and heat well.

4. Electric flow in one direction.

5. Electric flow first in one direction and then in the other direction.

6. An instrument for measuring electric current.

3. Переведите с английского языка на русский язык.

1. Two magnets put into a coil produce a greater effect than one.

2. The magnetic poles will repel if both are North poles or both are South poles.

3. Both glass and rubber are insulators.

4. There are instruments measuring current and voltage, and devices for measuring energy.

5. Due to magnetic effects, dynamos are able to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy with a loss of only a few percent.

6. Iron becomes magnetized when it is placed in a strong magnetic field.

7. When the magnetic field is removed, magnetization disappears.

8. Whenever a current is flowing in a circuit, it is due to the existence of an electromotive force in the circuit.

4. Переведите с русского языка на английский язык:

1. Медь широко применяется в промышленности, так как она является хорошим проводником электричества.

2. Ток нагревает проводник, протекая по нему.

3. Электрический ток – это поток электронов по проводнику.

4. Когда ток протекает в катушке провода, катушка проявляет многие свойства магнита.

5. Электротехники должны все знать о магнитах и их свойствах.

6. Постоянный ток, переменный ток, напряжение, сопротивление – это основные термины для каждого электротехника.

5. Выберите правильный вариант:

1. Magnetism has the property of attracting …

a) glass, paper b) metals, iron

2. A magnet shows the strongest magnetism at …

a) the North pole b) the South pole c) the equator

3. A magnet …

a) repels another magnet b) attract another magnet

4. A magnetic field is the region in which …

a) electric forces act b) magnetic forces act

5. Glass, paper, rubber are …

a) conductors b) insulators

6. Cooper is …

1. the worst conductor b) the best conductor

6. Замените русские слова в скобках на английские:

1. Magnetism is the (свойство) of attracting iron.

2. Every magnet has two (полюса): the (северный) pole and the (южный) pole.

3. Magnets (влияют) one another.

4. The North pole of one magnet (отталкивает) the North pole of another magnet. It is the same with the South Pole.

5. The North pole of one magnet (притягивает) the South pole of another magnet.

6. Almost all metals are good (проводники) of electricity.