Immovable, deforestation, miscalculate – the new words

The aim:

A systematic description of the Modern English Vocabulary

Objectives:	to master the methods and the procedures of Lexicological analysis to apply knowledge on Lexicology to different activities of Foreign Language Teaching: Translation, Editing, Dictionary making to enrich your English in studying the language
Minor Objectives: Science is a term system. Writing Space Technique (Terms in the Margin!)	to learn to take notes of the lectures to learn to read special literature on Lexicology, Linguistics

L Sounds W	P HONETICS
E O	Phonemes PHONOLOGY
X R	Morphemes MORPHOLOGY
I Words, phrases, sentences D C   Semantic Structure	GRAMMAR
Stylistic word value L   Morphological Structure	STYLISTICS
Language system: O Word G Formation	THE HISTORY OF THE LANGUAGE
Word stock Y             Semantic         Relations	LEXICOGRAPHY Pragmalinguistics - speech and listeners’ relations Sociolinguistics – lg. and social life relations

Types of Lexical Units:

Words, morphemes and set expressions.

Word is the basic unit of the vocabulary (semantic, orthographic, morphological integrity).

Orthographic words are written as a sequence of letters bounded by spaces on a page.

Morpheme is a part of a word, a meaningful unit which cannot be used independently.

Set expression is a word group or a ready-made unit with a specialized meaning of the whole different from the meaning of the elements:

bring- bring up, call- call on, put- put off;

Fuzzy sets (with blurred boundaries):

Phrasal verbs: give up, make up, and look after;

Formulaic expressions (semantic unity and indivisibility): All right, never mind, nothing doing;

Phraseological units :

Give a smile, make a promise,

Take a walk (to smile, to promise, to walk);

Inconsistencies( in word equivalents):

All right but altogether;

Lieutenant-colonel but flight lieutenant

Never mind but nevertheless.

All right, never mind, How do you do

(Word equivalents)

Functions:

• nominative,

• significative,

• communicative and

• pragmatic.

Lexical units (fuzzy sets) possess all the distinctive features of words:

1)semantic integrity

2)orthographic integrity

3)morphological integrity

Lexical (lexico-semantic system) is a set of elements, associated and functioning together according to certain laws.

It is a coherent homogeneous whole constituted by interdependent elements of the same order related in certain specific ways.

Lexical (lexico-semantic system) is an adaptive system adjusting itself to the changing requirements and conditions of human communication and cultural surroundings. It is in a state of constant change.

Semantic correlations (not rigid and fixed):

Short-shortness;

Narrow – narrowness;

Shallow- shallowness.

But: long – length;

Wide- width;

Deep- depth;

Big- size.

Functional approach:

The syntagmatic (linear) combinatorial relations: Lexical units are context -dependent.

Ex.: the hat on her head(part of the body) :: the head(chief, director) of the government (contextual meaning)