- •4 Семестр
- •Утверждено и рекомендовано решением
- •В качестве учебного пособия
- •Введение
- •Chapter VII crimes and torts Unit 21 Crimes
- •Text a What is Crime?
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Text c Kinds of Cases
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Text d Classification of Crimes
- •Vocabulary
- •Text e Crime in Modern Society
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 23 Torts Text a Classification of Torts
- •Text b Comparison of Crimes and Torts
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Unit 24 Punishment
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •1) Связанный с применением наказания
- •2) Карательный, штрафной
- •Chapter VIII legal profession Unit 26
- •Professional Titles
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Unit 27 People in Law Cases in Great Britain
- •Text a Legal Profession in England and Wales
- •Text b Judges in Great Britain
- •Unit 28 Lawyers in the usa
- •Text a The Job of the Lawyers
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Text b What Lawyers Do
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Unit 29 Lawyers in Russia
- •Text a Legal Professionals
- •Vocabulary
- •Text b Judges in the Russian Federation
- •Vocabulary
- •Chapter IX legal education Unit 30 Legal Education in the uk
- •Text a Studying Law at Cambridge University (England)
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Unit 31 Legal Education in the usa
- •Text a Lawyer’s Training.
- •Vocabulary
- •Chapter X the law in practice Unit 33 Law Firms
- •Part 2: Text a Law Firms
- •Text b Law Firm in Practice
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Vocabulary
- •Литература
- •Contents
- •Legal English-2
Vocabulary tasks
A Match the following English words and phrases with their Russian equivalents.
1 |
wrongful conversion |
a |
обман |
2 |
false imprisonment |
b |
вторжение в частную жизнь |
3 |
negligence |
c |
преследовать в судебном порядке |
4 |
punitive damages |
d |
незаконное лишение свободы |
5 |
invasion of privacy |
e |
присвоение имущества |
6 |
fraud |
f |
начинать процесс о возмещении убытков |
7 |
be prosecuted by the state |
g |
небрежность |
8 |
pay restitution |
h |
штрафные убытки |
9 |
enter damages |
i |
выплатить возмещение |
D Match the two parts ( 1 – 7 and a – g ) to form collocations.
1 intentional a duty
2 to cause b with
3 to act c liability
4 torts against d negligently
5 to interfere e tort
6 legal f harm
7 product g property
Unit 24 Punishment
Before you read
Discuss these questions.
In your opinion, what does ‘punishment’ mean?
What kinds of punishment do you know?
Do you agree that punishment should fit the crime?
Text A
Punishment describes the imposition by some authority of a deprivation – usually painful – on a person who has violated a law, a rule, or other norm. When the violation is of the criminal law of society there is a formal process of accusation and proof followed by imposition of sentence by a designated official, usually a judge. Informally, and organized group – most typically the family, may punish perceived wrongdoers.
Because punishment is both painful and guilt producing, its application calls for a justification. In Western culture, four basic justifications have been given: retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, and incapacitation.
Any criminal punishment is always a restriction of the rights of convicted persons. This restriction is a sort of retribution for the crime a person committed. If a person is convicted, the court decides on the most appropriate sentence. The facts of the offence, the circumstances of the offender, his/her previous convictions are taken into account. The more serious an offence is, the stricter a penalty should be.
Criminal sentences ordinarily embrace four basic modes of punishment. In descending order of severity these are: incarceration, community supervision, fine, and restitution. The death penalty is now possible only for certain types of atrocious murders and treason. There are quite a lot of countries where death penalty is prohibited.
.
Vocabulary
accusation and proof v обвинение и доказательство
atrocious murder n зверское / жестокое убийство
community supervision n надзор государства; общественный надзор
convicted person n осужденный
deprivation n лишение
designated official n назначенное лицо
deterrence n 1 удерживание от совершения действий устрашением; 2
средство удерживания (устрашением) от совершения действий; crime
deterrence n удерживание устрашением от совершения преступления
fine n штраф; v налагать штраф
guilt producing представляющий вину
imposition n установление; назначение; imposition of sentence n
вынесение приговора; назначение наказания
imprisonment n 1 тюремное заключение; 2 лишение свободы
incapacitation n ограничение права и / или дееспособности
incarceration n лишение свободы; заключение в тюрьму
inflict v 1 наносить (вред) 2 назначать (наказание); inflict pain
причинять боль; inflict capital punishment / death penalty
назначить смертную казнь
invoke v применять (норму, статью, прецедент)
justification n 1 оправдание; 2 подтверждение; основание
lenient sentence n syn mild sentence n мягкий приговор; мягкое
наказание
modes of punishment способы / формы / методы наказания
penal adj карательный; уголовный; penal historians историки по
уголовным делам
penalty n 1 наказание; 2 штраф; взыскание; death penalty смертная
казнь; syn capital punishment
perceived adj убежденный, сознательный
punishment n наказание; capital punishment смертная казнь syn death
penalty; corporal punishment телесное наказание
purposefully adv умышленно, преднамеренно
rehabilitation n реабилитация
restitution n восстановление первоначального положения; реституция
retribution n кара
sentiment n отношение; мнение; чувство
take into account принять во внимание
wrongdoer n правонарушитель, преступник
Reading tasks
Answer these questions.
What is the purpose of punishment?
What are four basic justifications in Western culture?
What is criminal punishment?
What crimes should be punished by imprisonment?
What qualities can a person get rid of in prison (if any)?