1. Long-term (perspective) intrafirm planning.

One of the most wide-spread kinds of forward planning is business - the plan. It represents the forecast of enterprise activity, working out of strategy and a practicable plan of financially-commercial actions for prospect. It describes the basic aspects of the future commercial action, reveals and the businessman analyzes problems with which can face at realization of the purposes in the conditions of market economy and advances methods and concrete ways of the decision of these problems. Advantages of the business plan is that he allows to analyze carefully own ideas, to check up their realness, to evaluate expenses, to advance profitableness, profitability and sources of finance of planned commercial action.

The business plan can have various forms of submission. High lights which should be reflected in it, are the following:

the description of advantages of the project; the goods description for the sake of which the project muses; an estimation of a seller's market of the goods; market conditions estimation; an estimation the information on competitors; the description of basic elements of the plan of marketing; the description of the plan of production; the description of the organizational scheme of realization of action and scheduling of staff; study of legal aspects of realization of action; an estimation, forecasting and any management of risks; working out of the financial plan of commercial action and development of strategy of its financing.

A wreath of business-plan - is working out of the financial plan of commercial action and working out of strategy of financing. These sections urged to generalize all previous materials and to present them in cost expression. As a rule it is reduced to preparation of following documents: The forecast of volumes of realization; balance of a monetary outlay and receipts; predicted balance of assets and liabilities of the enterprise; the predicted report on profit; the aggregate table of incomes and expenses; the schedule of achievement of break-even; the table of conditions of break-even and other auxiliary tables. On the basis of the financial plan the decisions connected with questions of strategy of financing are advanced: it is advanced how many it is necessary means for creation or enterprise development; whence it is planned to receive money and in what form; when it is possible to expect complete return of the advanced means and reception by investors of the income and others.

2. Short-term (current) intrafirm financing.

The wide-spread form of short-term (current) intrafirm planning is the annual financial scheme of the enterprise which executes a role of the instrument of planning and an instrument of control of activity of firm.

The annual financial scheme represents the company budget for a year.

In practice of financial management discriminate some kinds of budgets: the general, operative, financial, money resources.

The general budget characterises forecasts of the company concerning volume of marketed products and other financial transactions for the forthcoming period.

The general budget is usually subdivided into two: operational and financial.

The operational budget includes following kinds of budgets: the realisation budget; the production budget; the budget of a factor cost on materials; the budget of a factor cost on work; the budget of industrial burden costs; the budget of the general and management charges; the look-ahead report on profit.

The financial budget consists of a cash budget and look-ahead balance.

The basic components of the general budget are the look-ahead balance, the look-ahead report on profit and a cash budget.

The cash budget allows the financial manager to evaluate the future inflows and cash outflows for the certain period, to support demand balances on an optimum level and to avoid surplus or deficiency of money resources. The cash budget, as a rule, consists of four sections: section of receipts, section of costs, section of surplus and defect of money resources, financial section.

The basic stages of drawing up of the budget are the following:

1) drawing up of the forecast of realisation;

2) definition of settlement level of a production volume;

3) account of the industrial cost price and operational costs;

4) account of a stream of money resources and other financial indexations;

5) drawing up of look-ahead forms of the reporting.