- •Introduction ... ........ ......... .......N. V
- •Introduction
- •1. What counts as a word? Define the status of the given lexical items and comment on the types of naming. Consult the re -commended dictionaries:
- •Give spelling variants of the same words (morphological variants, regional variants).
- •Read the excerpt and answer the questions.
- •Etymological characteristics of the english lexicon
- •1. Trace the etymology and comment on the etymological
- •2. State the languages from which the following words are borrowed:
- •3. Make sure you know the following abbreviations used in the Concise Oxford Dictionary (cod):
- •4. Match the etymological doublets:
- •5. Give adjectives of Latin origin to the following nouns:
- •1. Group the following words into motivated/non-motivated and define the type of motivation:
- •Define polysemy as a linguistic phenomenon.
- •Give working definitions of the key terms with examples.
- •Comment on the semantic processes that were at work in the following words:
- •6. Comment on the types of meaning (metaphoric/ me-tonymic) in the following items:
- •Of english words
- •3. Compare the inner form of the correlative units and focus on the degree of their semantic equivalence:
- •4. Explain the meanings of the following word-combinations:
- •Stylistic and social stratification of the english lexicon
- •1. Read the excerpt and dwell on the influence the two varieties (British and American) have had on each other. American and british english
- •2. Give the American spelling of the following words and de- scribe the main patterns of spelling differences between the two variants (use dictionaries):
- •International Encyclopedia of Linguistics / Ed. By w. Bright. New York; Oxford, 1992. Vol. 1-4.
- •Ways of enriching and expanding the english lexicon
- •1. Classify the words given below according to the word- formation types:
- •1. Pay attention to some widely used abbreviations:
- •Compare the dictionary entries in synchronic and diachronic dictionaries (sod, cod, oald).
- •Characterize the dictionaries you work with according to the model:
- •Manuals of lexicology
- •Encyclopedias of language
- •Тамара Николаевна Суша лексикология английского языка Практикум Учебно-методическое пособие
International Encyclopedia of Linguistics / Ed. By w. Bright. New York; Oxford, 1992. Vol. 1-4.
Janicki K. Elements of British and American English. Warszawa, 1989.
McArthur T. The Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford, 1992.
Modiano M. International English in the Global Village // English
Today 58. No. 2. 1999. Vol. 15. Orlov G.A. A Glimpse of Australian Panorama. ИЯШ. 1987.
No.l.
StrevensP. British and American English. London, 1978. Recommended Dictionaries
Краткий англо-русский словарь американизмов и сленга /
Сост. А.В. Бушуев и др. Смоленск, 1997. The American Heritage Dictionary. Boston, 1991. Longman Dictionary of American English. Harlow, 1997. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. Harlow, 1995. The Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English.
AS. Hornby / Ed. J. Crowther. Oxford, 1995. Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English
Language. Springfield, 1961. Vol. 1, 2. Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary. Springfield, 1969.
Ways of enriching and expanding the english lexicon
Topics Tor Discussion
1. Word-formation:
derivation;
conversion;
compounding;
abbreviation;
other ways of word creation.
Borrowing.
Semantic derivation.
Lexicalization of word groups: set expressions.
Semantic peculiarities of new vocabulary units.
Key Terms
abbreviation
acronymy
adjectivization
affixation
back-formation
blend
buzz word
classical compound
clipping
coinage
combining form
compounding
conversion
derivation initialism inner borrowing letter abbreviation neologism nonce word phrasal verb root-creation semantic derivation shortening substantivization telescoping
Tasks and Exercises
1. Classify the words given below according to the word- formation types:
ableism, ageism, AIDS, airhead, alphabetism, arrestee, arto-crat, box (v), baby-boomer, haby-sit(v), chapess, clergyperson, cowboy (v), eco-friendly, E-cash, E-money, E-text, euro, fatty-ism, gloomster, hood, hoolivan, longbeard, magalog, maxi-series, meathead, mechatronics, nilky, NIC, preschooler, snow-boarding, teen (n), teletext, video-conferencing, VIP, yuppie, wannabe, winie, workaholicism. (From: J.Ayto. The Longman Register of New Words. Harlow, 1989-1990. Vol. 1, 2; The Oxford Dictionary of New Words. Oxford, 1997).
Word-formation types:
affixation; conversion; compounding; clipping; blending; acronymy; back-formation.
2. Name the languages (language varieties of English) from which the following words are borrowed:
glasnost, karaoke, karoshi, khozraschot, perestroika, pryzhok, visagiste, zip code, youth cottage.
3. From the dictionaries of new words pick out new lexical items which pertain to different ways of expanding the English vocabulary:
borrowing;
semantic derivation;
set expressions.
4. Underline the combining forms in the following words:
artocrat, cyberculture, hydrophonic, maxi-series, metames-sage, microsponge, microrobot, nanocomputer, neurocom-puter, sociobabble.
5. Make up a list of productive prefixes and suffixes with examples.
Questions
What are the major areas in which new words appear rapidly?
What are the main ways of enriching the English lexicon?
What word formation types are active and productive in modern English?
Which word classes are more extensively replenished?
What words are called classical compounds?
What is understood by semantic derivation?
Recommended Reading
Гинзбург PS, Хидекель C.C., Князева Г.Ю. и др. Лексикология английского языка: Учебник для ин-тов и фак. иностр. яз. На англ. яз. М., 1979. Заботкина В.К Новая лексика современного английского языка: Учеб. пособие для ин-тов и фак. иностр. яз. М., 1989.
Introduction to the Longman Register of New Words. Harlow,
1989-1990. Vol. 1,2. Preface to the Oxford Dictionary of New Words. Oxford, 1997.
Recommended Dictionaries
ГринД. Словарь новых слов. М., 1996.
Трофимова З.С. Словарь новых слов и значений в английском языке. М, 1993.
Ayto J. The Longman Register of New Words. Harlow, 1989 -1990. Vol. 1,2.
The Oxford Dictionary of New Words. Oxford, 1997.
BRITISH AND AMERICAN LEXICOGRAPHY
Topics for Discussion
Lexicography as a branch of linguistics.
Lexicography and lexicology.
Historical development of British and American lexicography. Innovations.
Types of English dictionaries. The problem of dictionary typology.
Some of the main problems of lexicography.
Key Terms
abridged edition bilingual dictionary bold-face type concise dictionary concordance defining vocabulary dictionary dictionary typology encyclopedia entry
explanatory dictionary
general-purpose dictionary
gloss
glossary
headword
ideographic dictionary IPA (International phonetic alphabet)
italics
lemma
lexeme
learner's dictionary
lexicography
lexicon
monolingual dictionary
multilingual dictionary
pronouncing dictionary
reverse dictionary
specialized (specialist) dictionary
thesaurus
tilde
translation dictionary unabridged vocabulary item word-frequency dictionary
Tasks and Exercises