Mstislave Keldysh

М. Keldysh, a prominent Soviet scientist, was born on February 10, 1911, in Riga, into a family of a professor of Polytechnic Institute. The talent of Keldysh found expression in his fundamental works of researching into the problems of mathematics, mechanics and physics. His name is linked with a number of scientific problems of the outer space exploration.

Academician Keldysh made a valuable contribution to the development of computation mathematics, computing machines and the solution of some problems of automated control.

He received Doctor of Science Degree in 1938. Five years later he was elected Cor­responding Member of the Academy of Sciences. He became President of the Academy in 1961.

M. Keldysh was awarded several orders and other decorations.

V. Прочитайте текст. Назовите области исследования и имена ученых, которые внесли свой вклад в развитие науки в России. Переведите текст.

Russian scientists

Russia gave the world many outstanding scientists. Russian scientists made a great contribution to the world science.

V.V. Petrov (176l-1834), the follower of Lomonosov in studying electricity, is called a pioneer of the world electrical engineering. He was experimenting with electricity and made many discoveries of great importance. He published a great number of articles on electricity. The electric arc discovered by Petrov became the first source of electric lighting. Petrov discovered the possibility of getting metals out of ores by means of electricity.

Academician E.Kh. Lenz (1804-1875) is one of the most prominent Russian physicists. He discovered the law of heat generation by an electric current and the law defining the direction of an induced electric current.

P.M. Yablochkov (1847-1894) is a prominent inventor and designer. He did much for using alternating current. He is famous for inventing the “Yablochkov candle” (arc lamp) known abroad under the name of the “Russian Light”.

A.S. Popov (1859-1906) is known for his invention of a radio. After demonstrating his device Popov was offered a lot of money for the commercial use of the radio abroad. But he was a true Russian patriot, he refused to leave Russia. He said that all his knowledge and his achievements belonged to his native land.

Dolivo-Dobrovolsky (1862-1919) is a Russian engineer. He is the inventor of a three-phase generator and a three-phase transformer. He proposed a number of original designs of measuring instruments.

We know many other names of great Russian scientists and we are proud of them.

Lobachevsky’s non-Euclidean geometry brought about a revolution in science. Mendeleev discovered the periodic law of elements. The world’s first photoelectric cell was built by Stoletov. Lebedev succeeded in measuring the pressure of light experimentally. Zhukovsky and Chaplygin worked out the theory of flight and the principles of aerodynamics. Vernadsky laid the foundations of geochemistry – the science of chemical elements.

The first atomic power station and Yuri Gagarin’s flight into space, lasers, semiconductors and many other achievements of modern science and technology have been created and discovered by such prominent Russian scientists as Tsiolkovsky and Kurchatov, Keldysh and Korolyov, Basov and Prokhorov and many others.

VI. Подберите пары синонимов к следующим словам и словосочетаниям, переведите их.

Law, to propose, prominent, many, instrument, to be known for, principle, to offer, outstanding, a lot of, device, to be famous for.

VII. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты для следующих словосочетаний:

под названием, вносить большой вклад, осуществлять революцию, гордиться учеными, первый в мире, использовать изобретение за границей.

VIII. Определите, с какими предлогами употребляются следующие глаголы и глагольные словосочетания. Найдите в тексте предложения с этими глаголами и переведите их на русский язык.

to be famous to succeed to belong to be proud to bring to work

a. out b. to с for d. in e. of f. about

IX. Переведите словосочетания с герундием, используя данные предлоги:

in – при изучении электричества, при измерении давления, при определении направления,

of – возможность получения металлов, способы (методы) измерения, план проведения эксперимента.

for – для применения тока, для определения проблемы, для развития науки, after – после демонстрации прибора, после разработки теории, после создания генератора.

X. Найдите в тексте слова с окончанием -ing и распределите их в таблицу. Предложения, содержащие Ving, переведите.

Participle I	Gerund

XI. Восстановите вопросы по ответам.

1. Yes, they did. Russian scientists made a great contribution to world science.

2. «Yablochkov candle» is called abroad the «Russian Light».

3. . . . because Popov was a true Russian patriot.

4. The periodic law of elements was discovered by Mendeleyev.

5. Many achievements of modern science and technology have been made by prominent Russian scientists.

XII. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста.

1. What country gave the world many outstanding scientists?

2. Who is called a pioneer of the world electrical engineering?

3. What are the discoveries of academician Lenz connected with?

4. What is Yablochkov known for?

5. Popov was a true Russian patriot, wasn't he? Prove it.

6. What is Dolivo- Dobrovolsky famous for?

7. Whose name is non-Euclidean geometry connected with?

8. What field of science did Mendeleev and Vernadsky make great contribution to?

9. What scientists worked in the sphere of space flights?

10. A great number of achievements of modern science and technology have been created and discovered by prominent Russian scientists, haven't they? Name some of them.

XIII. a). Пользуясь информацией текста, заполните следующую таблицу.

Inventor	Invention	Field of science

б). Используя данные таблицы, расскажите о наиболее значительных открытиях и достижениях русской науки.

XIV. Прочитайте и переведите текст, выполните задания, следующие за ним.