- •Часть II
- •Д.Ю. Коновалов, ст. Преп. Каф. Безоп. Технол. Процессов и производств агту, кандидат с.-х. Наук
- •Ббк 81.2 англ – 92
- •Unit 1 Environmental Aspects of Timber
- •Answer the questions:
- •Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks.
- •Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about:
- •Heat Conductivity of Wood
- •Answer the questions:
- •What properties of wood do you know?
- •Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks. Heat Conductivity
- •IV. Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about.
- •Species of Trees and Their Application
- •Answer the questions:
- •Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •2. The timber used was insufficiently seasoned.
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks. Classification of Species
- •Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about:
- •Fireproofing
- •Answer the questions:
- •Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Insert the words from “a” into the sentences given below.
- •Indicate the word combinations that:
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks.
- •Inflammation of Wood
- •Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about:
- •Infinitive: Forms and Functions
- •Storage of Logs in Sawmill Yards
- •I. Answer the questions:
- •II. Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks.
- •Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •Speak about:
- •Infinitive Constructions: Complex Subject Complex Object
- •Timber Drying Methods
- •Answer the questions:
- •Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks. Why Dry Lumber?
- •Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about:
- •Infinitive. Revision
- •I. Answer the questions:
- •Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Insert the words from list “a” into the sentences given below.
- •Specialists suppose that one hectare of coniferous forests sucks annually 30 tons of dust.
- •Everybody knows that wood is a renewable raw material.
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks. The Requirements to Hardwood Lumber Drying
- •IV. Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about:
- •Revision
- •Wood-based panels – Plywood
- •I. Answer the questions:
- •II. Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Insert the words from list “a” into the sentences given below.
- •III. Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks. Laminated Veneer Lumber and Other Structural Sections
- •Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about:
- •Unit 9 Revision
- •Wood-based panels: Fibreboard, Particle board
- •I. Answer the questions.
- •II. Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Vocabulary
- •Insert the words from list “a” into the sentences given below.
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks. Wood-Based Panels. Oriented Strand Board
- •IV. Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about:
- •Unit 10 Revision
- •Sawmill Process
- •Answer the questions.
- •Vocabulary
- •Insert the words from list “a” into the sentences given below.
- •Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks. Sawing Machinery
- •Translate from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the Unit.
- •V. Speak about:
- •Contents
- •The List of Literature Used
- •Vocabulary
Read one more text on the problem and do the tasks.
А. Timber and wood products are generally safe in use and cause very little effect on the environment during utilization.
В. In recent years there has been growing interest in the health and safety aspects of indoor climate and building materials. Many building materials emit different volatile organic compounds (VOC) that cause health problems. The knowledge of the emissions from different materials is still very poor. Regarding wood-based products formaldehyde emissions from certain adhesives and finishing materials have created most concern. The problem was most acute in the case of ureaformaldehyde glued particle boards. Nowadays, very strict regulations have been set upon the formaldehyde emissions from products and the problem has been overcome by changes in the glue composition and in manufacturing processes.
С. Wood contains small amounts of different extractive compounds,e.g. terpene compounds that are volatile. The amounts emitted are very small and depend upon the age of the wood surface. No connection have been proven between these emissions and health problems but some of the terpene compounds are considered to produce allergic effects.
D. From the point of view of waste management, wood has an advantage over many materials in that it is easily degraded biologically in nature. However, reuse or recycling or utilization for energy production should, as a rule, be preferred to disposal by dumping.
E. Considerable environmental advantages can be gained by increased utilization of wood products for energy production after the period of use as a construction material. The effective thermal value of dry wood fuel is 5,3 – 5,5 kwh/kg. Combustion of wood produces, in general, similar emissions to combustion of other fuels. The main difference is that wood combustion does not produce notable sulphur emissions. The quality and the amount of emissions depend upon the burning conditions. High temperatures are required for complete combustion of organic compounds. Wood ash can be used for soil fertilization.
Task 1.
Which of the listed below statements are true or false (T or F). Specify your answer using the text.
Timber and wood products do not pollute the environment.
Many building materials emit harmful to health substances.
Wood gives off harmful to health of people substances.
Not wood itself but some adhesives used for wood-based products cause most concern.
Wood is not degradable biologically in nature.
It is desirable to recycle wood rather than to dispose by dumping.
Wood extractive compounds are small in amounts.
There is no difference in the combustion of wood products and other fuels.
Task 2.
Finish the sentences according to the text.
From the point of view of waste management wood _____.
A. is easily recycled and reused
B. doesn’t degrade
C. causes many problems
D. doesn’t produce waste
Extractive compounds emitted by wood _____.
A. are very harmful
B. are numerous
C. do not affect human health
D. are very pleasant
The use of wood as a fuel for energy production _____.
is of no importance
is a considerable environmental advantage
presents considerable difficulties
leads to environmental catastrophe
Task 3.
Which paragraph (A, B, C, D, E) expresses the following idea.
Not wood itself but the adhesives and finishing materials used for the manufacture of wood-based materials cause most concern.
Task 4.
Answer the question. Make the right choice.
What is the main idea of the text?
Wood and wood products are very dangerous to the environment.
Wood can’t be recycled and reused.
In fact, wood and wood products don’t do any harm to the environment and to people health during utilization.
Wood can’t be used for energy production because of notable sulphur emissions.