Alexander y.Grishko

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Born in Chita in 1952. After finishing school served in the Strategic Missile Troops. His army service completed, worked briefly as a militiaman. Between 1972 and 1976 took course at the Interior Ministry Higher School in Riasan. Worked as a teacher, full-time Komsomol Commettee secretary, head of the Criminology Department and director of studies at the School. At present holds the post of deputy director for research at the RIASAN institute of Law and Economics, Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation.

He wrote a Master’s thesis, “studies director A.S.Mikhlin, Honoured Scientist of Russia.

In 1994 successfully presented a doctoral dissertation, “The Legal and Criminological Issues of the Social Rehabilitation of Chronic Alcoholics and Drug Addicts”. In 1995 obtained the title of Professor at the Criminal Executive Law and Criminology Department.

He has published more than five research papers. He is a member of several international conferences and seminars. He has created a research school on legal and criminological issues of social rehabilitation for alcoholics and drug addicts.

Three of his adjuncts have written theses for a Master’s degree on the said topic. Two more are working at dissertations on combating drug addiction in the Caribbean and Southeast Asia ( Vietnam). Chairs the Council for Conferring Master’s Degrees on penal law, criminology and criminal executive law.

As an expert, several times took part in the work of International Penal Reform Organization, and in bill discussions at the State Duma ( drafts of the Penal and Penal Executive Codes).

Answering the question about his idea of international criminal law , Alexander Grishko said that for all the individual differences in various countries, here was always a common denominator that united them all. And this uniting thing is embodied in legal documents, conventions, treaties, resolutions and statutes. Unquestionably, the chief unifying factor is man, human rights and liberties. There are natural human rights whose observance must be ensured regardless of race, religion, sex, etc. Therefore the natural human values and their provision can and should be recorded in international law acts. An example of such acts is the Min Standard Rules of Custodial Treatment.

Whereas in the issue of international criminal law one of the main points is the creation of unified ( codified) source that could take the form of international criminal legislation fundamentals (something in the nature of the Fundamentals of Penal Legislation of the Soviet Union and Union Republics we once had).These Fundamentals would record the world standards, the main principles taking shape in the area of penal law relations, and would become the chief source of international criminal law.

The step to be taken after that , or simultaneously, in giving a proper legal shape to international criminal law might be an appropriate international judicial body. The world practice, apart from the Nuremberg International Tribunal, knows a number of more recent examples. E.g., on February 22, 1993, the UN Security Council passed a resolution to set up a tribunal on Yugoslavia, which was an important step towards creating a mechanism of commencing prosecution at the international level.

Topical Vocabulary

- full-time Komsomol Commettee secretary – освобожденный комсомольский секретарь

- natural human values - естественные человеческие ценности

- unified (codified) source – кодифицированный источник

- record the world standards - записать ( изложить_ мировые стандарты

- taking shape - принимая вид

- simultaneously - одновременно

-apart from - в отличие от

- recent examples – недавние примеры

- to pass a resolution принять резолюцию ( решение)

- to commence prosecution - начинать обвинение

Answer the questions on the text.

1. Where and when was A.Grishko born?

2. Where did he serve after finishing school?

3. What education did he achieve? Where did he study?

4. Where did he work as head of the Criminology Department? Director of studies?

5. What topic did he choose for a Master’s thesis?

6. What was the topic of his doctoral dissertation?

7. Why did he create a research school?

8. Why did he work in the State Duma? Could he help in working at bill discussions?

9. What does he consider is a common dominator uniting differences in criminal law of different countries?

10.Do you think that natural human rights must be observed regardless of race, religion, sex, etc.?

11.Do you think that the creation of unified criminal law is one of the main points in international criminal legislation fundamentals?

12.Do you know the example of such fundamentals in any country?

Билет 26.