3. Present and Future tenses in Reported speech.

When talking about some action in present or future tenses, using reported speech, there will no be any tense changes. If we say “He says, He has said, he will say ( Present Simple, Presnet Perfect, Future Simple), while changing into indirect speech the tenses stay the same.

Example:

Direct speech:  He says, “The weather is fine.”

Indirect speech: He says (that) the weather is fine.

Present Simple He says, “I go to school every day.”	Present Simple He says (that) he goes to school every day.
Present Perfect He has said, “I go to school every day.”	Present Perfect He has said (that) he goes to school every day.
Future Simple He will say, “I go to school every day.”	Future Simple He will say, “I go to school every day.”

NOTE: that is written in parenthesis because it can be omitted in the indirect speech.

He says (that) the weather is fine. – this variant is also correct.

4. Past tenses in Reported speech.

When the speaker talks about the action in the past (These are sentences which start with the verb in the past e.g. He said/asked/told, etc.) we change the verb in the subordinate clause according to the rule in the table below. In English it is called sequence of tenses, that does not exist in Ukrainian language and is needed to be remembered by heart.

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Present Indefinite He said, “I go to school.”	Past Indefinite He said (that) he went to school.
Present Continuous He said, “I am going to school.”	Past Continuous He said (that) he was going to school.
Past Indefinite He said, “I went to school.”	Past Perfect He said (that) he had gone to school.
Present Perfect He said, “I have gone to school.”	Past Perfect He said (that) he had gone to school.
Past Continuous He said, “I was going to school.”	Perfect Continuous He said (that) he had been going to school.
Present Perfect Continuous He said, “I have been going to school.”	Past Perfect Continuous He said (that) he had been going to school.

If the direct speech was in the present tense, the reported speech must be in the past tense:

She said, "I am an actress, and I also sing."

She said that she was an actress and that she also sang.

If the direct speech was in the past tense, the reported speech must be in the past perfect

(the "past before a past" form, had + past participle):

He said, "I was scared when I fell down the stairs."

He said that he had been scared when he had fallen down the stairs.