- •Солонович т.Ф., Виршиц н.И. The ok accountant успешный бухгалтер
- •Часть 2
- •Contents
- •От авторов
- •Unit 6 cost and managerial accounting
- •Overheads and Their Recovery
- •Cost allocation
- •Adjective/Adverb Choice
- •Project X
- •Unit 7 auditing getting started
- •Reading
- •Auditing
- •Internal Auditors
- •International standards
- •4. Listen again and answer the following questions.
- •1) From what is said and implied in the text, what method of control of auditing exists in Britain now?
- •Unit 8 tax accounting
- •Useful vocabulary
- •Methods of Depreciation
- •Conjunctions
- •Listening
- •Writing
- •M d Tippet
- •Md Tippet
- •Unit 9 accounting ethics
- •Codes of Ethics in Accounting
- •Accounting scandals
- •Supplementary Reading
- •Unit 7 Auditing
- •Audits and their transparency
- •Unit 8 Tax Accounting
- •Airbus's Leahy 'investigated for insider trading'
- •India it boss quits over scandal
- •Implication
- •Parmalat founder given 18-year jail term over fraud
- •Accountants seek to stay glamorous
- •Tapescripts unit 6
- •Answer Key
Unit 8 tax accounting
GETTING STARTED
1. Skim the passage below and say what tax accounting is and what aims tax accounting has. What does accountants’ tax work consist of?
Tax accounting consists of preparing tax returns for organizations or individuals and determining the taxes involved in proposed business transactions. Tax accountants suggest ways to save money on taxes. They must have a thorough knowledge of the tax laws that affect their clients or employers. Tax accountants also need to know the details of court rulings in a wide variety of tax cases. Tax accounting has two aims: complying with the tax laws and minimizing taxes to be paid. Because income tax rates range as high as 28 percent for individuals and 34 percent for corporations, reducing income tax is an important management consideration. Tax work by accountants consists of preparing tax returns and planning business transactions in order to minimize taxes. CPAs advise individuals on what types of investments to make and on how to structure their transactions.
Useful vocabulary
depreciation n syn. amortization |
амортизация, износ; снижение стоимости, обесценивание |
obsolescence n |
устаревание, моральный износ |
write off v write-off n |
cписывать списание |
clear up v |
очищать от пошлин, заплатить долг; производить расчет, распродавать товары по сниженным ценам |
convention n |
обычай, условность, правило |
compute v |
вычислять, расcчитывать, |
residual a
residual value |
остаточный
остаточная стоимость |
scrap value |
стоимость лома |
inherent a |
присущий |
income tax |
подоходный налог для физических лиц |
corporation tax |
налог на прибыль компаний |
value added tax (VAT) |
налог на добавленную стоимость (НДС) |
capital gains tax (CGT) |
налог на реализованные доходы от прироста стоимости активов |
excise duty |
акцизный сбор |
progressive tax |
прогрессивный налог |
tax evasion |
уклонение от уплаты налогов (cознательное сокрытие или занижение суммы доходов, облагаемых налогами, обман налоговых властей; влечет за собой уголовное наказание) |
tax avoidance |
избежание налогов (снижение суммы выплачиваемых налогов законными средствами) |
loophole n |
«лазейка», возможность уклониться от уплаты налогов |
tax shelter |
«налоговое убежище» (законное средство уменьшения налога) |
tax heaven syn. tax haven |
«налоговый рай», «налоговая гавань» (страна или территория, которая привлекаtт иностранных юридических и физических лиц низким уровнем налогов) |
money laundering |
«отмывание денег», сокрытие сомнительных источников дохода |
tax loss |
налоговый убыток, недобор налога |
tax deductable |
подлежащий вычету налога |
READING
1. Read the text and be ready to give answers to the following questions:
a) How many methods of depreciation are there?
b) What are the two accelerated methods of depreciating assets?
c) For which two groups is the choice of depreciation method particularly important?