Role of a banking system in stabilization of economy of Kazakhstan.

In objective and difficult conditions on a way of stabilization of economy for the republic possessing huge internal potential, for economy growth important carrying out complex economic actions for effective use first of all, internal reserves of the republic and on creation of favorable investment climate also is necessary. It is important stabilization of a financial system of the republics and in developments of a set of new financial instruments of improvement of a banking system. It should become more mobile and is urged to carry out an indicator role. Further concentration of efforts of the Government, National bank of the republic as the body, defining and carrying out a republic monetary policy, on means of reasonable regulation of a banking system, and strengthening by banks of work on strengthening of the internal management promoting to fixing of positive tendencies in economy, to development is export the focused branches and formation of an import of replacing productions. In due time poor quality of a loan portfolio, inexperience of the top administrative management of banks and absence of knowledge in questions of management of assets and passives became the main functions of a distress of a banking system of the republic not revealed.

Studying and synthesis of world experience in bank management studying of classical tools and development of instruments of the bank management accepted in the republic, are actual today undoubtedly, professional level of bankers grows in the republic, more and more experts seize new tools of the financial market, managers of banks everything study ways of transition from traditional to system approaches of management of bank activity more actively, new systems of indicators for monitoring of a financial condition of bank take root, classical instruments of management of assets and passives accustom, experience of establishment of limits for banks - partners with application of various restrictions is studied. Ways of a real assessment of profitability ways of an simulated of items of expenditure and the general ways of rationalization of the income and expenses take root.

Bank management covers a wide range of important questions and problems. Their consideration in a complex also allows to make the most acceptable decision at management of bank in the created economic conditions. Interaction coordination of all factors is the difficult question demanding deep studying and development.

Introduction of the trend analysis and forecasting of a portfolio of bank application of results for effective management of bank, and also introduction of methods of management by assets and passives really when it is somewhat possible to estimate current state of the market and development expected it. In banks of the republic separate ways of management are tried by assets: introduction of schedules of the current receipts and payments, drawing up of planned balance and budgetary planning. However there is a number of questions demanding in-depth studies, practical which introduction of results only in a combination of high professionalism and purposeful working capacity and demands not only temporary, but also intellectual expenses. Bank heads are focused on results of today, increase of the current profitability of assets, the current liquidity, development of bank technologies etc. . Questions of institutional development can interest only progressively conceiving heads, capable to understand, what fruits can bring further investments in «bank brains» for increase of competitiveness of bank in the conditions of the developing financial market.

Strengthening of bank management on the basis of increase of personnel potential is opened by wide prospects. It first of all development of new types of operations and perspective ways of regulation in the various directions:

* introduction of optimizing models allowing to improve operational strategy of bank;

* rationalization of the income and «direct-costing» expenses with elaboration of restrictions under expense articles;

* market segmentation by carrying out market researches and studying of ways of an assessment of influence of factors of environment on bank policy;

* monitoring of a financial condition of clients of bank on the basis of creation, maintenance and continuous studying of the file of clients; management of bank risks and developments of ways of hedging;

* development of progressive financial instruments: transactions the SWAP and operations on purchase and sale future and options.

Expansion of a range of bank services, introduction of new bank products is impossible without developments of modern technologies. The full development of bank technologies, expansion of a network of bank cards and expansion of modern systems of their service not only in a distribution network, but also from the car by equipment establishment HUNDRED, service by bank cards in passport offices at an exchange of passports, in offices of tax inspection - at payment of taxes and so forth, increases culture and speed of servicing. Development of Bank-Kliyent systems, service systems in the on-line mode is the following stage in improvement of technologies and qualities of servicing. Creation of conditions for introduction of high technologies demands certain expenses, but those expenses even can't be compared to efficiency which they provide.

In modern conditions when strengthening the competition activity of banks of the second level during too time the correct economic policy of the bodies supervising and regulating activity of financial credit institutions of the republic is at a loss, first of all from National bank promotes improvement of financial and credit system as a whole.

The monetary policy purpose today - creation of conditions for a republic exit from a crisis situation, search of ways of the solution of key problems of economy, including strengthening of stability of a banking system. In the conditions of formation of economy and instability of credit and financial system undoubtedly the thought-over flexible policy of settlement of bank activity carried out in a combination from moderate integration of a banking system, in the sizes comparable to a level of development of the Kazakhstan market has importance. Here creation of the large capitalized banks capable independently to invest large projects is meant or to invest republic economy together with other banks. Strengthening of a banking system always remained an important aspect in reforming of economy of the republic. Certainly, bankruptcy of banks conducts to loss of public trust to a banking system as a whole therefore timeliness and harmony of rehabilitation measures are important. In compliance with a high measure of responsibility for stability of a banking system and all financial system of the republic the Government, control authorities and regulations are urged to pursue in a complex adequate monetary and credit and investment policy, and also to create necessary conditions for development of the healthy financial market, its diverse forms and the tool in the republic. It is important to develop system of stimulation of the concentrated and long-term crediting. The main share of operating assets of banks of the republic is made by short-term investments as banks conduct passive investment policy. More than 50 percent of an investment portfolio of separate banks make short-term state securities. It is caused by chronic irrevocability of the credits in recent years, and also practical not liquidity of corporate securities and says about weak development of financial instruments in the republic that makes considerable negative impact on stabilization of economy and support of domestic producers. Obviously to need of stimulation of long-term investments by strengthening of standard legislative base and development of infrastructure of the market of financial instruments in the republic.

Thus, in interests of stabilization of a banking system in coordination with all economy of the republic and with a view of ensuring its stability, dynamism and flexibility, and also with a view of stimulation of investment injections in the program of rehabilitation of economy and mobilization of means in the republic through banks today it is necessary to develop flexible strategy of a monetary policy of the republic and development of the financial market.

In a combination to the above-mentioned in a combination to above-mentioned increase of level of bank management to application of classical approaches and development of methods specific to the republic and models will promote stabilization of a banking system and in a consequence of return interdependence to promote natural restoration of trust to banks and imbalance overcoming in structure of the monetary unit at the expense of increase in a share of long-term tools, term deposits and population deposits. The internal investment potential of a banking system of the republic that is important for overcoming of excessive dependence on the foreign capital increases in such conditions. Within the main directions of economic and financial policy defined by the Government and National bank of the republic, ensuring flexibility of separate instruments of standard regulation of activity of banks of the second level sees expedient. In existing conditions banks prefer short-term investments. Now there is a little inconsistent situation. At the general deficiency of investments into large projects in a banking system surplus of resources accrues and at the same time the problem of their effective placement becomes aggravated. Stimulation of long-term investments can be one of ways of its permission. This, for example, flexible restriction of the extent of the maximum risk on one borrower to banks of the second level regarding long-term investments in priority projects. Considering that long-term investments are more subject to risk of loss of momentary profit in the conditions of general instability, long-term investments in strategically important priority projects should be guaranteed by the Government on means of release of guarantees of release of guarantees or the state securities and, thus, long-term investments can be considered with zero risk in the standard of sufficiency of the capital for banks of the second level.

With a view of stimulation of development of the market of corporate securities they should be recognized as liquid by the approval of the list of the corporate issuers which turned securities could be used as liquid pledges and contributions to Authorized capitals of joint-stock companies under condition of modification of the relevant acts of the republic. Legislative and standard stimulation of release and the circulation of depositary certificates promotes attraction of free funds of the population. For this purpose depositary certificates should be accepted in regulating documents of National bank as liquid pledge with zero risk. Carrying out such actions in a combination to adequate monetary and credit, investment policy at further strengthening of standard and legal base of the republic will promote stabilization and growth of economy of the republic.

As it is represented to me, the new view on commercial banks is necessary. As a phenomenon of an era of transition from state and administrative economy to the market relations they should receive a sober assessment both from within, and from the outside. The commercial bank as a live organism with the regularities and features should correspond to understanding of its destination, its being and social and economic functions.

Development of the mechanism of self-regulation as basic element of management of commercial bank should be based on strategy and tactics, on elective priorities and reference points of further development of activity. External regulators - market and state are important. As the market in the country only is formed, influence of the related regulators while is insignificant. It is more focused on the future. In such conditions value of the state regulators is incommensurable. However meanwhile they allow commercial banks to take up the problems of macroeconomic, without expanding area of the obligations to shareholders and investors, and also before society. Thereby the package of measures of indirect state regulation, on the idea the repeating checked and effectively working mechanism of influence on system of commercial banks in the countries with the developed market economy, practically doesn't affect activity of the Kazakhstan commercial banks can be really notable only in case of application of an optimum set of economic standards for commercial banks in a combination to other regulators of economic development, and, first of all, with the reasonable and weighed tax and price policy. Besides state regulation of activity of commercial banks demands a serious organizational reinforcement in the form of system of bodies of the state and bank supervision adequate by changed tasks.

In my opinion to opinion, on the basis of the correct perception of a role of commercial banks in market economy each of them should find the optimum place in it, in inconsistent processes of interaction at the solution of target problems of accumulation, production, the address and consumption, using for increase of their commercial and social effect all available means.

For the majority of commercial banks the obvious tendency to a universalization, to transformation into «a financial supermarket» where clients of bank can use practically any monetary and financial service now is characteristic. In our concrete historical situation of the first stages of formation of market structures of a universalization of activity of commercial banks it is represented main, if not the unique possibility of a survival, development and further prospects of existence. At the same time, in process of development and strengthening of the market relations, deepening of processes of privatization, formation of real mechanisms of division of the authorities and powers for each bank on the agenda there will be a question of search of the specialized niche or the optimum region of activity. It is desirable to predict now already probability of emergence of such market and legislative preconditions which will make the most essential impact on possible changes in an orientation of their development.

Commercial banks it is the integral component of all banking system, it is urged to solve at macro level macroeconomic problems of the credit-and-monetary address, ensuring movement of high-grade money with specific bank methods to promote development of all economic complex. Possessing the considerable capital on the size, potentially can turn into large investors, i.e. directly influence development of a national economy as a whole, to interfere with restructurings and even to define prospect of many sectors of economy. Getting in quite big scales the status of the joint-stock and legal form of government a property and capital formations, commercial banks can turn into powerful financiers and substantially diversify the activity on the basis of creation of numerous holdings, subsidiaries and the enterprises, and also development of various forms of participation. At present, the banking system is an important link of domestic economy. Owing to considerable accumulation of money, banks can make considerable impact on a rate of national currency, and on inflow of money in treasury, by operations with the state securities. In the conditions of incessant crisis of non-payments the banking system is urged to keep volume of monetary weight in a framework providing functioning of economy.

[http://www.kazakhstan.orexca.com/kazakhstan_economics.shtml]