- •1. Analog computers are the most modern ones nowadays.
- •2 Digital computers are the most modern ones nowadays.
- •3. The evolution of digital computing is often divided into generations.
- •4 The evolution of digital computing is not divided into generations.
- •5. Calculators are useless devices.
- •6. Charles Babbage was truly a man ahead of his time.
- •7. A computer is any device that can perform calculations.
- •8. Chips are the heart of today’s computers.
- •10. Most personal computers can’t perform any operations.
- •1. The first generation electronic computers were quite successful.
- •2. Three machines have promoted the development of the first electronic computers.
- •3. Eniac and edvac are the same machine.
- •4.Software technology during the period of the first generation computers was very primitive.
- •4. There were no important innovations in computer architecture of the second generation.
- •5. The third generation brought huge gains in computational power.
- •6. The third generation didn’t bring huge gains in computational power.
- •7. New high level programming languages were created for the second and the third generation.
- •8. New high level programming languages were not created for the second and the third generation.
- •9. Automation can be described as a “revolutionary” development.
- •1. The fourth generation computers used very large scale integration in the construction of computing elements.
- •3. The fifth generation computers are characterized by acceptance of parallel processing.
- •5. Programming languages for the fourth generation computers tend to use a declarative programming style.
- •6. Programming languages for the fourth generation computers do not tend to use a declarative programming style.
- •7. The widespread use of computer networks and the increasing use of single-user workstations characterize 5th generation.
- •8. The same.
- •9. The computer industry is one of the most important branches.
- •10. The computer industry is not one of the most important branches.
5. Programming languages for the fourth generation computers tend to use a declarative programming style.
I fully agree. The languages developed during the forth generation such as FP and Prolog tend to use a declarative programming style. Pascal, C, Fortran and others used the imperative style (prosigen style). In the declarative style a programmer gave a mathematical specification of what should be calculated. He left all the details of how it should be computed to the compilers or runtime systems. Such languages are not in wide use now, as they are suitable for massively parallel computers, containing over 1000 processors.
6. Programming languages for the fourth generation computers do not tend to use a declarative programming style.
Смотри 5.
7. The widespread use of computer networks and the increasing use of single-user workstations characterize 5th generation.
The fifth generation is marked by the widespread use of computer networks and single-user workstations. The Sequent Balance machine, connecting up to 20 processors to a single memory module was the prototype of the first local computer network. DEC VAX, its competitor, was the general purpose UNIX system where each processor worked on a different user’s job.
The “hypercube” a machine designed by Intel corporation used another approach.
Each processor had its own memory, and all these local memories were controlled by a single unit. It enabled manufacturers to create larger systems.
Towards the end of the 5-th century the third type of parallel processors was built.
This machine, known as data-parallel connected several thousand simple processors which could work under the direction of a single unit.
8. The same.
9. The computer industry is one of the most important branches.
Yes, you’re absolutely right. Manufacture, development sales and servicing of computers represents one of the largest world industries. The USA is the greatest world manufacturer and user of computers.
Its largest software company is Microsoft Corporation. The largest US hardware manufacturers are IBM (International Business Machines), The Hewlett-Packard Company, Digital Equipment Corporation and others. Japan is the second world’s largest computer manufacturer. Such companies as Jujitsu and NEC Corporation are also famous. Computer manufacture is combined with constant Rand D (research and development) work. The main goals of computer designers nowadays are: creating faster processors, communication means, discs that can store more information etc.
Such a sizable industry requires a distributed sales system. There are different ways of computer selling. The teams of sales professionals that belong to the manufacturer, value-added resellers, retail outlets, etc. Many computers are also sold by Internet.
10. The computer industry is not one of the most important branches.
Смотри 9.