Active vocabulary

№	word	definition	translation
1	politics (n)	the art and science of administrating states and other political units	политика
2	power (n)	political, financial, social, etc. force or influence; a prerogative, privilege or liberty	власть, полномочия
3	freedom (n)	the quality or state of being free, esp. to enjoy political and civil liberties	свобода
4	right (n)	any claim, title, etc. , that is morally just or legally granted allowable or due to a person	право
5	vest (v)	to place or settle (power, rights)	сосредотачивать
6	branch (n)	a subdivision or subsidiary section of something larger or more complex	ветвь (власти)
7	legislate (v)	to make or pass laws	узаконивать
8	execute (v)	to carry out, complete; to perform, accomplish, effect	исполнять
9	judge (v)	to hear and decide upon (a case of law); to pass judgment on	судить
10	implement (v)	to carry out; to put into action	воплощать, исполнять
11	enact (v)	to make into an act or statute; to establish by law, decree	внедрять, исполнять
12	constitute (v)	to form, to compose; to give legal form to	составлять

LISTENING 1

GLOBALIZATION

You can hear the term ‘globalization’ very often now.

• How do you understand this concept?

• What positive / negative features do you see in globalization?

• Do you think globalization is inevitable?

Task 1. You will hear a part of a radio interview about the phenomenon of ‘globalization’.

a) Listen to the recording, but first listen to the words and phrases that are used in the text:

• individual - индивидуум

• to maximize profits – максимально увеличивать прибыли

• fair - справедливый

• constrained - ограниченный

• boundary - граница

• to expand - увеличивать(ся) в объеме, развивать(ся)

• to enter the foreign market – выходить на зарубежный рынок

• blinkered - ограниченный

• consumerism – защита интересов потребителя

• economic entity – субъект хозяйствования

• to challenge – бросать вызов, провоцировать

• the notion of democracy – понятие демократии

• to have power over sb. – иметь власть над кем-либо

2. Choose the most appropriate answer according to what you will hear.

1. globalization is a term which originated in

   1. sport

   2. politics

   3. business

2. global trade

   1. has always existed

   2. has developed from more local trade

   3. is only now beginning to affect us

3. The role of technology in globalization

   1. has caused a lot of damage

   2. has produced benefits for many parties

   3. is not very important

4. Which best describes the relationship between governments and global companies?

   1. Global companies are controlled by the governments.

   2. Global companies sometimes hold more power than government.

   3. Global companies dictate the directions of governments.

5. Which sentence best sums up the author’s view?

   1. Globalization is generally bad.

   2. Globalization is a positive force in our world today.

   3. Globalization has its pluses and minuses.

Task 2. Reflect if your understanding of the notion of globalization coincides with the opinion of the lecturer you’ve just heard. What is your attitude to the regular anti-globalization demonstrations and marches which are organized in different parts of the world? Can you give any examples of such events from media?

LANGUAGE FOCUS

Task 1. Match the words into synonymous pairs.

1	administer	a)	freedom
2	authority	b)	chamber
3	be responsible to	c)	govern
4	house	d)	power
5	implement	e)	state organ
6	liberty	f)	be accountable to
7	state body	g)	carry out, enforce
8	give consent	h)	work out
9	to elaborate	i)	agree

Task 2. Complete the word-building word chart.

Verb	noun	adjective
	legislation
execute
		judicial
represent
	elector
constitute

Task 3. Complete the sentences with the proper word using the words from the chart of task 2.

1. The President of the USA as the head of the … power is assisted by the Vice-President and the Cabinet.

2. The House of …in the Republic of Belarus consists of 110 deputies.

3. The members of the Council of Republic are …at the meetings of the deputies of the local Councils.

4. According to … the head of the state is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces of the republic.

5. The Supreme Court in the USA comprises the Chief …and eight associate ….

6. In order to become a law a bill should be approved by the two chambers of the … body and should get the approval of the head of the state.

7. The …in the UK is independent but the courts are the Queen’s Courts.

8. A person can take part in …when he/she is a citizen of the country and has become of age.

Task 4. Can you explain the difference in the meaning of the following terms? Make the examples of your own to show this difference.

1. policy – politics

2. freedom – right

3. bill – law

4. vote – ballot

5. enforce – strengthen

6. appoint – adopt

7. elaborate – introduce

Task 5. Complete the text with the proper word from the box after it.