8. Logistics and distribution. Job description.

Logistics and distribution managers organize the storage and distribution of goods, which often involves using complex IT and telecommunications systems. They plan and manage the movement of goods in a supply chain, liaising with many parties including suppliers of raw materials, manufacturers, retailers and consumers.

The role of distribution manager within logistics may involve transportation, stock control, warehousing and ensuring structures are in place to monitor the flow of goods and materials. IT plays a key part within the logistics field in forecasting increasingly complex systems of stock levels, delivery times, transport costs and performance evaluation.

Typical work activities

Responsibilities vary according to the specific job role and whether the employing company is a manufacturer, retailer or specialist service provider.

A range of business tasks is undertaken to support the smooth and efficient operation of supply chain processes, and typical work activities usually include:

• monitoring the quality, quantity, cost and efficiency of the movement and storage of goods;

• coordinating and controlling the order cycle and associated information systems;

• analysing data to monitor performance and plan improvements and demand;

• allocating and managing staff resources according to changing needs;

• liaising and negotiating with customers and suppliers;

• developing business by gaining new contracts, analysing logistical problems and producing new solutions.

When managing warehouse or transport staff, the role may also include:

• implementing health and safety procedures;

• managing staff training issues;

• motivating other members of the team;

• project management;

• setting objectives.

More senior roles in logistics may involve:

• planning projects;

• using specialist knowledge, such as mechanical-handling systems, to provide consultancy services.

9. Levels of management

There are three general levels of management: top managers, middle managers, and first-line managers.

A top manager is an upper-level executive who guides and controls the overall activities of the organization. Top managers constitute a small group. They are generally responsible for the organization's planning and developing its mission. They also determine the firm's strategy and its major policies. They are director, vice director, chief executive officer, and members of the Board.

A middle manager is a manager who implements the strategy and major policies handed down from the top level of the organization. Middle managers develop tactical plans, policies, and standard operating procedures, and they coordinate and supervise the activities of first-line managers. Titles at the middle-management level include division manager, department head, plant manager and operations manager.

A first-line manager is a manager who coordinates and supervises the activities of operating employees. First-line managers spend most of their time working with employees, answering questions, and solving day-to-day problems. Many of today's middle and top managers began their careers on this first management level. Common titles for first-line managers include office manager, supervisor, foreman and project manager.