- •Unit 1 terrorism
- •Discussion:
- •I. Practice the pronunciation of the following words:
- •Text a definition of terrorism.
- •Politicization of the term
- •Active vocabulary
- •Comprehension check
- •Now decide whether the statement is true or false; correct those that are wrong:
- •Text b terrorism
- •Active vocabulary
- •To adopt terrorism as virtually a state policy;
- •A contested homeland;
- •Comprehension check
- •I. Answer the following questions to check how carefully you have read the texts:
- •II. Now decide whether the statement is true or false; correct those that are wrong:
- •Text c types of terrorism
- •Confines and definition
- •Methods of state terror
- •Extrajudicial execution
- •Acts labelled as state terrorism, sorted by state Chile
- •Germany
- •Soviet Union
- •United States
- •13. Cyber-terrorism
- •Terrorist action and thought
- •Types of political terrorism Revolutionary terrorism
- •Repressive terrorism
- •Active vocabulary
- •Comprehension check
- •II. Now decide whether the statement is true or false; correct those that are
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Consult the Topical Vocabulary and learn expressions with the word “terrorism”. Learn them by heart and use in the sentences of your own.
- •III.Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian /Russian:
- •IV. Give antonyms:
- •V. Give English equivalents of the following expressions:
- •VI. Complete the text with the words and word combinations from the box:
- •VII. Translate the following text into English using words and word combinations from the
- •VIII. Read and translate the following text without a dictionary:
- •X. What do these foreign expressions mean?
- •XI. Retell the texts using active vocabulary of the unit.
- •XII. Write an essay or speak on the following topic:
VII. Translate the following text into English using words and word combinations from the
text:
Терроризм уходит своими корнями глубоко в века. Еще древние историки отмечали эффективность ведения психологической войны с противником, которая и лежит в основе террористической деятельности. Террор или его элементы были характерны для многих событий нашей истории. Некоторые приверженцы революционных идей, например, выступали за подобные методы ведения борьбы. Они искренне верили, что убийство людей, стоящих у власти, есть верный способ политического и социального преобразования общества.
Надо отметить, что до XIX в. террористы, как правило, признавали неприкосновенность (immunity) за определенными категориями граждан, не причастных к конфликту. Женщины, дети и старики обычно не были их мишенями. Например, когда в России конца XIX в. радикалы планировали убийство царя Александра II, они несколько раз отменяли операцию из-за риска уничтожения ни в чем не повинных людей.
Впоследствии, с развитием бюрократической системы государств, террористы стали обращаться к косвенным методам атаки, не исключая при этом никого для большего политического эффекта. Такая непредсказуемость и произвол создавали в обществе атмосферу тревоги и подрывали у народа уверенность в своем правительстве, которое было не в состоянии защитить своих граждан. В панике люди требовали, чтобы правительство пошло на уступки (to make concessions) террористам.
Традиционные методы и формы терроризма известны во всем мире. Это политические убийства, похищения, захват зданий и заложников, воздушное пиратство, поджоги. Но в наши дни технического прогресса и относительно легкого доступа к оружию терроризм принял еще более разнообразные и изощренные формы. К услугам террористов имеются компьютеры, новейшие виды компактных взрывных устройств, что избавляет их от необходимости возвращаться к старым забытым формам борьбы террористов прошлого века.]
VIII. Read and translate the following text without a dictionary:
Political violence has characterized the last years of this and will characterize the early decades of the twenty-first century. One prominent form will be the practice of terrorism. The universal availability of weapons, explosives, and technologically sophisticated timing and triggering devices, along with the global communication revolution, adds to the terrorists' capabilities. Increased capabilities include, coordinated, nearly simultaneous attacks in several countries, fax death threats, and comparison of target lists by computer. Concurrently, intrastate conflicts, political uncertainty, and growth of ethnic challenges to the administrative state are weakening the states' security capabilities. Coupled with the increased porosity of state borders, these trends are making it easier for the terrorist to move anywhere in the world with little chance of being apprehended or even identified.
Future terrorism is likely to include higher than ever levels of violence. Although technology aids in the defense against terrorism, it also provides terrorists with increased opportunities. Terrorists can operate in cyber space to destroy or manipulate information for their own purposes. Skilled "hackers" with terrorist intent can access all but the most secure data banks, stealing or changing information, or destroying it. Access to police and other security files can keep terrorists one step ahead of their government opponents.
Seeking more spectacular attacks, terrorists may poison water supplies or create ecological disasters by starting fires and causing chemical spills. The potential for using weapons of mass destruction, including biological and nuclear material, exists.
IX. Match the given notions with the suitable definition:
1. to discourage a. to frighten by making threats
2. to banish b. to prevent or try to prevent an action either
by showing disapproval or by putting
difficulties on the way
3. contested territory c. strong or powerful influence or effect caused
by an idea
4. impact d. to send away by official order from one’s
own country
5. to intimidate e. to murder a politician or other important
person
6. arbitrary f. decided by or based on change or personal
opinion others than facts or reason
7. violence g. based on a political system in which every
citizen is subject to the power of the state.
8. to assassinate h. use of physical force on others, to hurt or harm
illegally
9. totalitarian i. for which struggle or fight to place, to gain
control or advantage